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1、猪肺炎支原体的免疫时机及疫苗的选择先灵葆雅动物保健市场技术部先灵葆雅动物保健市场技术部荣荣 强强1Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae猪支原体肺炎(Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine (Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine MPSMPS ) )Enzootic Pneumonia (EP)Enzootic Pneumonia (EP)2M. hyo Disease猪支原体肺炎nFirst isolated from pig lungs in 1965n1965年首次在猪肺脏中分离nOne of the most common and e
2、conomically important diseasesn最普遍和经济意义重大的疾病之一nA complex interaction between M. hyo and other bacterial and viral infections, and poor management and ventilation.n主要损失是支原体和其它细菌病毒的混合感染、饲养管理不善、通风不良等综合因素所致。3M. hyo DiseasenOne of the primary pathogens causing Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC)n引
3、起PRDC 的原发病原之一nAffects as many as 99% of U.S. herdsn99的美国猪群都有感染nWorld-wide significancen世界范围内养猪生产中流行4M. hyo diseasenEconomic effects are extremely variable between herds. n不同猪群的经济影响差异较大nDependent on cost of inputs, price of pigs, other diseases, etc.n取决于投入的成本、猪价、其它疾病的情况等。nA MOVING TARGET.5M. hyo Dise
4、asenReduced average daily gain (ADG)n降低日增重nReduced feed efficiency (FE)n降低饲料报酬nIncreased medication costsn增加药物成本nIncreased cull or light-weight pigsn增加淘汰或低体重的猪nEtc.67M. hyo Economic LossesnM. hyo decreased growth rate 12.7% and decreased feed efficiency by 13.8% (Pointon, et al,1985)n肺炎支原体可降低生长率12.7
5、%和饲料报酬13.8%8M. hyo diseasenTransmission between pigs: aerosol and direct contactn猪之间传播途径：空气和直接接触nTransmission between farms: movement of infected pigs n猪场之间传播方式：感染猪的移动nAerosol between farms: Britain 3.2 kmn猪场之间传播距离：3.2公里9M. hyo DiseaseClinical signs include:临床症状nchronic cough (often dry or nonproduc
6、tive)n慢性咳嗽（通常是干咳）nhigh morbidity and low mortalityn高发病率和低死亡率nuneven groups of pigsn猪群内生长不整齐10M. hyo diseasenPeak prevalence in Finisher because of:n在育肥期多发的原因：nLong incubation period：潜伏期长nSlow spread传播缓慢nIncreased animal density养殖密度加大nPresence of other organisms其他致病菌的出现11M. hyo PathogenesisnM. hyo co
7、lonizes cilia of trachea and bronchi.paralyzing then tangling, splitting and breaking cilia.reducing normal function of mucociliary apparatus.n支原体定植在气管和支气管纤毛上，导致纤毛缠绕折断、脱落，从而降低了粘液纤毛的正常功能。12Only attaches to tracheobronchial ciliaA mucosal pathogen131415M. hyo PathogenesisnThere is also evidence of imp
8、aired Alveolar macrophage function (Caruso and Ross, 1990)n破坏肺泡巨嗜细胞的功能 1617M. hyo DiseaseSecondary bacterial infections:继发细菌感染nPasteurella multocida多杀性巴氏杆菌nActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae胸膜肺炎放线杆菌nStreptococcus suis链球菌nHaemophilus parasuis副嗜血杆菌 Generally seen as respiratory distress or “thumping”18M.
9、hyo DiseasenThere are also interactions with several viruses including Swine Influenza Virus, Pseudorabies (PRV), PRRS，PCVIIn还和几种病毒相互作用，其中包括猪流感病毒、伪狂犬病毒、蓝耳病病毒、圆环病毒II型192021Mycoplasma hyopneumonia: Control and Prevention猪支原体肺炎的控制与防治22M. hyo Control and PreventionnMedication药物nManagement管理nVaccination免
10、疫23M. hyo MedicationnAntibiotics have shown mixed results in field conditions and are used mostly to control secondary infections.n田间条件下，抗生素的效果表现不一，主要用于控制继发感染。24M. hyo MedicationnLincomycin: results inconsistentn林可霉素nTiamulin: results inconsistentn支原净nQuinolones: show some promisen喹喏酮类nFlorfenicol:
11、shows some promisen纽弗罗nAivlosin: results are goodn爱乐新25M. hyo MedicationnOne problem with any medication program is that once the medication is removedthe disease can begin to cause problems again.n一旦停药，疾病复发26M. hyo Prevention and ControlManagement factors are important管理十分重要nAll-in/all-out producti
12、on is probably the single most important management techniquen全进全出是最好的管理方式nNo more than 3 weeks spread in agen年龄差距不要超过3周nMedicated Early Weaning (MEW) has been shown to help control the MPS diseasen早期药物断奶有一定帮助27M. hyo Prevention and ControlManagement factors (continued)nSegregated Early Weaning (SEW
13、) has shown meritn早期隔离断奶也有一定好处nVaccination免疫nOptimize density and proper ventilationn合理化密度，保持良好通风28M. hyo Prevention and ControlKey to an effective program to control PRDC (Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex) is an effective M. hyo vaccine控制PRDC有效措施的关键是使用有效的支原体疫苗29M. hyo VaccinesnBecause the exact
14、antigenic epitopes responsible for immunity are not well understood, whole-cell vaccines are best.n因为还不清楚决定免疫力的具体抗原决定部位，所以全细胞疫苗是最好的。30Western Blot Analysis免疫印记分析nM+Pac preserves 15 proteinsn安百克保留了15种抗原蛋白nProduct A preserves 11 proteinsnA产品保留了11种抗原蛋白nProducts B and C preserve 8 proteinsnB和C产品保留了8种抗原蛋
15、白31M+PAC 安百克安百克拥拥有全世界最多的有全世界最多的猪支原体猪支原体抗原抗原 Pfizer Pfizer Intervet Intervet Fort Dodge Fort Dodge M+PACM+PAC 32M. hyo VaccinesnAlso, because long-lasting immunity is important, it is our belief that an effective M. hyo vaccine should have an improved oil adjuvant.n此外，长久免疫力是重要的，良好的油佐剂是支原体疫苗必须的。33Vacc
16、ine Adjuvants疫苗佐剂34Vaccine Adjuvants疫苗佐剂nAluminum Hydroxide (AH)氢氧化铝nWater-in-oil (W/O)油包水nOil-in-water (O/W)水包油35Aluminum Hydroxide氢氧化铝nLow viscosity粘度低nMild to no reactions温和无刺激nImmediate response免疫反应迅速nShort-lived immunity免疫期短36Water-in-Oil (W/O)油包水nMore oil = more viscosity粘度高nMore irritation刺激大
17、nMore pain疼痛nMore stress应激大37Oil-in-Water (O/W)水包油nMore modern最新型nAt least as effective as W/O与油包水效果相同nLess oil = lower viscosity低粘度nLess irritation刺激小nLess pain疼痛少nLess stress (pigs and people)应激小38 M. hyo Vaccine AdjuvantsnM+PAC SPAH O/W+AHnRespisure Pfizer O/W,Lecithin卵磷脂nRespifend Fort Dodge AHn
18、Ingelvac MH Nobl/BI W/OnPorcilis Intervet AHnHyoresp Merial AH39Introducing new M+Pac40Check other mycoplasma vaccines against the advantages of M+Pac:nReduced lung lesionsnLess coughingnHigher antibody titersnHigher cell-mediated immunitynExclusive Emunade adjuvantn1 ml administration41Emunade, a r
19、evolutionary new dual-action adjuvant革命性的双相佐剂nThe key to M+Pacs superior performancen安百克优良性能的关键nFaster acting, longer lastingn速效、长效nExcellent syringeabilityn良好的通针性42Emunade, nAluminum Hydroxide plus Oil-in watern氢氧化铝水包油nFast acting速效nLong lasting长效nStimulates strong cell-mediated immunityn刺激坚强的细胞介导免
20、疫力43Oil globules in Emunade contain antigen both inside droplet and on droplet surface. Surface antigen prompts rapid immune response.4445Antigen inside is released gradually as oil droplets break down over time. This gradual release allows Emunade to deliver prolonged immunity.4647Vaccination Sched
21、ules免疫程序nTiming (Later is better?)时机nOne-dose vs. Two-dose一针还是二针nSow Vaccination母猪免疫48Vaccination Timing免疫时机nLater is Better.Why?n越晚越好nMaternal Antibody Interferencen母源抗体干扰nProtection needs to last for entire finishing periodn保护力需要持续整个育肥期49Lung Scores After Vaccination of Maternal Antibody Pigs At 4
22、 And 6 Weeks of Age5.95.818.8005101520% of lung lesions4 weeks6 weeksNonvaccNon-Chall* Significantly lower than nonvaccinated, P 3rd Parity sowsn经产3次的母猪抗体滴度下降。nDecreased Sow to Pig Shedding?n能减少母猪对仔猪的散毒吗？55Sow Vaccination母猪免疫nIf sow herd is vaccinated, especially pre-farrowing, then it is even more
23、important to vaccinate pigs later.n如果母猪免疫，尤其在产前免疫，仔猪则免疫更嘉推迟。56M+Pac安百克Convenient dosage schedule方便的剂量n1 ml dose at 7-to-10 days of age or older.n首免1毫升710日龄以上nRevaccinate with 1 ml dose 2 weeks after initial vaccination.n在首免2周后，二免1毫升nRevaccinate with a single 1 ml dose annually.n每年加强免疫1毫升57M+PACTM Va
24、ccination program(cont)安百克免疫程序nVaccination schedule also can be done according to farms M. hyo situation:n免疫程序也需根据猪场的肺炎支原体发生状况来决定。n stage of M. hyo outbreaks and time for vaccination: n肺炎支原体爆发阶段和免疫时机 nursery/grower pre-fattener post-fattener 保育期/育成期 育肥前期 育肥后期 1wk & 3wk 3wk & 6wk 6wk & 9wk58M+PACTMCheck your Mycoplasma vaccine against these advantages:nHigher antibody titersnReduced lung lesionnLess coughingnHigher cell-mediated immunitynExclusive Emunade adjuvantn1ml SQ/IM administration59M+PACTM 安百克Raising the standard in Mycoplasma Vaccines提高了支原体疫苗的标准60
