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1、会计学1TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞西奥多德莱塞第一页，共32页。NaturalismNaturalismNaturalismisevolvedfromrealism.Itistheoutgrowthofrealism.Itappearedattheendofthe19thcentury.第1页/共31页第二页，共32页。Theoretical Basisn nInfluencedbyInfluencedbyCharlesDarwinstheoryofCharlesDarwinstheoryofevolution:evolution:n nThe origin of Specie
2、s (1859)The origin of Species (1859)n nDescent of Man (1871)Descent of Man (1871)n n“Manhadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife,not“Manhadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife,notcreatedbyGod”.“Thesurvivalofthefittest”createdbyGod”.“Thesurvivalofthefittest”n nNaturalistsbelievedthatNaturalistsbelievedthatonesoneshered
3、ityheredityandandsocialsocialenvironmentenvironmentlargelydetermineonesfatelargelydetermineonesfate. . 第2页/共31页第三页，共32页。Naturalistic writingNaturalistic writingSo,naturalisticwritersattemptedtoachieveextremeSo,naturalisticwritersattemptedtoachieveextremeobjectivityandfrankness,presentingcharactersof
4、lowobjectivityandfrankness,presentingcharactersoflowsocialandeconomicclasseswhoweredominatedbytheirsocialandeconomicclasseswhoweredominatedbytheirenvironment environment andand heredityheredity. .第3页/共31页第四页，共32页。Major features of Naturalism The core of naturalism is The core of naturalism is determ
5、inismdeterminism（决定论决定论决定论决定论）n nMansfateiswhollydeterminedbysomecombinationofMansfateiswhollydeterminedbysomecombinationofanimalinstinct,heredity,andenvironment.animalinstinct,heredity,andenvironment.n n Humanslackfreedomoftheirownwill.AlloftheiractionsareHumanslackfreedomoftheirownwill.Alloftheira
6、ctionsarecontrolled,determined.controlled,determined.The universe is cold, godless, indifferent and hostile to The universe is cold, godless, indifferent and hostile to human desires. Life becomes a struggle for survival. human desires. Life becomes a struggle for survival. n nTwoofthenaturalistsrec
7、urrentconcernsare:socialTwoofthenaturalistsrecurrentconcernsare:socialsystemsthatdestroyanddehumanize,andindividualsystemsthatdestroyanddehumanize,andindividualexperienceoflossandfailure.experienceoflossandfailure.第4页/共31页第五页，共32页。 l l Naturalismisaharsherandextremeformofrealism.Naturalismisaharsher
8、andextremeformofrealism.l lThenaturalistshaveamajordifferencefromtherealists.Thenaturalistshaveamajordifferencefromtherealists.Theyfeelrealistsasfartoo“genteel”.Theyfeelrealistsasfartoo“genteel”. Naturalistsdonotlookattheaverage,butattheviolent,Naturalistsdonotlookattheaverage,butattheviolent,sensat
9、ional,sordid,unpleasantanduglyaspectsoflife.sensational,sordid,unpleasantanduglyaspectsoflife. TheywouldgototheslumsandwriteaboutthelifeofpovertyandTheywouldgototheslumsandwriteaboutthelifeofpovertyandcrime.crime. Theywriteaboutwar,prostitution,criminals,andalloftheseotherTheywriteaboutwar,prostitut
10、ion,criminals,andalloftheseotheraspectsoflifethatarenottoopleasanttoconsider.aspectsoflifethatarenottoopleasanttoconsider.Major features of Naturalism第5页/共31页第六页，共32页。Characteristics of Naturalistic Characteristics of Naturalistic Writing: Writing: n nSubjectsSubjects:thelivesofthedowntroddenandofth
11、eabnormal,frank:thelivesofthedowntroddenandoftheabnormal,franktreatmentofhumanpassionandsaxualitytreatmentofhumanpassionandsaxualityn nThemeTheme:manslifeisdominatedbytheirheredityandenvironment.:manslifeisdominatedbytheirheredityandenvironment.n nLanguageLanguage:unpolished,lackinginacademicskillsa
12、ndunwieldyin:unpolished,lackinginacademicskillsandunwieldyinstucture.stucture.n nTheauthorsTheauthorstonetoneismoreironicandpessimistic.ismoreironicandpessimistic.第6页/共31页第七页，共32页。Representative writers:Representative writers:n nStephenCraneStephenCrane(18711900) n nFrankNorrisFrankNorris(18701902)
13、n nJackLondonJackLondon(1876-1916)n nTheodoreDreiserTheodoreDreiser(1871-1945)(1871-1945)第7页/共31页第八页，共32页。Representative works:第8页/共31页第九页，共32页。Representative works:Representative works:n nThe Red Badge of The Red Badge of Courage Courage 红色英红色英勇勇(yngyng)(yngyng)勋章勋章n nSister Carrier Sister Carrier
14、嘉莉嘉莉妹妹妹妹(mi mei)(mi mei)第9页/共31页第十页，共32页。Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945)第10页/共31页第十一页，共32页。CatalogueCataloguen nLife of DreiserLife of Dreisern nWorks of DreiserWorks of Dreisern nWork Analysis of Work Analysis of Sister CarrieSister Carrien nWriting styles of DreiserWriting styles of Dreiser第11页/共31页第
15、十二页，共32页。Dreisers lifeDreisers lifeAmerican novelist and journalist 1871- born in Indiana At 16 years old-forced to leave home in search of work. 1889-1890- study at Indiana University. In 1892- started to write for the Chicago Globe In 1898-Dreiser married, a Missouri schoolteacher in 1909-separate
16、d permanently with his wife Sara White. In 1900- his first novel Sister Carrie was published. In 1911-Jennie Gerhardt was published. in 1912-Sister Carrie was republished. on December 28, 1945 in Hollywood, he died, aged 74.第12页/共31页第十三页，共32页。Main Literary WorksMain Literary Worksn nSister Carrie (1
17、900)Sister Carrie (1900)嘉莉妹妹嘉莉妹妹n nJennie Gerhardt (1911)Jennie Gerhardt (1911)珍妮姑娘珍妮姑娘n nTrilogy of Desire (Trilogy of Desire (欲望三部曲欲望三部曲): ):n nThe Financier (1912)The Financier (1912)金融家金融家n nThe Titan (1914) The Titan (1914) 巨人巨人(jrn)(jrn)n nThe Stoic (posthumously) The Stoic (posthumously) 斯多葛斯
18、多葛n nThe Genius (1915) The Genius (1915) 天才天才n nAn American Tragedy (1925) An American Tragedy (1925) 美国的悲剧美国的悲剧n nDreiser Looks at RussiaDreiser Looks at Russia1928 1928 n n 德莱赛对俄罗斯的观感德莱赛对俄罗斯的观感 第13页/共31页第十四页，共32页。Sister CarrieSister Carrien nPlotPlotn nCharactersCharactersn nThemesThemes第14页/共31页第
19、十五页，共32页。Major characters and their relationsMajor characters and their relations n nDrouet Drouet carriecarrien nHurstwoodHurstwood friendsloverslovers第15页/共31页第十六页，共32页。The plotn nCarrie Meeber, penniless and full Carrie Meeber, penniless and full of the illusion of ignorance and of the illusion o
20、f ignorance and youth, leaves her rural home to youth, leaves her rural home to seek work in Chicago. On the seek work in Chicago. On the train, she becomes acquainted train, she becomes acquainted with with Charles DrouetCharles Drouet, a salesman. , a salesman. In Chicago, she lives with her In Ch
21、icago, she lives with her sister, and work for a time in a sister, and work for a time in a shoe factory. shoe factory. 第16页/共31页第十七页，共32页。The plotn nMeager income and terrible working condition Meager income and terrible working condition oppress her imaginative spirit. After a period of oppress he
22、r imaginative spirit. After a period of unemployment and loneliness, she accepts unemployment and loneliness, she accepts Drouet and becomes his mistress. Drouet and becomes his mistress. n nDuring his absence, she falls in love with Drouets During his absence, she falls in love with Drouets friend
23、Hurstwood, a middle aged, married, friend Hurstwood, a middle aged, married, comparatively intelligent culture saloon manager. comparatively intelligent culture saloon manager. They finally elope. They live together for three They finally elope. They live together for three years.years.第17页/共31页第十八页
24、，共32页。The plotn n Carrie becomes mature in intellect and emotion, Carrie becomes mature in intellect and emotion, while Hurstwood steadily declines. At last, she while Hurstwood steadily declines. At last, she thinks him too great a burden and leaves him. thinks him too great a burden and leaves him
25、. Hurstwood sinks lower and lower. After becoming a Hurstwood sinks lower and lower. After becoming a beggar, he commits suicide, while Carrie becomes a beggar, he commits suicide, while Carrie becomes a star of musical comedy. In spite of her success, she star of musical comedy. In spite of her suc
26、cess, she is lonely and dissatisfied. is lonely and dissatisfied. 第18页/共31页第十九页，共32页。Characters Analysisn nCarrie Meeber Carrie Meeber n nCharlie Drouet Charlie Drouet n nGeorge HurstwoodGeorge Hurstwood第19页/共31页第二十页，共32页。Carrie Meebern nCarrieMeebergivesherlovefirsttoDrouet,thentoHurstwoodinorderto
27、survive.n nFortunateenough,shefollowstherightdirectiontoapursuitoftheAmericanDream.Circumstancesandherdesiresforabetterlifedirecthertothesuccessfulgoal.n nButsheisnotcontent.Withwealthandfame,shestillfindsherselflonely.Sheknowsthatherconceptofwhatconstituteshappinesshasbeeninadequate.Thisfindingisam
28、anifestationofherdistinctivedifferencefromotherwealthypeople:Carrieis,bynature,notabadgirl.Sheisaproductofthesociety,arealizationofthetheorythatthefittestsurvive.arealizationofthetheorythatthefittestsurvive.第20页/共31页第二十一页，共32页。Charlie DrouetCharlie Drouetn nCharlie Charlie Drouet Drouet is is a a ch
29、arming, charming, flashy flashy ( (浮浮华华(fhu)(fhu)的的) ) salesman salesman with with a a strong strong appetite appetite for for romance. romance. Although Although he he is is warm-hearted, warm-hearted, he he never never takes takes any any of of his his romantic romantic affairs affairs seriously.
30、seriously. He He provides provides Carrie Carrie with with a a place place toto stay stay after after she she is is forced forced toto stop stop living living with with her her sister; sister; he he also also promises promises toto marry marry her, her, but but he he never never really really intend
31、s intends toto. . He He loses loses Carrie Carrie toto Hurstwood Hurstwood and and then, then, years years later, later, after after she she has has become a famous actress, tries unsuccessfully become a famous actress, tries unsuccessfully toto win her back. win her back. 第21页/共31页第二十二页，共32页。George
32、 HurstwoodGeorge HurstwoodGeorgeHurstwoodisthemanagerofaGeorgeHurstwoodisthemanagerofasalooninChicago.AtthebeginningofthesalooninChicago.Atthebeginningofthenovel,heisawealthy,importantman.Henovel,heisawealthy,importantman.HefallsinlovewithCarrieaftermeetingherfallsinlovewithCarrieaftermeetingherthro
33、ughDrouet.HetellsCarriethathethroughDrouet.HetellsCarriethathelovesher,buthefailstomentionthatheislovesher,buthefailstomentionthatheismarried.Afterhiswifediscovershisaffairmarried.AfterhiswifediscovershisaffairwithCarrieandfilesfordivorce,hestealswithCarrieandfilesfordivorce,hestealstenthousanddolla
34、rsfromthesaloonandtenthousanddollarsfromthesaloonandfleeswithCarrietoMontreal.fleeswithCarrietoMontreal.第22页/共31页第二十三页，共32页。George HurstwoodGeorge HurstwoodThere,hemarriesherbeforehisdivorcewithThere,hemarriesherbeforehisdivorcewithJuliaiscomplete.AlthoughhekeepshistheftaJuliaiscomplete.Althoughheke
35、epshistheftasecretfromCarrie,heisdiscoveredbyansecretfromCarrie,heisdiscoveredbyaninvestigatorandrequiredtoreturnmostoftheinvestigatorandrequiredtoreturnmostofthemoneyinordertoprotecthisreputation.InNewmoneyinordertoprotecthisreputation.InNewYork,Hurstwoodslowlydescendsintopoverty.York,Hurstwoodslow
36、lydescendsintopoverty.AfterCarrieleaveshim,hebecomesahomelessAfterCarrieleaveshim,hebecomesahomelessbeggarandeventuallycommitssuicide.beggarandeventuallycommitssuicide.第23页/共31页第二十四页，共32页。George HurstwoodGeorge HurstwoodIf Carrie is the positive example of the theory that the fittest survive, then H
37、urstwood is negative evidence. He is driven by his instinctive drives and elopes with Carrie to a new environment. He is still conventional and cannot throw abruptly away the long-held social morals. Therefore he is not fitted to live in New York. He has failed because he leaves his original place.
38、His tragedy is the triumphs of the natural desires and of the theory that the fittest survive.第24页/共31页第二十五页，共32页。ThemesThemesn nlife is predeterminedlife is predeterminedn nthe fittest survivethe fittest surviven nAmerican Dream American Dream n n materialismmaterialismn nChange and Transformation
39、Change and Transformation n nChoices and Consequences Choices and Consequences n nWealth and PovertyWealth and Poverty第25页/共31页第二十六页，共32页。Dreisers Writing Stylen nWithoutgoodconstructionWithoutgoodconstructionn nDeficientcharacterizationDeficientcharacterizationn nLackinimaginationLackinimaginationn
40、 nSimplewordsSimplewordsn nJournalisticmethodofreiterationJournalisticmethodofreiteration重复新闻重复新闻(xnwn)(xnwn)手法手法n nTechniquesinpainting(word-picture,sharpcontrast,truthincolor,Techniquesinpainting(word-picture,sharpcontrast,truthincolor,movementinoutline)movementinoutline)第26页/共31页第二十七页，共32页。Evalua
41、tion on Theodore Dreisern n1) Dreiser has been a controversial figure in American literary history. His works are powerful in their portrayal of the changing American life, but his style is considered crude. He showed a new way of presenting reality and inspired the writers of the 1920s with courage
42、 and insight. It is in Dreisers works that American naturalism is said to have come of age. 2) 2) He embraced social Darwinism. He learned to regard man as merely an animal He embraced social Darwinism. He learned to regard man as merely an animal driven by greed and lust in a struggle for existence
43、 in which only the fittest, driven by greed and lust in a struggle for existence in which only the fittest, the most ruthless, survive. Human tragedy comes as a result of the collision the most ruthless, survive. Human tragedy comes as a result of the collision between mans biological needs and soci
44、etys ruthless manipulation.between mans biological needs and societys ruthless manipulation. 第27页/共31页第二十八页，共32页。3) It is Dreisers announced intention to report the coarse and the vulgar 3) It is Dreisers announced intention to report the coarse and the vulgar and the cruel and the terrible in life
45、in defiance of the genteel and and the cruel and the terrible in life in defiance of the genteel and evasive current literature with which he had absolutely no patience evasive current literature with which he had absolutely no patience and sympathy.and sympathy. 4) Dreisers writings reveal a tremen
46、dous vital lust for life with a conviction 4) Dreisers writings reveal a tremendous vital lust for life with a conviction that man is the end and measure of all things in a world which is devoid of that man is the end and measure of all things in a world which is devoid of purpose and standards.purp
47、ose and standards. 第28页/共31页第二十九页，共32页。 Although Dreisers novels are formless at times and awkwardly Although Dreisers novels are formless at times and awkwardly written and his characterization is found deficient and his prose written and his characterization is found deficient and his prose pedest
48、rian and dull, yet his very energy proves to be more than a pedestrian and dull, yet his very energy proves to be more than a pensation. 6) He is good at employing the journalistic method of reiteration to burn a central 6) He is good at employing the journalistic method of reiteration to burn a cen
49、tral impression into the readers mind. His interest in painting is reflected in his taste impression into the readers mind. His interest in painting is reflected in his taste for word-pictures, sharp contrast, truth in color, and movement in outline.for word-pictures, sharp contrast, truth in color, and movement in outline. 第29页/共31页第三十页，共32页。Thanks!第30页/共31页第三十一页，共32页。内容(nirng)总结会计学。Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945)。Sister Carrie (1900)嘉莉妹妹(mi mei)。Thanks第三十二页，共32页。
