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1、不定式句法功能 1).To love ourselves is to love life. 2).The duties of a nurse are to take care of the patient. 3).I learn to speak Japanese. 4).Please ask John to close the door. 5).What a lot of invitations to send out! 6). One day I went shopping and came back to find my front wheel was missing.(定语）定语）（状
2、语）（状语）（宾补）（宾补）（宾语）（宾语）（表语）（表语）(主语）主语）1).作主语作主语To use a dictionary in English studyis important.It is important to use a dictionary in English study.It is not easy for us to solve the problem. 2).作表语作表语He seemed to be shy before the public. 注意：不定式作联系动词注意：不定式作联系动词be的表的表语且主语部分含有实义动词语且主语部分含有实义动词do时，时，to
3、可以省略。可以省略。 The first thing I did was (to) say sorry to him. 3).作宾语作宾语 作及物动词的宾语，常用的及作及物动词的宾语，常用的及物动词有：物动词有：ask, want, decide, seem, promise, pretend, agree, wish, afford, fail, refuse, manage, expect, happen, offer, beg, hope, demand Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.A.adm
4、it B. admittedB.C. admitting D. to admitA注意：除个别介词注意：除个别介词but, except外外,不不定式不作介词宾语定式不作介词宾语,但不定式在但不定式在but后面时后面时,若前有实义动词若前有实义动词do,不定式不不定式不带带to,否则须带否则须带to。We have nothing to do but wait for the doctor. 4).宾补宾补在一些动词如在一些动词如advice，allow，ask，force，get等后面做宾等后面做宾语补足语。语补足语。ask sb. to do sth.allow sb. to do sth
5、.CThe patient was warned _ oilyfood after the operation.A.to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eat John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment.A.to wash B. washing B.C. wash D. to be washingA在感观动词在感观动词使役动词中的用法使役动词中的用法He was made to work from morning till night.5).定语定语想不想要一些喝的东西？想不想
6、要一些喝的东西？Would you like something to drink?*不定式做定语往往位于所修饰不定式做定语往往位于所修饰的名词的后面。的名词的后面。他是第一个来的老师。他是第一个来的老师。请给我一张纸写字。请给我一张纸写字。He was the first teacher to come.Please give me a piece of paper to write on.注意注意(1)在表示次序的词：在表示次序的词：first, last, next等之后的动词要用不定式的结构等之后的动词要用不定式的结构 (2)如果不定式是如果不定式是vi动词，或不定式动词，或不定式所修
7、饰的名词是不定式动作的地点、所修饰的名词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后要加上相应的介工具等，不定式后要加上相应的介词。词。 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. (NMET 1989) A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat onB1.The fans waited outside for a long time just_ a look at the star.A.had B. having C. to have D. haveB.2.The chil
8、dren all turned _ the famous star as she entered the classroom.C. looked at B. to look atD.C. to looking at D. look at CB3.Can the project be finished as planned? -Sure, _it completed in time, well work two more hours a day. A. having got B. to get C. getting D. getB4. He hurried to the station only
9、 _that the train had left. A. to have found B. finding C. found D. to findD不定式的各种形式1一般式一般式(to do)表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后同时或之后2 完成式完成式(to have done)表示动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态之前之前 He is said to have gone abroad.3进行式进行式(to be doing)表示的动作或状态，与谓语动词表示的动作或状态同时发生同时发生. The students pretended to be readin
10、g. 1. I have two letters _now.A.to write B. to be write B.C. write D. being writing. C.2. Now he is disappointed to scold his son yesterday. (Correction) have scoldedA3. They are said _another bridge these days. A. to build B. to be building C. that they build D. that they are building BA4. Robert i
11、s said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A.to have studied B. to studyB.C. to be study C.D. to have been studying I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have goneD常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有常和不定式完成式连用的动词
12、还有：would (should) love/like, meant, hoped, planned, expected, promised, wish等等 不定式的语态1.The naughty school boys are not easy _.A. deal with B.B. to be dealtC. to be dealt with D. to deal withD1.I have some questions to ask. 2.Do you have anything to take to Beijing? Ill leave for it tomorrow. 3. I ha
13、ve no more letters to type, thank you. 4.The question is easy to be answered. 5. There is nothing to do now. 6. There is nothing to be done now.to be takento be typedto answer先判断正误，如有错则改正，最后总结提高先判断正误，如有错则改正，最后总结提高动词不定式省略动词不定式省略to的情况的情况(P215)同一结构并列同一结构并列,由由and 或或or连接连接uHe asked me to come in and sit
14、down含有含有行为动词行为动词do 的句子中的句子中,作表语作表语用的不定式用的不定式to可以省略可以省略uAll you need to do is (to) say sorry to him.介词介词but, except, besides前有前有实意动实意动词词do 的任何形式的任何形式uYou cant do nothing but listen to me.make , have, let, hear, listen to, feel, see, watch, look at, notice, observe后后u He made me understand the meaning
15、 of the word. 但是但是:I was made to understand the meaning of the word.(5)had better would ratherrather thancan not help but动词原形动词原形(6)why 开头的省略句开头的省略句 Why not go out for a walk .保留保留to,而省略其后的动词而省略其后的动词.1.不定式不定式to后的内容承前启后后的内容承前启后(重重复复)2. 但如果不定式后有但如果不定式后有have或或be,则则要同时保留要同时保留be或或have.e.g. - Have you vis
16、ited Mr. Smith in hospital? - Not yet, but Im going to.- Are you on holiday? - No, but Id like to be.1.作主语作主语2.作宾语作宾语3.作表语作表语4.作补语作补语V-ing5.作定语作定语6.作状语作状语7.v-ing复合复合结构结构PracticePractice1. Doing nothing is doing ill.2. Slow down for children crossing the street.主语；表语主语；表语定语定语Ex1. Point out the functi
17、on of the Ex1. Point out the function of the inging form in each sentence. form in each sentence.3. When you hang wet clothes near a fire, you will see steam rising from them.4. Not knowing much English, I found it hard to understand them.5. While walking along the shore, we saw that the water was v
18、ery dirty.宾补宾补状语状语状语状语6. Playing tricks on others is something we should never do.7. Babies like tearing paper into pieces.8. They left the caf, talking and laughing loudly.状语状语主语主语宾语宾语(1). 作宾语作宾语 (p.104)A)只能接只能接v-ing为宾语的动词短语为宾语的动词短语.（p.100. to 为介词）为介词）B) have difficulty/trouble/a good/happy/hard ti
19、me (in) doing sth.C) There is no point /good/ use/harm ( in )doing (1). 作宾语作宾语 (p.104)D) Sth. be worth doing =sth be worthy to be done/of being doneE) Sth want (need,require ) doing/to be done.F)记住：只能接记住：只能接v-ing为宾语的动为宾语的动词词 必背必背只接动词只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：admit 承认承认 appreciate 感激感激
20、avoid 避免避免put off 推迟推迟 keep 保持保持 consider考虑考虑delay 耽搁耽搁 dislike 嫌恶嫌恶 resist抵制抵制mention 提及提及 enjoy 喜欢喜欢 escape 避免避免excuse 原谅原谅 practice 练习练习 mind介意介意fancy想不到想不到 feel like 意欲意欲 finish 完成完成risk 冒险冒险 include 包括包括 forgive 原谅原谅give up 放弃放弃 suggest 建议建议 miss 逃过逃过 imagine 设想设想 cant / couldnt help 情不自禁情不自禁（2
21、）状语）状语 关键学会分析非谓语动作与句子关键学会分析非谓语动作与句子主语之间的关系。如果非谓语主语之间的关系。如果非谓语动作是句子主语发出的，用动作是句子主语发出的，用v-ing.注意：注意：v-ing作状语时，其逻辑主作状语时，其逻辑主语常为句子的主语。语常为句子的主语。Seeing from the sky, I find the city very beautiful.（3).v-ing 复合结构复合结构 形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词/名词所有格名词所有格+v-ing.(主语、宾语）主语、宾语） 人称代词宾格人称代词宾格/名词普通格名词普通格 +v-ing (仅限仅限宾语宾语) T
22、hey dont like me /my coming here. Do you remember Li Ping / Li Pings paying the money. Xiao Lis (his ) going wont be of much help. 不说：不说：Xiao Li /him going wont be of much help. 必背必背高中阶段有一些固定的动词高中阶段有一些固定的动词-ing形形式短语，如式短语，如generally speaking, judging from., considering., talking of., taking all thing
23、s into consideration, supposing.等，它等，它们的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语们的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。这种动词不一致。这种动词-ing短语可当作短语可当作一个插入语。一个插入语。Generally speaking, boys are more interested in science than girls. Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada. Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for
24、 free. Supposing it rains, what will you do? 1.作状语2.作定语3.作表语4.作补语过去分词(1). 作状语(p.108) EX: P.115 (51) (52) P.118 (17 ） 过去分词充当任何成分都表示某物过去分词充当任何成分都表示某物/人被人被 （表（表被动）。这是它与被动）。这是它与v-ing 的根本区别。的根本区别。（2）EX: P.117 (2即旧 65).be known for,be dressed in,be lost in thought,be faced with,be filled with,be devoted t
25、o.等短语等短语作定语或状语，说明其逻辑主语的一种状态，作定语或状语，说明其逻辑主语的一种状态，只用过去分词即可。前面没有只用过去分词即可。前面没有being.EX:80._in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A.Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed82. _with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having face
26、d C. Faced D.Facing (3). 关于省略问题(p.108) EX: P.115 (53) when/while/though/unless/as if (主主 be ) +v-ing /done,主主+谓语谓语+其它其它（4）独立主格（p.119).EX: P.119 (2).(3).(4). P.120.(6).(9).(10).(13).(15)非谓语动词非谓语动词,不管是不管是v-ing 还是还是done作状语，它的逻作状语，它的逻辑主格肯定是该句主语。如果不是该句主语，辑主格肯定是该句主语。如果不是该句主语，则要在其前面加上其主语，构成独立主格结构。则要在其前面加上其
27、主语，构成独立主格结构。此结构适合于形容、介词此结构适合于形容、介词 。 名词名词/代词代词+v-ing/done/to do/adj./prep/adv.过去分词过去分词 过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。1.作状语例1 NMET1996第23题_ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To loseC1. 1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词- -inging或过或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应
28、是去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语主语。2.“2.“陷入深思陷入深思”有两种表达法，有两种表达法， A.Lose oneself in A.Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought,thought B.be lost in thought,按句子提供的语境可按句子提供的语境可用结构用结构B.B.过去分词过去分词2.作定语The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.did not include women players until 1912. A. First played B. to be first played C. f
29、irst playing D. to be first playingA过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。去分词表示的动作以完成。 现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。是主谓关系。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以所以A A是正确的。是正确的。First played in 776B.C.=which First played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.was firs
30、t played in 776 B.C.过去分词过去分词3.作表语例3 NMET1998第23题Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to payC解析该题考查分词作表语的用法该题考查分词作表语的用法此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.过去分词过去分词4.作补语该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用该题考查过去分词
31、作宾语补足语的用法。法。The plan The plan 与与carry out carry out 的关系是被的关系是被动关系。动关系。See See sth.donesth.done 这结构常见的这结构常见的还有还有watch(notice, observe,have watch(notice, observe,have 和和make)sthmake)sth. done. done. .The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A.carry put B. carrying ou
32、t B.C. carried out D. to carry outC20. The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday.A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned1.He gave us some advice on how_ English. A.learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn2. It s a pay day，and they are waiting_. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to
33、 be paid3. - A letter may be too slow. - Why not _ a telegram. A.try sending B.try to send C.to try sending D.trying to send巩固练习巩固练习CDA5.Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again. A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive6. To master a foreign language,_. A. a
34、 lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice 20. The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday.A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing. A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen巩固练习巩固练习BAD
