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1、第2讲推理判断题考点考点1细节推断推断类【典例】【典例】(2015浙江高考浙江高考D片段片段)Evenso,partofmecontinuedtoresentwalkingduty. JoeandBeckyhadpromised.Notfair,Idbalk(不不心心甘甘情情愿愿地地做做)silentlyassheand I walked. “Not fair, ”Id loudly remind anyone within earshotuponourreturnhome.Then one dayJanuary 1, 2007, to be exactmy husbandsdoctorutt
2、eredanunthinkableword:leukemia(白白血血病病).Withthat,IspenteighttotenhoursadaywithJoeinthehospital,doinganythingandeverythingIcouldtoeasehisdiscomfort.Duringthosesixmonthsof hospitalizations, Becky, 12 at the time, adjusted to other adultsbeinginthehousewhenshereturnedfromschool.Myworkcolleaguesadjusted
3、to my taking off at a moments notice for medicalemergencies.Everypartofmylifechanged;nopartofmyoldroutineremained.Q:Thestorycametoitsturningpointwhen_.A.Joediedin2009B.Joefellillin2007C.thewriterbegantowalkthedogD.thedogtriedtopleasethewriter【解【解题思路】思路】速速读文章文章,试找出相关的信息句找出相关的信息句,并突出关并突出关键词:_尝试解答解答:_T
4、henonedayJanuary1,2007,tobeexactmyhusbandsdoctorutteredanunthinkableword:leukemia(白血病白血病).Everypartofmylifechanged;nopartofmyoldroutineremained.B【解【解题技巧】技巧】1.“字斟句酌字斟句酌”明内涵明内涵根根据据文文章章提提供供的的具具体体事事实,抓抓住住文文章章中中的的具具体体细节,如如时间、地地点点、人人物物关关系系、人人物物身身份份、事事件件等等,并并结合合生生活活常常识进行行推推理理判判断断。重重点点是是合理把握其内在关系合理把握其内在关系,理
5、解其真正的含理解其真正的含义,做出正确的判断。做出正确的判断。2.常常见命命题方式方式题干中一般有干中一般有knowabout,learnfrom等等词语。考点考点2逻辑推断推断类【典例】【典例】(2015江江苏高考高考C片段片段)Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain intheirpositionsovertime?Toanswerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime.Forin
6、stance,onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in theirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,itleadsto important practical advice. The researchers note that a
7、ttentionshouldbegivento“trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience”.Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview“volunteer”asanimportantsocialrole.Itw
8、asassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyresponding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is animportant part of who I am. ”Consistent
9、 with the researchersexpectations, they found a positive correlation(正正相相关关)between thestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.Theseresults,onceagain,leadtoconcreteadvice:“Onceanindividual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus ondevelopingavolunteerroleidentit
10、y.ItemslikeT-shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity”.Q:Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?A.Individualdifferencesinroleidentity.B.PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT-shirts.C._D.Practicaladvicefromresearchers.【我来命【我来命题】1.速速读文
11、章文章,试找出相关的信息句找出相关的信息句,并突出关并突出关键词:_2.请根据根据该题选项的特点将找到的信息改的特点将找到的信息改编成成选项C:_.theyfoundapositivecorrelationbetweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.Roleidentityasavolunteer.【解【解题技巧】技巧】1.“逻辑关关联”得得结论抓抓与与之之相相关关的的关关键信信息息,进行行正正向向或或逆逆向向思思维,推推断断出出其其隐含含的的深深层含含义。整合全文或全段信息整合全文或
12、全段信息,进行行综合判断合判断,确定最佳确定最佳选项。根根据据上上下下文文逻辑关关系系,进行行实事事求求是是的的判判断断,得得出出合合乎乎逻辑的的结论,而不是而不是仅仅根据自己的根据自己的经验、观点或点或爱好去做出判断。好去做出判断。2.常常见命命题方式方式题干干中中一一般般有有infer,conclude,intend,mean,suggest,imply,indicate等等实义动词,还有有表表达达推推测的的情情态动词can,could,might,would等等,可可能能还包括表示可能性的副包括表示可能性的副词probably,possibly等及形容等及形容词likely等。等。考点考
13、点3观点点态度度类【典例】【典例】(2014福建高考福建高考E片段片段).Againstthisbackground,thefactthatthereisanargumentwithintheGovernmentoverwhethertopublishanofficialreportonwindfarmsimpactonthecountrysidebecomesevenmoreextraordinary.Thetwopartiesinthecoalition(联合合)governmentareindisagreementoverwhatitshouldsay.Wehavesomeadvicef
14、orthetwoparties:publishthereport,andletthecountrybethejudge.Evenifitcontainsevidencethatwindfarmsareharmful,itwillhardlybeapleasantsurprisetopeoplewhodo not like them. Equally, supporters must argue their case byacknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are eithermisplacedorworthyofmuchatte
15、ntion.The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place toproduce an“acceptable”report suggests that the politics of coalitiongovernmentaredoingthecountryharminacertainway.Giventhesensitivitiesinvolved,alltheinformationshouldbeavailablesothatpeoplecanreachtheirownconclusions,ratherthanbeing
16、leftwiththesuspicion(猜疑猜疑)thatfactsarebeingreplacedbypoliticalbeliefs.Q:Whichofthefollowingreflectstheauthorsopinion?A.Increasepoliticalimpactonenergypolicy.B.Releaseastatementofsupportersonwindfarms.C.Letthenationjudgethefactsaboutwindpower.D.Leavethetwopartiestoreachtheirownconclusions.【解【解题思路】思路】
17、速速读文章文章,试找出相关的信息句找出相关的信息句,并并标出关出关键词:_尝试解答解答:_Wehavesomeadviceforthetwoparties:publishthereport,andletthecountrybethejudge.C【解【解题技巧】技巧】1.“忠于措辞忠于措辞”定定选项文文章章作作者者或或文文中中人人物物对某某事事物物所所持持的的观点点或或态度度往往往往隐含含在在文文章章的的字字里行里行间或流露于修或流露于修饰词之中之中,注意文中作者或人物的措辞。注意文中作者或人物的措辞。正正确确掌掌握握字字里里行行间所所隐含含或或流流露露的的意意思思,切切不不可可用用自自己己的
18、的观点点来来代代替作者或人物的替作者或人物的观点。点。留留意意那那些些描描写写所所处氛氛围的的语言言及及表表达达情情感感、态度度或或观点点的的词语或或句句子。子。结合合平平时所所积累累的的有有关关英英语国国家家的的文文化化传统、风俗俗习惯等等的的背背景景知知识来来进行合理的推断。行合理的推断。2.常常见命命题方式方式题干中一般有干中一般有attitude,opinion,think,believe,thinkabout等等词语。考点考点4目的意目的意图类【典例】【典例】(2014大大纲版全国卷版全国卷E片段片段).Afterprovinghecouldbecomeayoungherobysav
19、ingababyfrom a runaway car, Banks gets his first real task. He must makefriendswithapopulargirlatschool,NatalieConnors.Then,hemustspy on her father, a scientist who has developed a dangeroustechnology(技技术).BanksmuststopagroupofbadpeoplefromforcingNataliesfatherintousingthetechnologytoendangertheworl
20、d.TheCIAmayhavetaughthimfirst-classself-defencemoves,buttheydidntshowhimhowtotalktogirls.Bankshaszeroabilitywhenitcomestodealingwithgirls.Howcanhegetaroundhisproblemandgetaninvitationtothegirlsupcomingbirthdayparty?WillhefinallybecomeNataliesboyfriendandfindoutwhateverhecanaboutherfatherswork?Agent
21、Cody Bankshaseverythingthatyoungpeopleareinterestedin:bigexplosions,breath-takingperformancesandfunnygirl-datingexperiences.ItwaslistedNo.2intheAmericanboxofficelastweek.“Thisstoryisinterestingandfunforthewholefamilytoenjoy,andespeciallycoolforyoungboys,”saidPaulPerkins,afilmreviewerintheUS.Q:Whatis
22、thepurposeofthetext?A.MakingknowntheworkoftheCIA.B.Tellingthestoryaboutacoolboy.C.Showingthedarksideofscience.D.Introducinganewfilm.【解【解题思路】思路】速速读文章文章,结合文体特点合文体特点试找出相关的信息句并找出相关的信息句并标出与目的意出与目的意图有关有关的的词语:_尝试解答解答:_“Thisstoryisinterestingandfunforthewholefamilytoenjoy,andespeciallycoolforyoungboys,”said
23、PaulPerkins,afilmreviewerintheUS.D【解【解题技巧】技巧】1.“文体特点文体特点”求突破求突破记叙叙文文:一一般般会会在在首首段段或或尾尾段段呈呈现出出高高度度概概括括的的总结性性的的语言言,且且往往往有一定的哲理性往有一定的哲理性,所有的叙述都是所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开。哲理展开。广广告告类应用用文文:文文章章中中有有对某某种种物物品品或或服服务的的详尽尽介介绍,使使用用具具有有明明显支持支持倾向的向的语言。言。说明文明文:写作目的有写作目的有赖于于对文章主旨的把握文章主旨的把握,阅读时需要找准主需要找准主题句。句。议论文文:提提出出论点点进行行论证得得出
24、出结论,作作者者的的目目的的意意图往往往往隐含于最后一部分中。含于最后一部分中。2.常常见命命题方式方式题干中一般有干中一般有purpose,wanttotell,inorderto等等词语。考点考点5文章出文章出处或或读者者对象象类【典例】【典例】(2014安徽高考安徽高考A)PersonalRobotMakeyourparentsandteachershappy!Areyouhavingproblemsfinishingyourhomeworkontime?Doyouavoidtidyingyourroomuntilyourmomshoutsatyou?Youdontneedtoworry
25、ifyoubuyaMrHelpingHandpersonalrobot.MrHcanbeprogrammedtoorganizeyourhomework.Yourownpersonalrobotwillfollowyouaround,puttingawaybooksandobjectsthatyouhaveleftonthefloororbed.MrHalsohasthesefeatures(特点特点):weighsonly500gramsincludeslong-lastingbatteriescomeswitha5-yearguaranteerememberssimpleinstructi
26、onsOriginally(最初最初)soldfor$499NOWONLY$299BUYNOWWATCHCONTROLThisisawatchthatJamesBondwouldbeproudtowear!ThisisNOTawatchforordinarypeople!YourelectronicPENGOWATCHCONTROLactsasaremotecontrolforTVsandvideos.givesyouadailyweatherforecast.remindsyouwhentohandinyourhomework.setsoffasilentwarningalarmwhenpa
27、rentsorteachersarenear.Besides,yourPENGOWATCHCONTROLwillalwaystellyouthetimeaccurately!Originallysoldfor$199NOWONLY$99Forfurtherinformation,clickhere.Q:Wherewouldyoubemostlikelytofindthetwotexts?A.Onanoticeboard.B.Inacompanybrochure.C.Onateenagewebsite.D.Inacollegenewspaper.【解【解题思路】思路】速速读文章文章,结合文章合文
28、章语言特色言特色试找出最能体找出最能体现文章出文章出处的的专用用词汇_尝试解答解答:_BUYNOWForfurtherinformation,clickhere.C【解【解题技巧】技巧】1.“专用用词汇”做判断做判断考考生生本本身身要要具具备一一定定的的常常识,把把文文章章的的内内容容与与自自己己所所具具备的的常常识结合合起起来来做做出出正正确确的的判判断断。如如要要对报纸、杂志志、网网络、小小说、童童话、广广告告、说明明书、旅旅游游指指南南、药品品说明明、操操作作指指南南等等文文章章的的语言言特特色色,特特别是是其其专用用词汇有有基基本本的的了了解解,根根据据文文章章的的语言言特特色色和和其
29、其专用用词汇对号号入入座座,快速快速选出最佳答案。出最佳答案。2.常常见命命题方式方式Thepassagewouldprobablybefoundin_.Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom/outof_.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?【误区区纠偏】偏】具有下列特点的具有下列特点的选项不可作不可作为正确正确选项:1.原文明确提到的信息原文明确提到的信息,而不是需要考生而不是需要考生进行推断的信息。行推断的信息。2.语言表达正确言表达正确,却与却与题干要求或文章内容不相符。干要求或文章内容不相符。3.推理推理过于于绝对,结论过
30、于片面于片面,与生活常与生活常识明明显不相符。不相符。4.内容部分正确内容部分正确,部分部分错误。5.符合常符合常识,但文中没有信息支持。但文中没有信息支持。考点考点6篇章篇章结构构类【典例】【典例】(2015重重庆高考高考D)Therearemanyplacestogoonsafari(观赏野野生生动物物)inAfrica,but riding a horse through the flooded waters of BotswanasOkavangoDeltamustrankasoneoftheworldsmostexcitingwildlifejourneys.Several safa
31、ri camps operate as the base for this adventure,providinguniqueridestwiceadaytoexploredeepintothedelta.Thecampshaveexcellenthorses,professionalguidesandlotsofsupportworkers. They have a reputation for providing a great ridingexperience.Themorningride,whentheguidestakeyoutobeautiful,shallowlakesfullo
32、fwaterlilies,tendstobemoreactive.Itisunlikeanyotherriding experience. With rainbows forming in the splashing wateraroundyouandthesoundofhugedropsofwaterbouncingoffyourbodyandface,itistrulyexciting.Youareverylikelytocomeacrosslargewildanimals,too.Onhorsebackitispossibletogetquiteclosetoelephants,gira
33、ffesandmanyotheranimals.Thesenseofexcitementandtensionlevelsrisesuddenlythough,asdoesyourheartrate,asyoumoveclosertothem.Intheevening,ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace, with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and theanimalscomingouttoeatanddrink.Sedatethoughtheyare,ridesatthi
34、s time of day are still very impressive. As the suns rays passthroughthedustkickedupbythehorses,theromanceofAfricacomestolife.Backatthecampyoucankickoffyourbootsandenjoyexcellentfoodandwine.Lookingbackonyourday,youwillfindithardtodenythatahorsebacksafariisascloseasyouwillevercometoansweringthecallof
35、thewild.Q:TheauthorintroducedtheridingexperienceintheOkavangoDeltamainlyby_.A.followingspaceorderB.followingtimeorderC.makingclassificationsD.givingexamples【解【解题思路】思路】速速读文章文章,找出体找出体现作者写作思路的信息句并作者写作思路的信息句并标出关出关键词:_尝试解答解答:_Themorningride,whentheguidestakeyoutobeautiful,shallowlakesfullofwaterlilies,te
36、ndstobemoreactive.Intheevening,ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace,withgoldenlightstreamingacrossthegrassydeltaandtheanimalscomingouttoeatanddrink.Backatthecampyoucankickoffyourbootsandenjoyexcellentfoodandwine.B【解【解题技巧】技巧】1.“写作思路写作思路”辨辨结构构此此类题型型考考查在在理理解解全全文文的的基基础上上对所所描描述述事事件件的的发展展顺序序、所所说明
37、明事事物物的的结构构层次次或或在在论证观点点过程程中中使使用用的的论证方方法法进行行推推理理、分分析析、判判断断、总结的的能能力力。准准确确把把握握作作者者的的写写作作思思路路尤尤为重重要要。通通常常的的写写作作方方法法有有:按按事事件件发展展的的顺序序;按按时间的的先先后后顺序序;按按地地点点或或空空间转移移的的变换;按内容的按内容的总分关系分关系;按人物的活按人物的活动内容。内容。2.解解题步步骤一一读:通通读全全文文或或全全段段;二二想想:想想一一想想每每一一句句或或每每一一段段的的主主要要意意思思及及表表达达方方式式;三三归:把把一一些些内内容容相相同同或或关关系系密密切切的的段段落落
38、并并在在一一起起;四四选:选出符合篇章出符合篇章结构的正确答案。构的正确答案。3.常常见命命题方式方式Howisthetext/.paragraphorganized?Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby_.Thepassageismainlydevelopedintheorderof_.【文体链接】【文体链接】一、一、议论文的分文的分类1.立立论文文:以以议论为主主要要表表达达方方式式,通通过讲事事实、摆道道理理,直直接接表表达自己的达自己的观点和主点和主张的文章体裁。的文章体裁。(1)要要对论述的述的问题有正确的看法有正确的看法(2)用充足的有用充足的有说
39、服力的服力的论据据(3)要言之有理要言之有理,合乎合乎逻辑2.驳论文文:针对对方方的的观点点加加以以批批驳,在在批批驳的的同同时阐述述己己方方的的观点。点。(1)提出提出论点点(2)证明明论点点(3)总结论点点二、二、议论文的解文的解题技巧技巧1.紧扣扣文文章章的的论点点,论点点是是议论文文的的中中心心和和主主题,抓抓住住论点点就就抓抓住住了主了主题。2.理理解解文文章章的的论证过程程,明明确确作作者者所所使使用用的的论证方方法法是是归纳、类推和演推和演绎中的哪一种。中的哪一种。3.抓住抓住论证中表示因果、中表示因果、递进、转折等折等逻辑关系的信息关系的信息词。4.通通过作作者者使使用用的的表表达达赞同同、反反对等等感感情情色色彩彩的的形形容容词、副副词或或表达表达,辨辨别作者的立作者的立场和和态度。度。
