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1、一、句子结构的三种类型一、句子结构的三种类型： 1.简单句（简单句（Simple Sentence) 2.并列句（并列句（Compound Sentence) 3.(主从主从)复合句复合句 （Complex Sentence) (1)简单句的五大基本句型：简单句的五大基本句型： 主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语 主语主语 及物动词宾语及物动词宾语 主语不及物动词主语不及物动词 主语及物动词间宾直宾主语及物动词间宾直宾 主语及物动词宾语宾补主语及物动词宾语宾补 Her face turned red with anger. You can consider my suggestion. This
2、 kind of cloth sells well.He bought me a computer.He found the door locked.（2）并列句结构：）并列句结构： 简单句简单句+并列连词并列连词+简单句简单句（3）复合句：简单句）复合句：简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句 从句担当主句的一个句子成份。从句担当主句的一个句子成份。 可分为名词性从句、可分为名词性从句、定语从句定语从句和状语从句。和状语从句。 He has studied English for only one year, but he can read and write now. Keep on an
3、d you will make progress.三三.定语从句定语从句：从句的位置：从句的位置： 在先行词后在先行词后先行词先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词被定语从句修饰的词引导词引导词：引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词 关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词 引导词的作用：引导词的作用： (1)引导定语从句引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份在从句中作一成份 (3)所代替内容为先行词所代替内容为先行词引引 导导 词词关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词在定语从句中作在定语从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语主语或宾语主语或宾语宾语宾语宾语或主语宾语或主语定语定语时间时间地点地点原因原因状语状语状语状语状语状语
4、在从在从句中句中作宾作宾语可语可省去省去 先行词为先行词为whothatwhomwhichwhose人人物物/人人人人物物某人某人/某物的某物的WhenWherewhy 摘要摘要关系代词和关系副词的作用关系代词和关系副词的作用关系代词和关系副词的选择关系代词和关系副词的选择1.The reason _he missed the speech was that he forgot the time.2.The reason_he gave us sounded reasonable.3.Ill never forget the day _we spent together in Paris.4.
5、Ill remember the day_we stayed together at that time.5.This is the factory_we visited last year.6.This is the house _Lincoln once lived.RememberRemember: : 取决于他们在从句中作什么成份，而这又取决于取决于他们在从句中作什么成份，而这又取决于从句是否缺主要句子成分（从句是否缺主要句子成分（ 、 、 ），缺否则取决于），缺否则取决于( )( )。whythatwhichthatwhichwhenthatwhichwhere7.(1) He st
6、ill lives in the room _window faces to the south. (2) He still lives in the room _is in the north of the city. whosewhich8.(1)I will never forget the days _we studied together. (2)I will never forget the days _we spent together.whenthat 9.(1) The reason _he didnt come was that he was ill. (2) The re
7、ason _he explained is not true.whythat10.(1) We will meet at the place_we met last month. (2) We will meet at the place _we visited last month.wherethat 练一练练一练 who,that 指人时有区别吗？指人时有区别吗？1.用用who不用不用that的情况：的情况： 当先行词为当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those等人称代词时。等人称代词时。He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a
8、true man.Those who have difficulty with pronunciation should practice more.2. 用用that不用不用who的情况的情况： (1) 当先行词既有人又有物。当先行词既有人又有物。 (2)当句子已出现一个当句子已出现一个who。 （3）在定语从句中作表语时。）在定语从句中作表语时。He talked about the things and persons that he had remembered there.Who is the man that spoke to you just now?Mary is no lon
9、ger the girl that she used to be.which,thatwhich,that 指事物时指事物时有区别吗？有区别吗？1.只用只用thatthat不用不用which which 的情况的情况： (1)先行词为先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all等不定代词等不定代词 （2）先行词既是人又是物。）先行词既是人又是物。 （3）先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词）先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词。（4）先行词被）先行词被the very,the only,the last,any,every等修饰时等修饰时。All tha
10、t can be done has been done.He spoke of the things and persons that he had seen abroad.This is the very book that I am looking for.（5）关系代词在从句中作表语时）关系代词在从句中作表语时China is no longer the country that it used to be.This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.只能用只能用which which 的情况的情况: :2. 引导非限制性定语从
11、句只能用引导非限制性定语从句只能用which(1) The machine ,which I have looked after for many years ,is still working perfectly.(2)She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry.(3)He saw a film, which was about the Long March.(4)My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke.1.介词前
12、置时关系代词只能用介词前置时关系代词只能用which指事物指事物Remember:Which Remember:Which 在这两种情况下即使在句中作在这两种情况下即使在句中作宾语也不能省。宾语也不能省。介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词前置介词后作宾语的关系代词不能省，且只有前置介词后作宾语的关系代词不能省，且只有whom 和和which 。关系代词和关系副词的转换：关系代词和关系副词的转换：where,when,why =介词介词+which介词的选择介词的选择（1） （2）1.This is the reason _ _he left his hometown. (= )2.Ill neve
13、r forget the day_ _ we stayed together. (= )3.This is the girl _ _I learned the news.4.The person_ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about. 5.Ill show you a store_ _you may buy all that you need.(= )6.I dont like the way_ _ you laughed at her.( = )for whichon whichfrom whom to whomin
14、 whichin which难点解析：难点解析：关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：1.介词介词 + whomwhichThe woman general still remember the day on which she joined the army.2.介词介词 短语短语 + whichwhomThe fisherman lived in a small house in front of which lies a well. 3. 不定代词不定代词 或数词或数词 + of + whichwhomThere are many books here , none
15、of which belongs to me.China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Luxun.4. The 名词名词+ of which = _She mentioned a magazine,the title of which I have forgotten.=and she joined the army on that day =and a well lies in front of it.=and none of them belongs to me.=and one of them is Luxin=and I ha
16、ve forgotten the title of it 试试试试 看：看：1.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows,most of _had not been cleaned for at least one year.2.In the dark street, there was not a single person _ _she could turn for help.3.China has a lot of islands ,the largest_ _is Taiwan.4.The old lady had one son and
17、 two daughters,_ _ _treated her well, _made her very sad. 5.There are forty students in our class,_ _20 are girls; the rest are boys.whichtowhomofwhichnoneofwhomwhichofwhom基础巩固基础巩固 (Mistake correcting)1.Do you like the bike your friend gave it to you? 2.This is the very place where we visited many y
18、ears ago.3. There are ten students are playing basketball on the playground.4. English is a subject I am interested.5.Can you show me the book which have been translated into English by Smith?（多词）（多词）（错用引导词）（错用引导词） （漏引导词）（漏引导词）（漏介词）（漏介词）（主谓不一致）（主谓不一致）三三. 定语从句的类定语从句的类限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
19、。非限定从注意问题非限定从注意问题：1.His mother ,whom(?) he loved dearly,went abroad. 2.This machine ,which (?) he has looked after for many years , is still working perfectly.3.He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.说明说明：非限制性定语不能用非限制性定语不能用that 引导；引导； 作宾语用的关系代词不能省；作宾语用的关系代词不能省； 要用逗号隔开。要用逗号隔开。限
20、制性定语从句和非限性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限性定语从句你知道吗你知道吗? ?As As 也可以用来引导定语从句也可以用来引导定语从句.1.He is not such a man as only think of himself. 2.I should like to use the same pen as I used yesterday.3.Such problems as are often mentioned should be solved.4.I will read as many books as are required.5. Here is so big a stone
21、as no one can lift.当先行词与当先行词与as,so,such,the same as,so,such,the same 连用或先行词本身是连用或先行词本身是such,the such,the samesame时时, ,关系代词用关系代词用as. Asas. As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。请讨论请讨论：as ,which as ,which 引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句 有什么不同吗？有什么不同吗？1.which的先行词可以是名词或从句，的先行词可以是名词或从句，as不可。不可。 (1) The meeting, which was h
22、eld in the park,was a great success. (2) He said that he had never seen he before, which was not true.2.which和和as都可代替整个句子，但都可代替整个句子，但which引导的不在引导的不在 放句首。放句首。 (1)Crusos dog became ill and died ,which made him very lonely. (2)As we expected, Our football team lost the match again.3.as 引导的从句有引导的从句有(正如正
23、如),(就象就象)等含义等含义. (1)Taiwan is a part of China,as is known to us all. (2)She is very careful,as her work shows, (3)The lady is very learned,as is said in the book.定语从句和其它句型的转换定语从句和其它句型的转换1.定语从句和非谓语动词：定语从句和非谓语动词： (1)There are lots of good English programs which are broadcast on TV or the radio in Chin
24、a.-There are lots of good English programs _ on TV or the radio in China. (2)At one time there were long queues of people who were waiting outside the CAAC offices.-At one time there were long queues of people _ outside the CAAC offices.分析：分析：从句是主动形式，用现在分词从句是主动形式，用现在分词; ; 从句是被动形式，用过去从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者
25、看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰 词词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰 词之间是动宾词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；关系，用过去分词； broadcastwaiting2.定语从句和并列句定语从句和并列句 1. I saw some trees, and the leaves of the trees were black with disease. = I saw some trees, the leaves of _were black with disease. = _
26、 _ were black.2. The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of _there is a pair of glasses分析：分析：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键whichwhom3.定语从句和状语从句定语从句和状语从句 (1)This is such a big stone _no one can lift it. This is such a big stone _no one can lift. (2)Please put the lett
27、er in the drawer _ _he can easily find it.(=where) Please put the letter_he can easily find it. (3) Please put the letter in which he can easily find it. 这句子正确吗？这句子正确吗？分析分析：（1 1）句结果状语从句中的）句结果状语从句中的that that 是连词，在从句是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的asas在从句中要作一个在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。成分（主语，宾语或表语）。t
28、hatasin whichwhere4.定语从句和名词性从句定语从句和名词性从句 (1) He did all (that) he could to help me .(=what) (2) Whoever leave the room last will turn the lights.(= ) (3) _is known to us all, the earth turns round the sun. It is known to us all _Taiwan belongs to China. (4)_ is known to us all is that the earth is s
29、maller than the sun. (5)Taiwan belongs to China，which is a fact. AsthatWhat7.定语从句和强调句定语从句和强调句 (1) It is in this room _I lived last year. It is the room _I lived last year. (2) It was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning. It was seven oclock _he went to school this morning. 分析：分析：强调句句型：强调句
30、句型：It is/was +It is/was +被强调的成份被强调的成份+that/who +that/who +其它部分去掉其它部分去掉 It is/was.that/who , It is/was.that/who ,句子照样成立。句子照样成立。(1) I (1) I lived in this room last year. (2) He went to school at lived in this room last year. (2) He went to school at seven this morning.seven this morning.而定语从句的引导词在句中要作
31、一成份。而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。thatwherethatwhen8.定语从句和同位语从句定语从句和同位语从句 (1)The news _our volleyball team won the match made us excited. (2)The news _he told me yesterday is exciting. 分析分析：thatthat在在同位语从句中不充当任何成份，从句用来说明前同位语从句中不充当任何成份，从句用来说明前面抽象名词的具体内容，在从句中不可省去，也不可用面抽象名词的具体内容，在从句中不可省去，也不可用which which 替替代。代。That
32、/which That/which 引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时可引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时可省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。thatthat/which高考命题导向高考命题导向：1.Word came _ their army was defeated. A. that B. which C. who D. what2.The film brought the hours back to me _I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A.until B.whi
33、ch C. when D.where3.Treat others in the way _ you want to be treated. A. that B. which C. how D. where4.Carol said the work would be done by October,_personally I doubt very much. A.it B.that C. when D.whichAsCAD5.After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town _he grew up as a
34、child. A. which B. where C.that D. when6.The weather turned to be very good,_ was more than we could expect. A.what B.which C.that D. it7.In the dark street , there was not a single person _she could turn for help. A. that B.who C. from whom D. to whom8. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. whichBBDDThank you!Thank you! Good bye!Good bye!
