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1、1Part 2 Verb-ing form as a noun2表语表语主语主语宾语宾语动动名名词词定语定语31. 动名词的句法功能动名词的句法功能: 动名词由动词加动名词由动词加ing构成构成, 与现在分词的形式相同。动与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用名词主要起名词作用, 在句中担任主在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。语、表语、宾语和定语。Seeing is believing. (眼见为实眼见为实)Collecting stamps is a good hobby. 4 作主语作主语, 可以直接放在句首可以直接放在句首, 但在某些但在某些习惯表达法中也可以用先行代词习惯表达法中也
2、可以用先行代词it作为作为形式主语形式主语, 而把动名词后置而把动名词后置, 如如:It is no use (good) + 动名词动名词:做某事没用做某事没用(不好不好) Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收覆水难收)Its no good smoking in public.5His hobby is collecting stamps.可改为可改为: Collecting stamps is his hobby. Cf. He is collecting stamps. (is collecting是谓语动词进行时，此句为是谓语动词进行时，此
3、句为SVO结构结构)不能改为不能改为: Collecting stamps is he. 作表语作表语: 通常是说明主语的内容通常是说明主语的内容, 注注 意它与谓语动词进行时的区别意它与谓语动词进行时的区别6I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A.working; stopping B. to work; stopping B.C. working; to stop C.D. To work; to stop7He got well-prepared
4、for the job interview, for he could not risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost8- There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.- My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old. A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been 9作宾语作宾语A. 作及物动词的宾语作及物动词的宾语(st
5、and, admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, understand, avoid, enjoy, practise, miss, finish, keep, suggest, appreciate, escape, miss, risk, deny, allow, forbid等等)10I like swimming but I dont like to swim in winter. I prefer to drive rather than to be driven. I prefer driving to riding.11Ti
6、ps:有些动词有些动词 (continue, prefer,begin, hate, like, start, love)后面既可以接不后面既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语, 意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性指一般的倾向性, 用不定式则表示特定用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。或具体某一种动作。12When asked by police, he said that he remembered _ at he party, but not _.A. to arrive, leaving B. to arr
7、ive, to leave C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave13有些动词有些动词, 如如forget, remember, regret等等, 后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作，不定式表示的动作后于语动词动作，不定式表示的动作后于谓语动词。谓语动词。14B. 作介词的宾语作介词的宾语 The president spoke at the businessmeeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes. A. bringing up B. referring to
8、C. looking for D. trying on15be used to doing 习惯于做习惯于做; look forward to doing 盼望做盼望做; devote ones life to doing 致力于做致力于做; spend time (in) doing 花时间做花时间做; be fond of doing 喜爱做喜爱做; be good at doing 擅长做擅长做; be proud of doing 为做为做而自豪而自豪; be tired of doing 对做对做感到厌倦感到厌倦; feel like doing 欲想做欲想做; lead to导致导
9、致; insist on坚持要做坚持要做; object反对反对; succeed/be successful in 成功地做了成功地做了16go on doing 继续做继续做(原来的事原来的事); keep on doing 不停地做不停地做; what about doing 做做怎么样怎么样; think of doing 考虑考虑做做; be interested in doing 对做对做感兴趣感兴趣; have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 做某事有困难做某事有困难; be busy (in) doing 忙于忙于做做; instead o
10、f doing 做做而不做而不做17Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _ jokes.A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up18 作定语作定语动名词可作前置定语动名词可作前置定语, 表示所修饰的表示所修饰的词的用途或目的词的用途或目的, 可用可用for改写改写;而现在而现在分词作定语时分词作定语时, 可用定语从句改写。可用定语从句改写。swimming pool, waiting room, walking sticka
11、 sleeping car =a car for sleepinga sleeping child=a child who is sleeping19 Thats the queens full-time job, laying eggs. 这就是蚁后的专职工作这就是蚁后的专职工作产卵。产卵。 作同位语作同位语20 人称代词做逻辑主语时应用所有格人称代词做逻辑主语时应用所有格, 即形容词性物主代词。即形容词性物主代词。 He was awakened by someone knocking at the door. Theres no need for that being done. 逻辑主
12、语是不定代词或指示代词时逻辑主语是不定代词或指示代词时, 很少用所有格很少用所有格, 而用普通格。而用普通格。2. 2. 动名词的逻辑主语动名词的逻辑主语Do you mind my smoking here?21 逻逻辑辑主主语语是是名名词词时时, 用用所所有有格格, 但但是是如如果果名名词词为为无无生生命命物物体体时时，则则用用普普通格。通格。Marys laughing made Tom angry.There is no hope of the factory making profit.22 在口语中在口语中, 动名词如果不在句首，动名词如果不在句首，可以用名词普通格或人称代词宾格可
13、以用名词普通格或人称代词宾格作逻辑主语。作逻辑主语。I really cant understand _ her like that. A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating233. 动名词的完成式动名词的完成式(having done)、一般、一般式被动式被动(being done)和完成式被动和完成式被动(having been done)。After having finished his work, he went home. He attended the meeting without being aske
14、d. She never told me about her having been interviewed by the police.24习题演练习题演练1. I have a very important meeting to attend. (P8)考点考点 动词不定式作定语。动词不定式作定语。考例考例 The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008. A.hold B. holding B.C. held D. to be held25点拨点拨 选选D。根据。根据in 2008可知要用表可知要用
15、表将来的时态；将来的时态；the 29th Olympic Games和和hold之间是被动关系，故答之间是被动关系，故答案应选案应选D。动词不定式被动语态作后。动词不定式被动语态作后置定语，表示将来和被动两重含义。置定语，表示将来和被动两重含义。262. Although I have fun with my online friends, I know that my real friends are more important than my online friends. (P11)考点考点 although引导让步状语从句，意引导让步状语从句，意为为“虽然虽然；尽管；尽管”。27考
16、例考例 _ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although点拨点拨 选选D。although引导让步状语从句，引导让步状语从句，表示表示“虽然虽然”，本句句意为：虽然这位，本句句意为：虽然这位老工人在技术知识方面很有限，但他有丰老工人在技术知识方面很有限，但他有丰富的经验。上下句子为转折关系。其他几富的经验。上下句子为转折关系。其他几个连词个连词since（既然（既然），），unless（除非）（除非），as（当（当时
17、；因为时；因为）在此与句子）在此与句子的逻辑意义不符。的逻辑意义不符。28考点点拨考点点拨 考例回顾考例回顾1. 考点考点 动词不定式作主语。动词不定式作主语。考例考例 It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness _. A to makeB to be madeC makingD being made29点拨点拨 选选B。本题考查结构。本题考查结构It takes / took (sb.) + 一段时间一段时间 + to do sth. （某人）花（某人）花费时间做某事。题中费时间做某事
18、。题中connection与与make之间为动宾关系，所以用不定式的被动之间为动宾关系，所以用不定式的被动语态。语态。302. 考点考点 动词不定式作宾语。动词不定式作宾语。用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：用动词不定式作宾语的动词有： agree, fail, offer, prepare, refuse, seek, struggle, demand, decide, promise, determine, expect, intend, learn, manage, mean, prefer, pretend等。等。31考例考例 China has promised to revise its
19、 existing regulations and _ new policies according to WTO requirements.A. formingB. to formC. to be formingD. have formed点拨点拨 选选B。动词不定式。动词不定式to form new policies和和to revise its existing regulations并列作并列作promise的宾语。的宾语。323. 考点考点 动词不定式作补足语。动词不定式作补足语。考例考例 I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a y
20、ear. A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed 点拨点拨 选选C。to follow为不定式短语作补为不定式短语作补语修饰语修饰the rest。334. 考点考点 动词不定式作表语。动词不定式作表语。 考例考例 It remains _ whether Jimll be fit enough to play in the finals. A. seenB. to be seen C. seeing D. to see点拨点拨 选选B。remain为系动词，后接不定为系动词，后接不定式作表语。根据句子结构可知，式作表语。根据句子结
21、构可知，it为形式为形式主语，主语，whether从句为真正的主语。根据从句为真正的主语。根据句意句意“Jim是否适合打决赛还有待观望是否适合打决赛还有待观望”可可知应用不定式的被动语态。知应用不定式的被动语态。345. 考点考点 动词不定式作状语。动词不定式作状语。考例考例1 When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. A. trainingB. being trainedC. to have trainedD. to be trained点拨点拨 选选D。作目的状语时用不定式而不
22、。作目的状语时用不定式而不用分词，故排除用分词，故排除A、B两项；另外，两项；另外，he承承受受train这一动作，应用被动语态，故这一动作，应用被动语态，故D项项正确。正确。 35考例考例2 He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told点拨点拨 选选B。only to表示意想不到的结果。表示意想不到的结果。不定式常表目的，但不定式常表目的，但“only + 不定式不定式”则则指出人意料的结果。句意为
23、：他匆匆去指出人意料的结果。句意为：他匆匆去了订票处，却被告知票已售光。了订票处，却被告知票已售光。366 考点考点 不带不带to 的动词不定式。的动词不定式。考例考例 Excuse me sir, where is Room 301? Just a minute. Ill have Bob _ you to your room. A. showB. showsC. to showD. showing点拨点拨 选选A。have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事。让某人做某事。D项表示动作正在进行，不符合句意。项表示动作正在进行，不符合句意。371. With Fathers Day aro
24、und the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad. (2010大纲全国卷大纲全国卷I)A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. to have bought本单元的重点语法是动词不定式和起名本单元的重点语法是动词不定式和起名词作用的词作用的V-ing形式，以下为相关练习：形式，以下为相关练习：382. With the plane _ in ten minutes, all the passengers on board were asked to turn off their
25、 mobile phones.A. taken offB. taking offC. to take off D. would take off393. After talking to him on the phone, I wondered who he would get _ the car for me.A. to repairB. repairC. repairedD. repairing404. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _.A. have survivedB. survive
26、C. would surviveD. are to survive415. A number of paintings in the castle (城堡城堡) are believed _ in a fire.A. being destroyedB. having been destroyedC. to be destroyedD. to have been destroyed426. Where is my passport? I remember _ it here.You shouldnt have left it here. Remember _ it with you all th
27、e time.A. to put; to take B. putting; takingC. putting; to takeD. to put; taking437. I dont know how I could possibly manage _ the work without _.A. finish; helpingB. to finish; being helpedC. finishing; helpingD. finishing; being helped448. It is no use _ to persuade him _ a holiday because he is too busy these days.A. trying; to have B. to try; to haveC. to try; haveD. trying; have4546
