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1、Passage Twol l Before Before MokoMoko the dolphin turned up, the beached whales were the dolphin turned up, the beached whales were in clear distress. But when in clear distress. But when MokoMoko arrived at arrived at MahiaMahia beach on beach on the east coast of New Zealands North Island, their m
2、ood the east coast of New Zealands North Island, their mood changed and they followed him to safety.changed and they followed him to safety.l lThe ability of some animals to communicate is well known. The ability of some animals to communicate is well known. What is less well documented, however, is
3、 the communication What is less well documented, however, is the communication between species. Justin Gregg, vice president of the Dolphin between species. Justin Gregg, vice president of the Dolphin Communication Project, said it is possible that a dolphin and a Communication Project, said it is p
4、ossible that a dolphin and a whale could communicate in some way. But it wouldnt be whale could communicate in some way. But it wouldnt be instructions like Hey, buddy, the open ocean is over here. instructions like Hey, buddy, the open ocean is over here. Follow me, he says. Follow me, he says. l l
5、Dolphins use three forms of signaling to other dolphins-Dolphins use three forms of signaling to other dolphins-whistles, clicking and postures. A whale might have signals in whistles, clicking and postures. A whale might have signals in common with a dolphin, just as different species of dolphins c
6、ommon with a dolphin, just as different species of dolphins are known to share signals which might theoretically allow a are known to share signals which might theoretically allow a form of basic interspecies communication. But just as its form of basic interspecies communication. But just as its po
7、ssible that possible that MokoMoko the dolphin and the stranded whales the dolphin and the stranded whales shared a signal, it is also possible that the whales just saw a shared a signal, it is also possible that the whales just saw a vaguely similar creature and followed it. vaguely similar creatur
8、e and followed it. l lThere are many reasons why different species There are many reasons why different species communicate, says Vincent communicate, says Vincent JanikJanik, lecturer at the , lecturer at the Sea Mammal Research Unit at St Andrews Sea Mammal Research Unit at St Andrews University.U
9、niversity.l lThe animals exploit the systems of others for The animals exploit the systems of others for their own benefits. Sometimes the benefits are their own benefits. Sometimes the benefits are the same for each, therefore they share the same for each, therefore they share information. Sometime
10、s they are trying to take information. Sometimes they are trying to take advantage of the other. Getting food may not be advantage of the other. Getting food may not be to the advantage of the one giving up the food. to the advantage of the one giving up the food. l l1.Read the 1st paragraph and do
11、Ex 24.1.Read the 1st paragraph and do Ex 24.l l2.Read the 2nd paragraph and do Ex 252.Read the 2nd paragraph and do Ex 25l l3. Read the 3rd paragraph and do Ex 263. Read the 3rd paragraph and do Ex 26l l4. Read the 4th paragraph and do Ex 274. Read the 4th paragraph and do Ex 27l l5. Read the 5th pa
12、ragraph and do Ex 285. Read the 5th paragraph and do Ex 28l l6.Paraphrase sentence by sentence and explain 6.Paraphrase sentence by sentence and explain the important words and expressions and long the important words and expressions and long and difficult sentences.and difficult sentences.l l7.Chec
13、k the exercises. 7.Check the exercises. 一一 Steps:二 Exercises:l l (24) What happened after (24) What happened after MokoMoko the dolphin the dolphin appeared at appeared at MahiaMahia beach? beach?l lA. The beached whales still felt distressful. B. A. The beached whales still felt distressful. B. Mok
14、oMoko led the whales back to the sea. led the whales back to the sea.l lC. The whales were still stuck on the beach. D. C. The whales were still stuck on the beach. D. MokoMoko and the whales swam together ashore. and the whales swam together ashore.l l 答案答案 B B。l l 解析解析 细节题细节题. .根据第一段最后一句的根据第一段最后一句
15、的 their mood their mood changed and they followed him to safetychanged and they followed him to safety它们的它们的情绪发生了变化并跟它到了安全地带，说明是情绪发生了变化并跟它到了安全地带，说明是MokoMoko领着搁浅的鲸鱼回到大海，否则它们会死在领着搁浅的鲸鱼回到大海，否则它们会死在岸边。岸边。l l (25) Scientists engaged in animal studies have (25) Scientists engaged in animal studies have co
16、llected_.collected_.l lA. enough data on how animals speak human languagesA. enough data on how animals speak human languagesl lB. none of the data on animals ability to communicateB. none of the data on animals ability to communicatel lC. less data on how animals communicate between C. less data on
17、 how animals communicate between speciesspeciesl lD. some data on animals tendency to talk to humansD. some data on animals tendency to talk to humansl l 答案答案 C C。l l 解析解析 语义理解题。第二段中语义理解题。第二段中“ “What is less well What is less well documented, however, is the communication between documented, however
18、, is the communication between species. species. 然而物种之间沟通的知识没有全部备案可查。然而物种之间沟通的知识没有全部备案可查。” ”是是依据，说明记载的信息很少。依据，说明记载的信息很少。l l (26)Dolphins communicate with one another, (26)Dolphins communicate with one another, using all the following types of signaling using all the following types of signaling EXCE
19、PT EXCEPT . .l lA. gestures B. whistles C. clicking A. gestures B. whistles C. clicking D. posturesD. posturesl l 答案答案 A A。l l 解析解析 细节题。第三段第一句话细节题。第三段第一句话“ “Dolphins use Dolphins use three forms of signaling to other dolphins-three forms of signaling to other dolphins-whistles, clicking and postures
20、. whistles, clicking and postures. 海豚之间有三种海豚之间有三种打招呼的信号打招呼的信号-哨音，拍打声和姿势。哨音，拍打声和姿势。” ”没有提到没有提到gestures, gestures, 所以此为真确选项。所以此为真确选项。l l(27) The whales stranded on the beach followed the (27) The whales stranded on the beach followed the dolphin to safety probably because dolphin to safety probably be
21、cause . .l lA. they understood the dolphins instruction Follow meA. they understood the dolphins instruction Follow mel lB. they had signals in common with one anotherB. they had signals in common with one anotherl lC. they recognized some other animals not far awayC. they recognized some other anim
22、als not far awayl lD. they shared those inter-species signals with the D. they shared those inter-species signals with the dolphindolphinl l 答案答案 D D。l l 解析解析 细节题。根据第三段最后一句话细节题。根据第三段最后一句话“ “MokoMoko the dolphin the dolphin and the stranded whales shared a signal. and the stranded whales shared a sig
23、nal. MokoMoko海豚可能海豚可能和搁浅的鲸鱼共享一种信号和搁浅的鲸鱼共享一种信号” ”说明他们共享信号。说明他们共享信号。 l l (28) Why do animals of different species communicate with one (28) Why do animals of different species communicate with one another?another?l lA. Because they like to set up their own communication systems.A. Because they like to
24、 set up their own communication systems.l lB. Because they want to take advantage of the other species.B. Because they want to take advantage of the other species.l lC. Because they tend to keep more food to themselves.C. Because they tend to keep more food to themselves.l lD. Because they benefit f
25、rom using the information from other D. Because they benefit from using the information from other species.species.l l 答案答案 D D。l l 解析解析 最后一段的最后一段的“ “The animals exploit the systems of others for their The animals exploit the systems of others for their own benefits. Sometimes the benefits are the s
26、ame for each, own benefits. Sometimes the benefits are the same for each, therefore they share information.therefore they share information.一种动物利用对自己有好处其他类一种动物利用对自己有好处其他类动物的系统。有时对它们都有好处，所以它们共享信息。动物的系统。有时对它们都有好处，所以它们共享信息。” ”说明物种间说明物种间能共享有利的信息。能共享有利的信息。三三 Important words and expressions.l (1)Moko 地名 乍
27、得 莫科lMahia 地名 新西兰 马希亚l(2).dolphin n. 海豚l l(3).beach(3).beach：n. n. 海滩；海滨海滩；海滨l le.g.:1.Mike awoke to find that he was lying on the beach. e.g.:1.Mike awoke to find that he was lying on the beach. 迈克一觉醒来发现自己躺在海滩上。迈克一觉醒来发现自己躺在海滩上。l l2. A bevy of bathing beauties appeared on the beach. 2. A bevy of bat
28、hing beauties appeared on the beach. 沙沙滩上出现了一群游泳的美女。滩上出现了一群游泳的美女。l lV.V.（船等）搁浅（船等）搁浅 l le.g.1.We beached the canoe, running it right up the e.g.1.We beached the canoe, running it right up the bank.bank.我们把独木舟径直划到岸边，并拖上岸。我们把独木舟径直划到岸边，并拖上岸。l l2.The boat beached on a mud flat.2.The boat beached on a mu
29、d flat.船搁浅在一片淤泥滩船搁浅在一片淤泥滩上。上。l l3.Experts are unable to explain why the whales beached 3.Experts are unable to explain why the whales beached themselves.themselves.l l专家们无法解释为什么这些鲸会搁浅在海滩上专家们无法解释为什么这些鲸会搁浅在海滩上 。l l (3)in distress (3)in distress 表示在痛苦中，在困境中表示在痛苦中，在困境中l le.g.1While a ship is in distress
30、, rescuing passengers e.g.1While a ship is in distress, rescuing passengers from danger is a heroic action. from danger is a heroic action. l l当船遇险时，营救乘客脱离危险是一种英勇的行为。当船遇险时，营救乘客脱离危险是一种英勇的行为。l l2.She cried in 2.She cried in distress,ohdistress,oh, Emil, why did you do?, Emil, why did you do?她忧伤她忧伤地惊叫道
31、：地惊叫道：“ “哦哦, ,爱弥儿爱弥儿, ,你为什么这样做？你为什么这样做？” ”l l3.He had no right to abandon his Commander-In-Chief in 3.He had no right to abandon his Commander-In-Chief in distress.distress.他无权置总司令于危难之中而不顾。他无权置总司令于危难之中而不顾。l l4.The news story was headlined Actress in Distress.4.The news story was headlined Actress in
32、 Distress.那那篇新闻报导加上了篇新闻报导加上了 苦恼中的女演员苦恼中的女演员 的标题。的标题。l l5.He was ready to lend a helping hand to anyone in 5.He was ready to lend a helping hand to anyone in distress. distress. 什么人有难，他都乐于帮助。什么人有难，他都乐于帮助。l l (4)mood n. (4)mood n. 心情；语气；气氛；坏心境心情；语气；气氛；坏心境l lin bad mood in bad mood 心情不好心情不好 black mood
33、black mood 情绪低落情绪低落 just a mood just a mood 只不过只不过是一种风格是一种风格l le.g.:1.Watch your step; the boss is in a particularly bad mood. e.g.:1.Watch your step; the boss is in a particularly bad mood. 你要你要小心点，老板今天情绪特别不好。小心点，老板今天情绪特别不好。l l2.She laughed her good mood when she saw her mother. 2.She laughed her g
34、ood mood when she saw her mother. 她看到母她看到母亲时，以笑表示了她愉快的心情。亲时，以笑表示了她愉快的心情。l l3.After a day of air and activity, you should be in the mood for a 3.After a day of air and activity, you should be in the mood for a good meal.good meal.l l你在户外活动了一天，应该很想好好吃一顿。你在户外活动了一天，应该很想好好吃一顿。l l4.He was in no mood to ce
35、lebrate.4.He was in no mood to celebrate.他没心情庆祝他没心情庆祝l l5.I am in no mood not in the mood for joking to joke.5.I am in no mood not in the mood for joking to joke.我没有心思开我没有心思开玩笑。玩笑。l l6.The mood of the meeting was against him.6.The mood of the meeting was against him.大会的气氛是反对他的。大会的气氛是反对他的。l l (6)the
36、ability to do (6)the ability to do sthsth. .做某事的能力做某事的能力l lhave the ability to dohave the ability to do能够做，有能力做能够做，有能力做：l lability to repay the loan ability to repay the loan 偿贷能力偿贷能力l le.g.1She lacked the ability to adapt easily. e.g.1She lacked the ability to adapt easily. 她缺少适应能她缺少适应能力。力。l l2.The
37、 ability to use a language can be acquired by the 2.The ability to use a language can be acquired by the act of using the language. act of using the language. l l运用语言的能力，只能通过不断练习才能获得运用语言的能力，只能通过不断练习才能获得l l3.He has the ability to bring out the best in others. 3.He has the ability to bring out the bes
38、t in others. 他能做他能做到扬人之长。到扬人之长。l l4.She has the ability to keep calm in an emergency. 4.She has the ability to keep calm in an emergency. 她有她有处变不惊的本事。处变不惊的本事。l (7)species ：n. 物种；（单复数同形）le.g.1.Pandas are an endangered species.熊猫是濒危物种。l2.here are several thousand species of trees here.这里有几千种树。lintersp
39、ecies种间l (8)be documented：提供证明文件le.g.1.The book is highly documented. l这本书记录了大量史实。l2.The harmful effects of caffeine had long been documented in textbooks. l咖啡因的有害作用早已见诸教科书。l (9)in some way 以某种方式 le.g.:1.It seems to me we ought to celebrate this occasion in some way. l我认为我们应该用什么方法庆祝这件大事。l2.I hope I
40、can in some way return the favor. 盼望我能对你的恩惠有所报答。l3.We may be able to help you in some way. 我们也许能在某种程度上帮助你。l (10)clicking ； (使)发出咔嗒声le.g.:1.You can check your email with a click of your mouse.鼠标轻轻一点，即可查看电子邮件。l (11)postures ：le.g.:1.You can make your stomach look flatter instantly by improving your po
41、sture.l通过采取更好的坐姿，你的腹部马上就会看起来平坦一些。l2.Exercise, fresh air, and good posture are all helpful.l锻炼、新鲜空气和好的坐立姿势都很有益。l (12)have in common withle.g.:1.Such interspecies devotion will soon stretch beyond the grave. l不同物种间的这种亲情很快便会超过死亡的界限了。l l (13)Theoretically adv. (13)Theoretically adv. 理论地，理论上理论地，理论上l le.g
42、.:1.Its theoretically possible, but highly e.g.:1.Its theoretically possible, but highly unlikely ever to happen. unlikely ever to happen. l l这从理论上说是有可能的，但是基本上不会发生。这从理论上说是有可能的，但是基本上不会发生。 l l2. Theoretically, a line can extend into infinity. 2. Theoretically, a line can extend into infinity. l l从理论上来
43、说直线可以无限地延伸。从理论上来说直线可以无限地延伸。 l l3.Ill explain how it works theoretically. 3.Ill explain how it works theoretically. 我将解释我将解释它在理论上如何运作。它在理论上如何运作。l (14)strand . vt. 使滞留，使搁浅；使陷于困境 le.g.:1.The climbers had been stranded by a storm.登山者被暴风雨困住了。l2.The airport had to be closed, stranding tourists.机场被迫关闭，造成游客
44、滞留。l l (15)Lecturer(15)Lecturer； n. n. （大学或学院中的）讲课者，（大学或学院中的）讲课者，授课者，（英美大学中的）讲师；演讲者授课者，（英美大学中的）讲师；演讲者 l l助教助教 Teaching Assistant Teaching Assistant 讲师讲师 lecturer lecturer 家教家教 TutorTutorl le.g.:1.The lecturer is booked for every night of e.g.:1.The lecturer is booked for every night of the week. the
45、 week. 这位讲演人本星期每晚都有预约。这位讲演人本星期每晚都有预约。 l l2. The lecturer spouted for hours. 2. The lecturer spouted for hours. 讲师滔滔不绝讲师滔滔不绝地讲了几个小时。地讲了几个小时。 l l3. The lecturer tried to settle the audience down. 3. The lecturer tried to settle the audience down. 那位演讲者试图让听众静下来。那位演讲者试图让听众静下来。 l (16)take full advantage
46、of 占的便宜；欺骗；捉弄le.g.:1.I intend to take full advantage of this trip to buy the things we need.l我打算充分利用这次旅行来购买我们所需的物品。l2.She took advantage of him even after they were divorced.l甚至在他们离婚后，她还在占他的便宜。l l (17)turn up(17)turn up出现；（尤指失去后偶然）被发现出现；（尤指失去后偶然）被发现; ;出现，来到出现，来到 l le.g.:1. He didnt turn up until hal
47、f an hour later. e.g.:1. He didnt turn up until half an hour later. 半小时后他才出现。半小时后他才出现。 l l2. He caught a packet from me when he did turn up. 2. He caught a packet from me when he did turn up. 他一露面就被我他一露面就被我狠狠训了一顿。狠狠训了一顿。 l l3. My children turn up their noses at fresh vegetables. 3. My children turn
48、up their noses at fresh vegetables. 我的孩子对新我的孩子对新鲜蔬菜根本看不上。鲜蔬菜根本看不上。 l l4. He is waiting for something good to turn up. 4. He is waiting for something good to turn up. 他正期待着情况好转。他正期待着情况好转。 l l( (常指出其不意地或经长久等待后常指出其不意地或经长久等待后) )出现，到来，露面出现，到来，露面 l le.g.:1.Richard had turned up on Christmas Eve with Tonye
49、.g.:1.Richard had turned up on Christmas Eve with Tony。理查德和。理查德和托尼在圣诞夜一道露面了。托尼在圣诞夜一道露面了。l l2.This is similar to waiting for a bus that never turns up.2.This is similar to waiting for a bus that never turns up.l l这就跟等待一辆永远等不到的公共汽车差不多。这就跟等待一辆永远等不到的公共汽车差不多。四四 Analysis of long and difficult sentencesl l
50、A whale might have signals in common with a dolphin, A whale might have signals in common with a dolphin, just as different species of dolphins are known to share just as different species of dolphins are known to share signals which might theoretically allow a form of basic signals which might theo
51、retically allow a form of basic interspecies communication.interspecies communication.l l此句是一主从复合句。主句为此句是一主从复合句。主句为a whale might have signals a whale might have signals in common with a dolphin, in common with a dolphin, 而而just as different species of just as different species of dolphins are known
52、to share signals which might dolphins are known to share signals which might theoretically allow a form of basic interspecies theoretically allow a form of basic interspecies communicationcommunication引导方式状语从句，引导方式状语从句，asas为为“ “如如” ”,“ ,“像像” ”的意思；的意思；在方式状语从句中在方式状语从句中which might theoretically allow a
53、 form which might theoretically allow a form of basic interspecies communicationof basic interspecies communication为为signalssignals这一名词的这一名词的定语从句。定语从句。五五 Translation:l l在在MokoMoko海豚出现前，搁浅遇险的鲸鱼明显地处于海豚出现前，搁浅遇险的鲸鱼明显地处于困境中。但当莫科到达新西兰北岛玛希亚沙滩东困境中。但当莫科到达新西兰北岛玛希亚沙滩东海岸时，它们的情绪发生了变化并跟它到了安全海岸时，它们的情绪发生了变化并跟它到了安全地
54、带。地带。l l一些动物沟通的能力是众所周知的。然而物种之一些动物沟通的能力是众所周知的。然而物种之间沟通的知识没有全部备案可查。贾斯廷格雷格，间沟通的知识没有全部备案可查。贾斯廷格雷格，他是海豚沟通项目的副总裁，他说海豚和鲸能用他是海豚沟通项目的副总裁，他说海豚和鲸能用某种方式交流，这是可能的。某种方式交流，这是可能的。“ “但它不会是但它不会是 嘿，伙嘿，伙计，公海在这里。跟我走。计，公海在这里。跟我走。” ” 的命令话语。的命令话语。 他说。他说。l l海豚之间有三种打招呼的信号海豚之间有三种打招呼的信号-哨音，拍打声和姿势。鲸哨音，拍打声和姿势。鲸与海豚可能在信号方面有共性，正如人们所
55、知不同种类的与海豚可能在信号方面有共性，正如人们所知不同种类的海豚被能共享信号，理论上它们可能允许某种形式基本物海豚被能共享信号，理论上它们可能允许某种形式基本物种间的交流。而只是因为种间的交流。而只是因为MOkoMOko海豚可能和搁浅的鲸鱼共海豚可能和搁浅的鲸鱼共享一种信号，也可能是鲸鱼只看到一个模糊长相相似的生享一种信号，也可能是鲸鱼只看到一个模糊长相相似的生物于是就跟着它了。物于是就跟着它了。l l来自圣安得烈大学海洋哺乳动物研究单位的文森雅尼克讲来自圣安得烈大学海洋哺乳动物研究单位的文森雅尼克讲师说为什么不同物种间能沟通原因有很多的。师说为什么不同物种间能沟通原因有很多的。“ “一种动物一种动物利用对自己有好处其他类动物的系统。有时对它们都有好利用对自己有好处其他类动物的系统。有时对它们都有好处，所以它们共享信息。有时他们试图利用其他动物。获处，所以它们共享信息。有时他们试图利用其他动物。获取食物可能不能获得好处而放弃食物却会。取食物可能不能获得好处而放弃食物却会。” ”
