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1、 Figures of Speech of L5The Libido for the UglyPresented by ZENG YAO2012/11/30The author paint a verbal picture of the industrial town by bombastic(言过其实的) and acid tongue.Extensive derogatory words.Two devices employed to depict the derogatory imagery (贬损性的意象贬损性的意象) : A blend of intensive figures of
2、 speechTheme: The innate love of ugliness in US is a pathological(病态的病态的) problem. dreadful, hideous, bleak, appalling, forlorn, revolting, macabre, monstrousness, leprous, misshapen, dingy, loathsome, obscene, putrid, ghastly, leprous, uremic, eczematousRhetorical Devices HyperboleSarcasm, Ridicule
3、 and IronyAntithetical contrastSpeech ContentsThe author makes full use of figures of speech to create nauseating(恶心的恶心的) and dreadful images to reinforce his verbal attack.Metaphor and SimileSome other Rhetorical Devices mentioned in the article:Speech ContentsParallelism repetitionRhetorical quest
4、ion InversionSynecdoche 提喻提喻transferred epithet (Para 1) “the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth”(Para 1) “Here was wealth .disgraced a race of ally cats.（流浪猫）（流浪猫）”(Para 2) “The unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer（全然的）（全然的） revolting monstrousness of every
5、house in sight.”(Para 4) “they have the most loathsome（令人厌恶的）（令人厌恶的） towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye.”(Para 5) “It is as if some titanic and aberrant（异变的）（异变的）genius, uncompromisingly Inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity（精巧）（精巧） of Hell to the making of them.”A momentous buildin
6、g in Milan, Italy Delayed and uncompleted projects.重庆的囧楼重庆的囧楼A star hotel in BeijingHyperbole in L5superlative仿佛某个离经叛道的大天才硬要与人类作对，倾尽地狱里所有的聪明才智造出这些丑陋的房屋。What are the characteristics of Hyperbole？Deliberate exaggeration EmphasizingHyperbole in L5:They amplify both prosperity and ugliness of Westmorela
7、nd, which provoke the curiosity and imagination of readers.A deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. Definition of Hyperbole :123contrastSarcasmRidicule IronyTripletsTo hurt with malicious remarkTo make unkindly fun ofTo express different meanings opposite from literal m
8、eanings嘲弄嘲弄 讽刺讽刺反讽反讽Sarcasm in L5 (Para 3) “Obviously, if there were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillside”(Para 5) “I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.” (Para 5) “They are incom
9、parable in color, and they are incomparable in design.”(Para6) “But in the American village and small town the pull is always toward ugliness and in that Westmoreland valley it has been yielded to with an eagerness bordering upon passion.”(Para6) “It is incredible that mere ignorance should have ach
10、ieved such masterpieces of horror.”(Para8）“They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon（巴台农神庙） would no doubt offend them.”They just hate beauty, as they like uglinessEven architects there have an pathological appetite for ugliness.Ridicule in L5(Para 2) “a steel stadium like a huge rat-trap some
11、where further down the line.”(Para 4) “When it has taken on the patina（铜绿色） of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.” (Para 8) “they made it perfect in their own sight by on top of it. ”The author unkindly laughs at the odd color of houses.Irony in L5(Para 5) “I award thi
12、s championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.” (Para 5) “It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.”(Para6) “It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpie
13、ces of horror.”The buildings in Westmoreland is the most terrible.Sarcasm, Irony and Ridicule Sarcasm: make hurt with obvious malice(恶意恶意)Ridicule: unkindly jokeIrony：say A indicating B to criticize Nuances of triplets (细微差别细微差别) caricatureIt is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ide
14、asin balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. Antithetical contrast:ContrastBalanceHigh lightAntithetical contrast in L5(Para 1) “Here was the very heart of industrial America and here was a scene so dreadfulreduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre（恐怖的）and depressing joke.”Balanced str
15、uctureContrastive meanings(Para 1) “Here was wealth beyond computation,.here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of ally cats.” Metaphor VS Simile Simile:1. The tenor and vehicle(本体和喻体本体和喻体) are exposed. 2. Indicator of resemblances（比喻词）（比喻词） are indispensableM
16、etaphor:The comparison is implied. Its eyes look like two light bulb.This little cat is a poet with melancholy（忧郁的） eyes.DefinitionSimile：makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common by using an indicator of resemblance.(比喻词比喻词)Metaphor: also
17、 makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but this comparison is implied rather than stated. Simile in L5 (Para 2) “one blinked before them as one blinks before a man with his face shot away” (Para 2) “set like a dormer-window（天窗）on the side of a bare leprous hill” (Para 2) “a steel stadium l
18、ike a huge rat-trap somewhere further down the line.”(Para 3) “By the hundreds like gravestones in some gigantic（巨大的） and decaying cemetery.（腐烂的墓地)(Para 2) “a steel stadium like a huge rat-trap”Metaphor in L5(Para 1) “Here was the very heart of industrial America”(Para 3) “they bury themselves swini
19、shly in the mud”(Para 4) “When it has taken on the patina（铜绿色）（铜绿色）of the mills（工厂）（工厂） it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.”(Para 8) “The effect is that of a fat woman with a black eye.”(Para 8)“It is that of a Presbyterian（长老会教徒）（长老会教徒）grinning.”像猪猡一样把自己埋在烂泥里当它被工厂排出来的煤烟覆盖时，它呈现出臭
20、鸡蛋的铜绿色Rhetorical Devices Inversion in L5(Para. 3) “This they have converted into a thing. Low-pitched roof.”(Para. 5) “But nowhere on this earth, at home or abroad, have I seen anything to compare to the village ”Both of them are Partial Inversion. The former is rhetorical inversion and the latter i
21、s grammatical inversion. ParallelismIt means giving two or more parts of the sentences a similar form so as to give the whole a definite pattern. Parallelism in L5:(Para. 1) “the very heart, the center, the boast”(Para. 1) “I have seen. I have seen. I am familiar with.I have whirled”(Para. 2) “There
22、 was not one that, and there was not one that was not shabby.”(Para. 5) “They are incomparable in color, and they are incomparable in design.”Rhetorical Repetition:employs repetitive words or sentences in the same pattern or meaning to enhance tongue or emotion.Rhetorical Repetition in L5:(Para. 2)
23、“There was not one that, and there was not one that was not shabby.”(Para. 5) “They are incomparable in color, and they are incomparable in design.”Synecdoche 提喻提喻：It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part.Synecdoche in L5:(Para. 3) “Coal and steel town”(Pa
24、ra. 3) “Boy and man”Rhetorical question:It expresses a certain meaning interrogative(疑问的）疑问的）sentence which is not required to answer. The true intension is to state a conclusion.Rhetorical question in L5:(Para 3) “Was it necessary to adopt that shocking color?”(Para 3) “Are they so frightful becaus
25、e the valley is full of foreigners-dull, insensate（无情的）（无情的） brutes, with no love of beauty in them? ”Transferred Epithet A crazy little churchA bare leprous hillPreposterous brick piersBury them swinishlyEczematous(湿疹般的) patches of paintUremic（尿毒症的） yellowThe obscene（淫秽的） humorReferencehttp:/ have some words to say THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTIONForeign Languages Institute of Dali University
