高三英语五大句型基本结构.ppt

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1、 英语句子有长有短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千英语句子有长有短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千英语句子有长有短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千英语句子有长有短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种五种五种五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或

2、倒装。基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基掌握这五种基掌握这五种基掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下:英语五种基本句型列式如下:英语五种基本句型列式如下:英语五种基本句型列式如下: 基本句型一:基本句型一:基本句型一:基本句型一: + + (主谓)(主谓)(主谓)(主谓) 基本句型二:基本句型二:基本句型二:基本句型二: + + + + (主系表)(主系表)(

3、主系表)(主系表) 基本句型三:基本句型三:基本句型三:基本句型三: + + + + (主谓宾)(主谓宾)(主谓宾)(主谓宾) 基本句型四:基本句型四:基本句型四:基本句型四: + + +IO + +IO +(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾) 基本句型五:基本句型五:基本句型五:基本句型五: + + + + + +(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补) (不及物(不及物动词)1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He10.Theyflie

4、s. rose. cooked. eat, and drink.laughed. woke. talked for half an hour.walked in the garden. is crying.have gone.基本句型基本句型 一一 +(主谓)(主谓) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词即句子的谓语动词_ 这类动词叫做这类动词叫做_,后后面可以跟面可以跟各种状语。各种状语。基本句型基本句型 一一都能表达完整的意思。都能表达完整的意思。不及物动词不及物动词基本句型 二 + +(主系表)(主系表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:此句型的句子有一个

5、共同的特点:句子谓语动词句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整都不能表达一个完整的意思的意思,必须加上一个,必须加上一个表明主语表明主语身身份或状态份或状态的表语的表语构成构成复合谓语复合谓语,才,才能表达完整的意思。能表达完整的意思。 系动词不只是系动词不只是 be be。(是系(是系动词)(表表语)1. This 2. The dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells(闻)felt looks is is becameturned an English dictionary. go

6、od. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warmer. red. 基本句型基本句型 三三 + +(主谓宾)(主谓宾) 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。做及物动词。(实义动词)(宾语) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Dann

7、y 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. football.to have a cup of tea. Good morning. 基本句型基本句型 四四 + +IO +(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一

8、个是动作的间接承受者。另一个是动作的间接承受者。 通常这一通常这一间接承受者用一个介词间接承受者用一个介词来连来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略这一介词往往被省略。(及(及物)物)(多(多指人)指人)(多指物)(多指物)1. She2. She 3. She 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher Lindathe boy her him him mea new dress. a

9、 delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. 基本句型基本句型 五五 + + +(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补) 此句型的句子的共同特点是:此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个必须加上一个补充成分补充成分来补足宾来补足宾语,语,才能使意思完整才能使意思完整。(及物)(及物)(宾语)(宾补)1. We 2. They3

10、. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 1.They work hard.1.They work hard. 主主主主 + + 谓谓谓谓2.The flower is dead.2.The flower is de

11、ad. 主主主主 + + 系系系系 + + 表表表表3.Plants need water.3.Plants need water. 主主主主 + + 谓谓谓谓 + + 宾宾宾宾4.He gives me some seeds.4.He gives me some seeds. 主主主主 + + 谓谓谓谓 + + 直宾直宾直宾直宾 + + 简宾简宾简宾简宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主主主主 + + 谓谓谓谓 + + 宾宾宾宾 + + 宾补宾补宾补宾补6.M

12、any animals live in trees.6.Many animals live in trees. 主主主主 + + 谓谓谓谓(二)(二) 除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。下的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。下面以基本句型五(面以基本句型五(v+o+o.c)为例:)

13、为例: We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。我们发现礼堂坐满了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报告。我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报告。 We found the great hall f

14、ull of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报的我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。 不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样,因此在学习动词时,应不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样,因此在学习动词时,应掌握掌握动词的类型动词的类型。以。以 get 为例:为例:

15、 He got angry. (S V P) He got through the window. (S V O) Youll get a surprise. (S V O) He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C) He got himself into trouble. (S V O C) He got her a splendid present. (S V IO O) 在句子中在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思: I found the book easily. 我很容易地找到了这本书。我很容易地找

16、到了这本书。(S V O +状语状语) I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。我觉得这本书很容易。 (S V O C) I have to do something. 我得做点事。我得做点事。(S V O) I have something to do. 我有点事做。我有点事做。 (S V O+定语定语) A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah, returns with her family following th

17、e ceasefire, at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14, 2006. S + V A 53-point win over South Korea wrapped up a perfect Asian exhibition tour for a star-studded U.S. team on its way to the world championships. S + V + O Ministry: Thai bird flu did not originate in China According to the

18、 current information held by the Chinese authorities, a verdict arrived at by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the bird flu research and test centre of Thailand was arbitrary and based on the fact that the virus found in Thailand and Laos was similar to recent finds in

19、southern China, the ministrys statement said. s+v+p A policeman removes a check point notice from the road to the village where bird flu patient were found in Zhongwei County, northwest Ningxia Autonomous Region, August 12, 2006. XinhuaMembers of Hong Kong singing group, Gillian Chung (L) and Charle

20、ne Choi hold a banner which reads “Dignity” during a news conference entitled “Privacy and dignity: Hong Kong peoples business” in Hong Kong August 28, 2006. Semi-nude(半裸半裸) photos of Chung taken with a hidden camera have sparked an uproar(骚动骚动) among fans and womens right groups. S+ V+O First put f

21、orward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at th

22、e Ecolab polytechnique. (NMET2003.C篇)篇) 这个定理,先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提这个定理,先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出,曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难,包括一位法国女科学出,曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难,包括一位法国女科学家,她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展,她曾女扮家,她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展,她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。 简析:夹杂过去分词短语,现在分词短语,动名词及简析:夹杂过去分词短语,现在分词短语,动名词及两个定语从句。两个定语从句。 Even though there ma

23、y be a tendency in some rare families to live extraordinarily long, the genetic influence that emerged from the studies of twins was significantly less than much of the public and many scientists think it is. S+V+P Josephine Tesauro, left, active and healthy at 92, is part of a study trying to deter

24、mine why some people age better than others, even when they are closely related. Washington says world powers are poised to begin discussing punitive measures next week against Iran if, as expected, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reports Teheran has ignored the UN demand to stop enriching uranium by August 31.

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