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1、Period Two Word power & Grammar and usagePart Grammar宾语补足语；主谓一致一、宾语补足语一、宾语补足语1.英英语语中中有有些些及及物物动动词词，除除有有一一个个宾宾语语外外，还还要要有有一一个个宾宾语语补补足足语语才才能能使句子的意思完整。使句子的意思完整。这这类类动动词词或或短短语语主主要要包包括括：make，consider，believe，cause，feel，hear，listen to，see，find，have，let，call等等。其其句句型型为为：及及物物动动词词宾语宾语补足语。宾语宾语补足语。n语法精析2.名名词词、形形容容
2、词词、副副词词、介介词词短短语语、不不定定式式、现现在在分分词词、过过去去分分词词、从从句句都可作宾语补足语。都可作宾语补足语。We all called him “monkey”. .(宾补为名词宾补为名词)We believed him honest.(宾补为形容词宾补为形容词)I saw him out with his father.(宾补为副词宾补为副词)We found everything in the lab in good order.(宾补为介词短语宾补为介词短语)I dont force him to do anything he dislikes.(宾补为不定式宾补为不
3、定式)Nobody noticed him enter the room.(宾补为不带宾补为不带to的不定式的不定式)I saw him crossing the road by himself.(宾补为现在分词宾补为现在分词)When we arrived there，we saw the work done.(宾补为过去分词宾补为过去分词)The plant has its own name.You cant call it what you will.(宾补为从句宾补为从句)3.在在主主动动语语态态中中，有有几几类类动动词词后后面面可可以以接接不不带带to的的不不定定式式作作宾宾补补；但
4、但变变为为被动语态时，一定要加上不定式符号被动语态时，一定要加上不定式符号to。这这几几类类动动词词或或短短语语有有感感官官动动词词：feel，hear，listen to，see，look at，watch，notice，observe；使役动词：；使役动词：have，let，make。help后的不定式可带后的不定式可带to，也可不带，也可不带to。I saw the children cross the road.The children were seen to cross the road.The boss made the employees work ten hours a da
5、y.The employees were made to work ten hours a day.4.一一些些感感官官动动词词后后接接不不带带to的的不不定定式式作作宾宾补补和和接接现现在在分分词词作作宾宾补补的的区区别别：不不带带to的的不不定定式式作作宾宾补补表表示示动动作作已已经经完完成成；现现在在分分词词作作宾宾补补表表示示动动作作正正在进行。在进行。I observed a stranger enter the house.我注意到一个陌生人进了那所房子。我注意到一个陌生人进了那所房子。(动作已完成动作已完成)I observed a stranger entering the h
6、ouse.我注意到一个陌生人正走进那所房子。我注意到一个陌生人正走进那所房子。(动作正在进行动作正在进行)I heard her sing a song in the next room.我听到她在隔壁唱歌了。我听到她在隔壁唱歌了。(动作已完成动作已完成)I heard her singing a song in the next room.我听到她正在隔壁唱一首歌。我听到她正在隔壁唱一首歌。(动作正在进行动作正在进行)5.宾补还可用于形式宾语宾补还可用于形式宾语it之后。之后。They thought it right to do this test.(right为宾补为宾补)We all
7、think it our duty that we should support him.(our duty为宾补为宾补)We find it necessary to master a foreign language.(necessary为宾补为宾补)6.含含不不定定式式、现现在在分分词词、过过去去分分词词作作宾宾补补的的句句子子转转换换成成被被动动语语态态后后，原原来来的宾补即为主补。的宾补即为主补。His father made him do a lot of housework after school.He was made to do a lot of housework aft
8、er school by his father.The boy saw the dog tied to the tree.The dog was seen tied to the tree by the boy.即时跟踪即时跟踪1用所给词的正确形式填空用所给词的正确形式填空1.In the end，we found the girl (lock) in a dark room.2.Just at that time，I saw an old woman (cross)the narrow street.3.Dont let your son (play) computer games like
9、 this any more.4.Ive never heard the word (use) in spoken English.5.I think you cant force your son (go)to see her.答案lockedcrossingplayusedto go二、主谓一致二、主谓一致主谓一致可依据三条原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。主谓一致可依据三条原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。1.语法一致原则语法一致原则一一般般来来说说，主主语语是是单单数数，谓谓语语动动词词用用单单数数形形式式；主主语语是是复复数数，谓谓语语动动词词用用复复数数形式。形式。My
10、 father is in charge of the company.What the teacher said is of great importance.The number of students has been increasing in recent years.并并列列主主语语指指的的是是同同一一个个人人，同同一一事事物物或或同同一一概概念念时时，谓谓语语动动词词用用单单数数，如如：bread and butter/a knife and fork/needle and thread/a cart and horse/a teacher and writer等等。若若and连
11、连接接的的并并列列单单数数主主语语的的前前面面分分别别有有each，every，no或或many a修饰，谓语动词用单数。修饰，谓语动词用单数。A cart and horse was seen in the distance.In this hotel，the bread and butter is served for breakfast.Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Many a ship has been wrecked on these rocks.倒装句中谓语动词应与后面的主语一致。倒装句中谓
12、语动词应与后面的主语一致。On the wall were famous paintings.Look! Here comes the bus.主主语语后后接接as well as/with/along with/together with/but/except/like/rather than/including/in addition to时时，谓谓语语动动词词要要与与主主语语一一致致。(这这也也称称作作“中中心语原则心语原则”。)The teacher as well as the students has seen the film.Nobody but Tom was here.Hi
13、s parents，together with him，are going to visit the museum.each，either，neither或或由由some，any，no，every构构成成的的合合成成代代词词作作主主语语时谓语动词用单数。时谓语动词用单数。none作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。Each of us has read the book.Nobody wants to go there.None knows/know a great deal about the experiment.一一些些只只有有复复数数形形式式的的名名词词如如
14、：clothes，scissors，trousers，shorts，glasses，people，cattle，police等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。2.意义一致原则意义一致原则作作主主语语用用的的集集体体名名词词作作为为一一个个整整体体看看待待时时，谓谓语语动动词词用用单单数数；若若指指其其中中的的所所有有成员，谓语动词则用复数。成员，谓语动词则用复数。The committee was made up of 10 members.The committee were in the hall.My family enjoy sports and games.My
15、 family has moved into the new house.表示时间、距离、价格、度量等，往往作整体看待，谓语动词用单数。表示时间、距离、价格、度量等，往往作整体看待，谓语动词用单数。Five yuan is enough.One hundred li was covered on a single night.Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary changes.“定冠词定冠词theadj.”表示一类人时，谓语动词一般用复数。表示一类人时，谓语动词一般用复数。The English speak English.The
16、sick have been cured and the lost have been found.“分数分数/百分数百分数/all/someof名词名词”作主语时，其后的名词是不可数名作主语时，其后的名词是不可数名词或单数形式的名词时，谓语动词用单数；但如果其后的名词为复数形词或单数形式的名词时，谓语动词用单数；但如果其后的名词为复数形式时，谓语动词用复数。式时，谓语动词用复数。3.就近一致原则就近一致原则由由or，not.but.，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等等连连接并列主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。接并列主语时，谓语动词与靠
17、近它的主语一致。What he does or what he says does not concern me.Either you or I am able to do it.在在there be结构中，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。结构中，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。There are two bowls and a plate on the table.There is a plate and two bowls on the table.即时跟踪即时跟踪2用所给词的正确形式填空用所给词的正确形式填空1.You or I (be)going to welcome them this af
18、ternoon.2.Neither his wife nor his parents (want) to go to Taiwan.3.The cattle (eat) grass on the side of the hill every day.4.The medical team (be) treating the injured at present in that hospital.5.Each citizen over 18 years old in our country (have) the right to vote.6.Two thirds of the teachers
19、present (be) against the plan then.7.Three fourths of the surface of the earth (be) covered with water.8.Every effort (make) to search the missing MH370 by many countries.答案amwanteatarehasareiswas made9.There (be) a lot of milk in the bottle.10.The number of people invited (be) fifty，but a number of
20、 them (be) absent for different reasons.答案iswaswere1.Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it live is quite another.(2015浙江，浙江，18)A.perform B.performingC.to perform D.being performed解解析析考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意为为：在在家家听听音音乐乐是是一一回回事事，去去现现场场听听正正在在被被演演奏奏的的音音乐乐完完全全是是另另外外一一回回事事。题题干干中中含含有有“hear宾
21、宾语语宾宾语语补补足足语语”结结构构，宾宾语语it(指指代代music)与与perform之之间间存存在在被被动动关关系系，且且此此处处表表示示去去现现场场听听正正在在被被演演奏奏的的音音乐乐，故故应应用用being performed作作宾宾语语补补足足语语，故故选选D。n高考链接解析答案123456D78910解析答案2.Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.(2015陕西，陕西，18)A.taking B.ta
22、kenC.take D.be taken12345678910解析答案3.It is important to remember that success a sum of small efforts made each day and often years of achieve.(2015湖南，湖南，27)A.is；takes B.are；takesC.are；take D.is；take解解析析考考查查主主谓谓一一致致。句句意意为为：重重要要的的是是要要记记住住，成成功功是是每每天天所所做做的的一一些些小小小小的的努努力力的的总总和和，它它常常常常需需要要很很多多年年的的时时间间才才能能
23、实实现现。此此处处success是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。项。答案答案A12345678910解析答案4.The manager was satisfied to see many new products after great effort.(2014四川，四川，5)A.having developed B.to developC.developed D.develop解解析析考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意为为：经经理理很很满满意意地地看看到到在在做做出出巨巨大大的的努努力力之之后后，许许多多新新产产品品被被开开发
24、发出出来来。题题干干中中含含有有“see宾宾语语宾宾语语补补足足语语”结结构构，develop与与宾宾语语products为为动动宾宾关关系系，故故使使用用过过去去分分词词作作宾宾补补，故故选选C项。项。C12345678910解析答案5.All we need a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.(2014湖南，湖南，32)A.are B.wasC.is D.were解解析析考考查查主主谓谓一一致致和和动
25、动词词的的时时态态。当当all，all of，half of，the rest of，most of及及“百百分分数数或或分分数数of”等等后后接接名名词词作作主主语语时时，句句子子谓谓语语动动词词的的形形式式根根据据其其后后的的名名词词而而定定，故故根根据据表表语语“a small piece of land”可可知知本本句句谓谓语语动词用单数，且根据从句的时态可知所填词用一般现在时，故选动词用单数，且根据从句的时态可知所填词用一般现在时，故选C项。项。C123456789106.The university estimates that living expenses for intern
26、ational students around $8,450 a year，which a burden for some of them.(2013湖南，湖南，33)A.are；is B.are；areC.is；are D.is；is解析解析考查主谓一致。句意为：据这所大学估计，留学生的生活费用每考查主谓一致。句意为：据这所大学估计，留学生的生活费用每年大约年大约8 450美元左右，这对一些学生来说是一个负担。第一个空的主语美元左右，这对一些学生来说是一个负担。第一个空的主语为为living expenses指指“生活费用生活费用”，谓语动词用复数形式；，谓语动词用复数形式；“which a
27、 burden for some of them”是一个非限制性定语从句，是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代前面一句指代前面一句话，所以此处谓语动词用单数。话，所以此处谓语动词用单数。 A解析答案123456789107.Generally，students inner motivation with high expectations from others essential to their development.(2013江苏，江苏， 21)A.is B.are C.was D.were解解析析考考查查时时态态与与主主谓谓一一致致。句句意意为为：一一般般来来说说，来来自自别别人人
28、较较高高的的期期望望值值与与学学生生内内在在的的驱驱动动力力对对他他们们的的发发展展至至关关重重要要。该该题题说说的的是是普普遍遍现现象象，故用一般现在时，故选故用一般现在时，故选A项。项。A12345678910解析答案8.When we saw the road with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.(2013北京，北京，29)A.block B.to blockC.blocking D.blocked解解析析考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词作作宾宾语语补补足足语语的的用用法法。句句意意为为：发发现现路路面面被被雪雪封封住住，我我们
29、们决决定定在在家家度度假假。宾宾语语补补足足语语block与与宾宾语语road为为被被动动关关系系，故故选选D项。项。D12345678910解析答案9.Let those in need that we will go all out to help them.(2013陕西，陕西，13)A.to understand B.understandC.understanding D.understood解解析析句句意意为为：要要让让那那些些需需要要帮帮助助的的人人认认识识到到我我们们会会全全力力以以赴赴地地帮帮助助他他们。们。let后跟不带后跟不带to的不定式。的不定式。B12345678910
30、解析答案10.I looked up and noticed a snake its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.(2012四川，四川，8)A.to wind B.windC.winding D.wound解析解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：我抬头，注意到一条蛇正蜿蜒向树上考查非谓语动词。句意为：我抬头，注意到一条蛇正蜿蜒向树上爬去捕获它的早餐。此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语。爬去捕获它的早餐。此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语。wind与宾语与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，故选之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，故选C。C解析答案12345678910
