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1、高考英语一轮复习定语从句课件高考英语一轮复习定语从句课件一一. 定语从句的基本知识定语从句的基本知识1.1.定义定义： 修饰修饰 限制某一名词或代词的句子为定语从句。一般翻译为限制某一名词或代词的句子为定语从句。一般翻译为: :“的的”。2.2.先行词先行词：被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。3.3.位置位置： 放在被修饰名词或代词的后面。放在被修饰名词或代词的后面。4.4.关系词关系词：定语从句必须有一个关系词引导，定语从句必须有一个关系词引导，关系词分为关系词分为关系代词关系代词和和关系副词关系副词两类，两类，但但关系代词作宾语、表语时可以省去。关系代词作宾语、表语时
2、可以省去。 关系词之间的区别请看下面两幅图。 图图: 关系代词关系代词 在定语从句中主语在定语从句中主语, ,宾语宾语, ,表语和表语和定语定语whowhomwhichthataswhose人人人人物物 人人物物人人物物人人物物主主宾宾表表宾宾主主宾宾表表主主宾宾表表主主宾宾表表定定图图：关系副词关系副词 在定语从句中仅作状语在定语从句中仅作状语when wherewhy时间词时间词 地点词地点词原因词原因词时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语注意：注意： 一定要在理解的基础上记忆关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中所作的成分。一定要在理解的基础上记忆关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中所作的
3、成分。 what what 不能引导定语从句不能引导定语从句, 但能引导名词性从句。但能引导名词性从句。 that不可引导非限制性定语从句。不可引导非限制性定语从句。被动语态的谓语动词不需要宾语。被动语态的谓语动词不需要宾语。关系代词关系代词thatthat不能作介词的宾语。不能作介词的宾语。二二. 定语从句中的重点定语从句中的重点, 难点难点, 易混点和高考中的考点易混点和高考中的考点1.as 与与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别引导非限制性定语从句的区别: as 与与 which 引导非限制性定语从句时引导非限制性定语从句时, 它们的先行词都可以是整个句子它们的先行词都可以是整个句
4、子, 区别区别 在于在于: as 引导的从句位置灵活引导的从句位置灵活,可以放在主句的前可以放在主句的前, 中和后中和后, 而而 which 引导的从句只引导的从句只 能放在主句之后能放在主句之后. as 常被译为常被译为 “正如正如 ”, 而而 which 常被译为常被译为 “ 这一点这一点这这” Taiwan is part of China, as is known to all. Mary didnt pass the driving test, which made her very sad. 注意注意: as 常用于以下结构常用于以下结构:as + 主语主语 + see know
5、expect imagine suppose.as be seen known expected imagined supposed.as often happens.as has been said before.as is often the case.(1). The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employed more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. (江苏 ) A. who B
6、. that C. as D. which(2). _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As (江苏 )DD高高 考考 衔衔 接接2. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句与同位语从句的区别: that 在引导定语从句时在引导定语从句时, 代先行词并且在从句中作成分代先行词并且在从句中作成分, 作宾语和表语时可以作宾语和表语时可以 省略省略, 而引导同位语从句的而引导同位语从句的 that 在从句中不作任何成分在从句中不作任何成分, 无词义无词义, 且不能
7、省略。且不能省略。 what 不引导定语从句不引导定语从句, 但引导同位语从句但引导同位语从句, 在从句中作主语在从句中作主语, 宾语宾语,表语和表语和 定语定语,不可省略不可省略.This is the suggestion that he put forward. ( )He gave me a suggestion that we should start at 5 oclock. ( ) 定语从句同位语从句(3). - Its thirty years since we last met. - But I still remember the story, believe it or
8、not, _ we got lost on a rainy night. ( 四川) A. which B. that C. what D. noneB高 考 衔 接3. 几个特殊先行词后的定语从句几个特殊先行词后的定语从句: reason 为先行词时为先行词时, 如果定语从句中缺少状语如果定语从句中缺少状语,则用则用 why 引导引导, 如果缺少主如果缺少主 语语宾语宾语表语表语,则用则用thatwhich 引导。引导。 the way 为先行词时，如果定语从句中缺少状语，则用为先行词时，如果定语从句中缺少状语，则用thatin which 引导引导, 也可以省略也可以省略, 如果如果 缺少
9、主语缺少主语宾语宾语表语表语,则用则用thatwhich 引导。引导。 situation case point spot scene 为先行词时为先行词时, 如果定语从句中缺少状语如果定语从句中缺少状语, 则用则用 where 引导。引导。 occasion 为先行词时，如果定语从句中缺少状语，则用为先行词时，如果定语从句中缺少状语，则用 when 引导。引导。This is the reason that which he gave.We may be trapped in such a situation where we have no one to turn to.(5). Occa
10、sions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. ( 山东) A. who B. which C. why D. when D(4). - Do you have anything to say for yourselves? - Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on. ( 江西) A. why B. where C. how D. D高 考 衔 接(6). Great changes have taken place in that school. It is
11、no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. ( 安徽 ) A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that(7). - Where did you get to know her? - It was on the farm _ we worked. (山东 ) A. that B. there C. which D. whereAD高 考 衔 接4.4.定语从句与强调句型及其它复合句的结合定语从句与强调句型及其它复合句的结合It is John w
12、ho runs a website where he encourages people to protect theenvironment.The village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what is now part of Hubei Province.Exercises (1). Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. A. which B. that C. this D. it (浙江浙江 ) (2). We will be
13、shown around the city : school, museums, and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go. ( ( 北京北京 2002) A. what B. which C. where D. when (3). I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. ( 上海上海 2003) A. why B. which C.
14、 as D. where (4). The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. ( (江苏江苏 ) A. which, where B. at which, which C. at which; where D. which; in which (5). Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering. (天津天津 ) A. that B. whose C. those D. whatACDCBThank you for your attention !Thank you for your attention !
