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1、第一讲第一讲 学会区分不同文体学会区分不同文体阅读下面的段落，并推断它是哪种文体？阅读下面的段落，并推断它是哪种文体？ The population of the Earth is growing faster. It is important that we look after the Earth. We need it! What do you do if youre stranded(处于困境处于困境的的) on a lonely island? Surely you need to find a way to get in touch with the outside world.
2、Your best chance of doing this is to draw the attention of a passing plane. Body signalsSmoke signalsGroud-to-air signals议论文议论文 说明文说明文1阅读理解不同题材文体识别练习继续阅读下面的段落，并判断它是哪种文体？继续阅读下面的段落，并判断它是哪种文体？(1) In the west, some people believe that personality can be predicted according to the time of the year the pe
3、rson was born. From China comes the belief that the year of birth influences ones personality. (2) Many textbooks are not written in the kind of English that we speak every day. In fact, sometimes the reading is so difficult that is almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it is - the languag
4、e of scienceThese are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult: (3) It was yearbook day and we were given an hour to sign each others yearbooks in the cafeteria. I was president of the class and I played sports. When I sat down at a table, people started to come over to get their
5、 yearbooks signed and to sign mine.议论文议论文说明文说明文记叙文记叙文2阅读理解不同题材(4) My father died when I was a few months old. After his death, my mother moved back to Louisville,Kentucky, where she had grown up.(5) Chinatown is the name given to an area in the middle of London. It is just between Leicester Square a
6、nd Shaftsbury Avenue. Gerrard Street is at the center and is the most important street in the area. There is a large Chinese community with a lot of Chinese restaurants, Chinese supermarkets and shops in this street.记叙文记叙文说明文说明文3阅读理解不同题材A 篇篇B 篇篇C 篇篇D 篇篇细节理解题细节理解题猜测词义题猜测词义题推理判断题推理判断题主旨归纳题主旨归纳题中考阅读中的结
7、构和分类中考阅读中的结构和分类4阅读理解不同题材A篇词数：200w左右题材：信息类表格（校园师生采访）题目：whosnewatschool?做题技巧：回文定位回文定位5阅读理解不同题材6阅读理解不同题材51. Cindy is a _A. a student B. a teacher C. a worker D. a writer从文章的最后一句可以明确得出。从文章的最后一句可以明确得出。52. How long has Mr. Smith been in the new school?A. about 2 weeks B. about 3 weeks C. about 1 months D.
8、 about 2 months数字推理题：选项中出现年份，数字应特别小心。数字推理题：选项中出现年份，数字应特别小心。7阅读理解不同题材56.Whendidtheresearchofhumangenesbegin?A.In1987.B.In1993.C.In2000.D.In2006.Ittook13yearsofinternationalefforttomapthehumanbiologicalblueprintofallthegenes(因)thatmakeusdifferentpeople.Thefirstroughdraft(图)wasmadein2000.Thelastofour23
9、chromosomes(染色体)wasclearlydescribedin2006.20132013年北京市朝阳区中考二模英语试题年北京市朝阳区中考二模英语试题8阅读理解不同题材53.WhatexactlyisKingleyaccordingtothematerial?A.Aroad.B.Aschool.C.Atown.D.Acountry.55.Wherecanweprobablyreadthismaterial?A.InatravelguideB.Inaschoolmagazine.C.Inasciencebook.D.InaTVplay.细节推理题：可以直接从文章找到答案细节推理题：可以
10、直接从文章找到答案考查文章出处，从体裁和内容分析考查文章出处，从体裁和内容分析9阅读理解不同题材中心思想中心思想记叙文记叙文1写人为主写人为主2写事为主写事为主外貌神态语言心理动作社会环境描写自然环境描写记叙方法：顺序、倒记叙方法：顺序、倒叙、插叙叙、插叙可以穿插可以穿插: 抒情、抒情、议论议论作用：交代背景、情景交融、揭示中心作用：交代背景、情景交融、揭示中心10阅读理解不同题材B篇词数：250w左右题材：故事叙述类（小小说）题目：做题技巧：注意事项：故事类文章人物有时过多，需要理清人物之间逻辑关系。切忌断章取义回文定位，忠实原文逻辑回文定位，忠实原文逻辑11阅读理解不同题材12阅读理解不同
11、题材56.HowdidPhilfeelwhenhewasgoinghome?A.Unhappy.B.Excited.C.Nervous.D.Confident.57.Theunderlinedwordtheyinthe2ndparagraphrefersto_.A.SusyandMaryB.MaryandPhilC.SnowbanksD.Twocoins.细节推理题：从文中第一段最后一句判断推理细节推理题：从文中第一段最后一句判断推理词义判断题：所给词的前后句去找相关内容。词义判断题：所给词的前后句去找相关内容。13阅读理解不同题材59.WhatdoesthesentenceHereyeswe
12、rehopeful.inthe3rdparagraghsuggest?A.SusyexpectedPhiltodigtogether.B.SusyexpectedPhiltoreturnthecoins.C.Susyhopedtodigoutthelostcoins.D.Susyhopedtogetsomeusefulinformation逻辑推理题：从人物所说所做的内容去推理。逻辑推理题：从人物所说所做的内容去推理。14阅读理解不同题材应试对策应试对策首先，从问题中找到关键词；首先，从问题中找到关键词；然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅的技巧然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中迅速找细节；
13、在文中迅速找细节；找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读，认真找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读，认真比较选项和文中细节的区别；比较选项和文中细节的区别；最后，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最最后，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。佳答案。15阅读理解不同题材第二讲：说明文1 说明文的定义：主要用说明的方式来表达思想内容，它常被用来介绍科学知识或生活常识。特点是内容上重视科学性科学性，语言形式重视条理性条理性 。2 常见的说明方法：分类说明、举例说明、描写说明、比较说明、数字说明、图像或图表说明、下定义和注释。 16阅读理解不同题材说明文的阅读要领：说明文的阅读要领：1 抓住文章第一段，通常文章的主旨大
14、意问抓住文章第一段，通常文章的主旨大意问题会在第一段找到答案题会在第一段找到答案2 不要为文章的长度吓到，文章的小标题会不要为文章的长度吓到，文章的小标题会给我们阅读提示给我们阅读提示3 如有图形，可以结合图形读题如有图形，可以结合图形读题4 边读边整理重要信息边读边整理重要信息5 根据段落信息进行概括根据段落信息进行概括17阅读理解不同题材Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us. Many things happen because something caused or influenced t
15、hem to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what causes the effect. It may help you to start with the effect and use your reasoning(推理的推理的) skills. Think about all the things you kn
16、ow that could be reasons for the effect you can see.55. What is the best title for the next? A. Truth and lies B. Work and sleep C. Cause and effect D. Life and dreams18阅读理解不同题材C&D篇词数：350w左右题材：分析说明文类题目：做题技巧：分类：关键词定位，联系上下文关键词定位，联系上下文19阅读理解不同题材一、社会文化类一、社会文化类【命题趋势】1.以中西文化差异作为选材的重点。如礼仪、语言、生活习惯、世界观、价值观等为
17、主题。题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。2.一般一篇文章一个主题。以议论文、记叙文居多。3.命题方面，既重主旨把握，又重特定细节，时有推断。20阅读理解不同题材1.重视英语词汇、语法和习惯用法的掌握。对于普通中学毕业生来说，应具备20003500的词汇量，并掌握其词类、意思和基本用法。掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系。熟悉固定词组、固定搭配等约定俗成的语法。2.扩展文化背景知识。阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，要通过阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。21阅读理解不同题材practice
18、22阅读理解不同题材Many people say that they are working too many hours. They dont have enough time to relax or to stay with their family. Work hours are different from one country to another. In France, people spend about 1,646 hours a year at work. In Japan, however, people work about 2,159 hours a year. T
19、hat means a Japanese worker works 513 more hours a year than a French worker. Why do people work so many hours? Some people workextrahours because they want to make more money. However, many companies dont pay overtime. Their workers dont get more pay for more work. Some people think its their duty
20、to work more hours. Some are afraid of losing their jobs if they dont work more hours. Many people say that their vacations are too short. In France, people get five weeks of paid vacation a year. In Germany, they get four to six weeks, and in the United States, two weeks. One study shows fewer than
21、 half of workers used all their vacation days. In Great Britain, there is a saying, All work and no play makes Jack a dull (迟钝的) boy. If that is true, there must be a lot of dull people in the world.23阅读理解不同题材1. A Japanese worker works _ more hours a year than a French one.A. 513B. 1,646 C. 2,159 D.
22、 3,8052. The word extra in Paragraph 3 means .A.正常的 B.额外的 C.有用的 D.少量的3. People in _ get only two weeks of paid vacation a year.A. FranceB. Germany C. the United StatesD. Great Britain4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. No companies offer vacations to their workers.B. Many p
23、eople say they have enough time to relax.C. Not all companies pay their workers for more work.D. More than half of workers use all their vacation days.5. What can we infer from the passage?A. Many workers have to work long hours.B. Many people have vacations long enough.C. Work hours are the same ar
24、ound the world.D. There are a lot of dull people in the world.24阅读理解不同题材三、逸闻趣事类：三、逸闻趣事类：25阅读理解不同题材26阅读理解不同题材27阅读理解不同题材28阅读理解不同题材(6) 持有保留态度的比较客观，常常是正确选项。持有保留态度的比较客观，常常是正确选项。29阅读理解不同题材30阅读理解不同题材31阅读理解不同题材32阅读理解不同题材practice33阅读理解不同题材四四. 科普知识类科普知识类【命题趋势】【命题趋势】1.1.文章中会牵涉到实验、研究者、研究方法、在某项主题文章中会牵涉到实验、研究者、研究
25、方法、在某项主题上的不同意见和争鸣，有时会出现读者还不熟悉的前沿性上的不同意见和争鸣，有时会出现读者还不熟悉的前沿性的科学题材，但作者一般持客观的态度，不显示自己的褒的科学题材，但作者一般持客观的态度，不显示自己的褒贬之意；贬之意；2.2.此类文章为了做到通俗易懂，在语言上尽量避免使用专此类文章为了做到通俗易懂，在语言上尽量避免使用专业性词汇，对于动词，做到这一点较容易，但是有些专有业性词汇，对于动词，做到这一点较容易，但是有些专有名词则无法避免，不过，名词则无法避免，不过，作者通常会对较难的专有名词进作者通常会对较难的专有名词进行解释，甚至举例说明，这往往也是出题的地方；行解释，甚至举例说明
26、，这往往也是出题的地方；3.3.在语法上，此类文章长句使用较多；在语法上，此类文章长句使用较多；4.4.此类文章语篇模式一般比较固定、整齐，此类文章语篇模式一般比较固定、整齐，主题句通常位主题句通常位于段首，多使用平行结构。于段首，多使用平行结构。34阅读理解不同题材【应试对策】针对科普文章的这些特点，阅读这类文章重在把握被说明事物各因素之间的联系，如因果、条件、种属、并列等；以及说明方法，如定义、例释、类比等。考生应加强此类文章的阅读训练，不断提高判断、归纳、分析和解决问题的能力。首先我们平时要多关注科学题材的文章，了解一些基本的科普知识；其次，在阅读时要注意实验的目的和结果，不能凭想象和猜测下结论；对于较难理解的句子要利用语法结构去分析；最后，要利用文章特点找准主题句，把握中心，从而一一破解题目。35阅读理解不同题材practice36阅读理解不同题材
