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1、课题3 3纯碱的生产目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理Z
2、HONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航1.能记住索尔维制碱法和侯氏制碱法的化学反应原理、主要原料和生产过程。2.能说出纯碱的重要性质和用途。目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI
3、TOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航一二三一、纯碱的存在与
4、用途1.纯碱的存在碳酸钠,俗名纯碱,在自然界中存在相当广泛。生长于盐碱地和海岸附近的植物中含有碳酸钠。大量的碳酸钠主要来自于地表碱湖,由湖水可得到天然碱。2.纯碱的用途很多工业都要用到碳酸钠,如玻璃、制皂、造纸、纺织和漂染等。碳酸钠作为原料还可以用于生产其他含钠的化合物;碳酸钠也被大量地应用于生活中。目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理
5、ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航一二三(1)从天然碱的形成推测Na2CO3在水中结晶析出主要受到哪些因
6、素的影响?(2)根据天然碱的存在及其主要化学成分,请你设想工业生产Na2CO3的主要原料是什么?为什么?提示(1)根据固体物质在水中溶解度的影响因素,温度、结晶水合物的组成及溶剂的质量等因素影响Na2CO3在水中的结晶析出。目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIA
7、NLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航一二三二、氨碱法生产纯碱氨碱法也称索尔维制碱法,其原料是食盐、氨和二氧化碳。1.生成碳酸氢钠和氯化铵将二氧化碳通入含氨的饱和食盐溶液中,可得到碳酸氢
8、钠和氯化铵。2.制取碳酸钠(1)将析出的NaHCO3晶体煅烧,即得Na2CO3。化学方程式:2NaHCO3Na2CO3+H2O+CO2。(2)母液中的NH4Cl加消石灰可回收氨,以便循环使用。化学方程式为2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2CaCl2+2NH3+2H2O。目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦S
9、UITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航一二三3.优、缺点(1)优点:原料便宜易得、产品纯度高、氨和部分二氧化碳可以循环使用、制造步骤简单。(2)缺
10、点:食盐的利用率低,只有70%;产生了当时认为无用的氯化钙。氨碱法中饱和食盐水先氨化再通CO2的原因是什么?能否先向食盐水中通入CO2使之饱和,再通入氨气?提示不能先碳酸化后氨化。在常温下,氨在饱和食盐水中的溶解度很大,二氧化碳在饱和食盐水中的溶解度较小。先氨化后碳酸化,是向高浓度的氨水中通入易溶于氨水的二氧化碳,能产生高浓度的目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析Z
11、HISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航一二三氨碱法的生产流程中,有哪些物质参与循
12、环利用?提示氯化铵与石灰乳反应,生成的NH3参与循环利用;二氧化碳参与循环利用。目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANL
13、ITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航一二三三、联合制碱法联合制碱法是将氨碱法与合成氨联合生产纯碱和氯化铵的方法,它是由我国化工专家侯德榜研究成功的,故也称侯氏制碱法。(1)生成碳酸氢钠和氯化铵。将原料(精制食盐水)与原料(来自合成氨的NH3和CO2)反应,化学方程式为NaCl+NH3+CO2+H2ONaHCO3+NH4Cl。(
14、2)制取碳酸钠,化学方程式为2NaHCO3Na2CO3+CO2+H2O。联合制碱法与氨碱法的主要区别在哪里?有哪些优点?提示联合制碱法利用合成氨生产中的氨和二氧化碳,生产过程中回收氯化铵。联合制碱法使NaCl中的Cl-也得以利用,减少了原料CaO,不再产生废渣CaCl2,增加了新产品NH4Cl,既免于废渣CaCl2对环境的污染,又使各原料得到充分利用。目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIAN
15、LITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航一二一、氨碱法生产
16、纯碱1.氨碱法生产纯碱的主要过程(1)食盐水的精制:在配制的饱和食盐水中加入石灰乳和纯碱,以除去食盐水中的Mg2+和Ca2+。(2)食盐水氨化:在精制食盐水中通入氨气制成氨盐水。(3)氨盐水碳酸化:使氨盐水吸收CO2,生成NaHCO3和NH4Cl:NaCl+NH3+CO2+H2ONaHCO3+NH4Cl。目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识
17、梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航一二(4)碳酸氢钠的转化:滤出碳酸氢钠后煅烧得纯碱,同时回收近一半
18、的CO2再利用。(5)氨的循环:将NH4Cl加石灰乳加热,回收氨循环利用。目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITO
19、UXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航一二2.饱和NaCl溶液和NaHCO3溶液混合产生白色沉淀的原因20 时一些物质在水中的溶解度/gNaCl和NH4HCO3都是可溶性的强电解质,在水溶液里发生电离:目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导
20、航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN
21、JUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航一二3.氨碱法中加入氨的主要作用饱和NaCl溶液中Na+的物质的量浓度较大。二氧化碳在水中生氨与水发生反应使溶液显碱性:目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITO
22、UXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航一二误区警示氨碱法制纯碱时,应先向饱和食盐水中通氨气,后通二氧化碳气体。因为氨气在饱和食盐水中的溶解度很大,二氧化碳在饱和食盐水中的溶解度较小。目标导航知识梳
23、理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦
24、SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航一二二、氨碱法与联合制碱法的比较1.综合比较目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUIT
25、ANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航一二2.工艺流程比较 目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标
26、导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZH
27、ISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航一二特别提醒(1)向饱和食盐水中通入氨气和二氧化碳的顺序容易答反。应先通氨气再通二氧化碳,因为氨气在水中的溶解度大,先通氨气可以吸收更多的二氧化碳,有利于生成较多的碳酸氢钠而析出。(2)在氨碱法和联合制碱法的过程中,CO2均可循环利用。目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIA
28、N随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航
29、知识点1知识点2氨碱法生产纯碱【例题1】根据氨碱法的原理,首先配制氨化饱和食盐水,即向饱和食盐水中加入氨水(体积比11)并充分搅拌;再将二氧化碳通入氨化饱和食盐水中,控制一定的温度,直至有碳酸氢钠析出。请回答下列问题:(1)用化学方程式分别表示出氨和二氧化碳在水中产生(2)向饱和食盐水中加入氨水和通入二氧化碳的先后顺序是先加氨水后通二氧化碳。是否可以先通二氧化碳后加氨水?为什么?。(3)写出氨碱法生成碳酸氢钠的化学方程式:。目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHO
30、NGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYA
31、NLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航知识点1知识点2解析：在通常状况下,氨在1体积水中溶解近700体积,二氧化碳在1体积水中仅溶解约1体积。所以应先向饱和食盐水中通入NH3,然后再通CO2,这样会使溶液里(2)不可以。在常温下,氨在饱和食盐水中的溶解度很大,二氧化碳在饱和食盐水中的溶解度较小。若先通二氧化碳后加氨水,溶液里只能产生很小浓度的目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练
32、DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航知识点1知
33、识点2联合制碱法【例题2】侯德榜制碱法,也叫联合制碱法,其生产流程可简要表示为下图:(1)向沉淀池中通入CO2和NH3时,应先通入。原因是。(2)沉淀池中发生反应的化学方程式是;煅烧炉中发生反应的化学方程式是。目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUX
34、I典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航知识点1知识点2(3)向母液中通氨气并加入细小的食盐颗粒,冷却析出的副产品是,通入NH3的作用是(填选项)。B.使NaHCO3更多地析出C.使NaHCO3转化为N
35、a2CO3,提高析出的NH4Cl纯度(4)为提高原料氯化钠的利用率,主要是设计了循环(填上述流程中的编号),物质X是。从沉淀池中分离沉淀的操作是。(5)CO2是制碱工业的重要原料,侯德榜制碱法和氨碱法中CO2的来源有何不同?。(6)产品纯碱中含有碳酸氢钠,可以用加热分解的方法测定产品中纯碱的质量分数,已知样品质量为ag,加热至质量不再改变时称重为bg,则纯碱的质量分数为。目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLI
36、AN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导
37、航知识点1知识点2解析：(1)联合制碱法的反应原理为NH3+CO2+NaCl+H2ONaHCO3+NH4Cl,为能够生成更多的NaHCO3,可以利用氨气极易溶于水的性质,先通入氨气至饱和,再通入CO2,可以吸收较多的CO2,否则若先通入CO2,因CO2溶解度小,不能生成大量的NaHCO3。(2)煅烧炉中利用NaHCO3的不稳定性,加热使其分解为Na2CO3、CO2和水,分解产生的CO2(X)可以循环使用。(3)母液为高浓度的NH4Cl溶液和饱和NaHCO3溶液,通入氨气提高溶液OH-的浓度,且提供的碱性环境可以将NaHCO3转化为溶解度更大的Na2CO3,得到更多、更纯的NH4Cl。(4)循环
38、操作将Na2CO3循环使用,可以将Na2CO3再次转化为NaHCO3,沉淀池中的碳酸氢钠可通过过滤得到。(5)从图可知,侯德榜制碱法中的CO2来自合成氨厂,氨碱法制取纯碱的生产中,CO2则是由石灰石分解制得的。目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUX
39、I典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航知识点1知识点2(6)设样品中NaHCO3的质量为m2NaHCO3Na2CO3+CO2+H2Om168g62gmag-bg目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航
40、知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIA
41、N随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航知识点1知识点2答案：(1)NH3CO2在饱和食盐水中溶解度小,而NH3易溶于水,先通入NH3有利于CO2的吸收(3)NH4ClAC(4)CO2过滤(5)前者CO2是由合成氨厂提供,后者CO2是由碳酸钙分解得到目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦
42、SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI
43、TOUXI典例透析目标导航1 2 3 4 51下列反应原理在索尔维制碱法中没有使用的是()解析：A项在索尔维制碱法中用于回收NH3;C项用于制备纯碱;D项用于制备NaHCO3。答案：B目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHIS
44、HISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航1 2 3 4 52纯碱是一种重要的化工原料。目前制碱工业主要有“氨碱法”和“联合制碱法”两种工艺。下列说法错误的是()A.“联合制碱法”是在“氨碱法”的基础上进行技术革新的成果B.“联合
45、制碱法”和“氨碱法”所用的氨都取自合成氨厂C.“联合制碱法”和“氨碱法”所用的CO2都来自石灰石的分解D.“联合制碱法”的副产品是氯化铵,“氨碱法”的副产品是氯化钙解析：“氨碱法”所用的CO2来自石灰石的分解;“联合制碱法”将合成氨厂和制碱厂联合进行生产,利用合成氨厂制造氢气时的副产品CO2作为制碱的原料。答案：C目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISH
46、ULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航1 2 3 4 53与索尔维制碱法相比,侯德榜制碱法最突
47、出的优点是()A.原料利用率高B.设备少C.循环利用的物质多D.原料易得解析：联合制碱法,生产了副产品NH4Cl,所以提高了原料的利用率。答案：A目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN
48、JUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航1 2 3 4 54反应NaCl+CO2+NH3+H2ONaHCO3+NH4Cl是著名的“侯氏制碱法”的重要反应。下面是4位同学对该反应涉及的有关知识发表的部分见解。其中错误的是()目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识
49、梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随
50、堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航1 2 3 4 5解析：析出NaHCO3后的溶液为NaHCO3的饱和溶液。答案：C目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦
51、SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航1 2 3 4 55侯氏制碱法的步骤如下:试回答下列问题:(1)若上述的悬浊液是NaHCO3和NH4Cl的
52、混合液,则和的总反应方程式为。(2)由这一反应可知NaCl比NaHCO3溶解度。(3)操作、不能颠倒的原因是。(4)的操作叫。(5)的操作叫。目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航知识梳理重难聚焦典例透析目标导航目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJU
53、JIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航ZHISHISHULI知识梳理ZHONGNANJUJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLITOUXI典例透析目标导航1 2 3 4 5解析：(1)根据反应物和生成物可写出总反应方程式。(2)由制备步骤可知,第步得到的悬浊液含有NaHCO3固体,说明NaCl的溶解度比NaHCO3的溶解度大。答案：(1)NaCl+NH3+CO2+H2ONaHCO3+NH4Cl(2)大(3)CO2在水中的溶解度较小,后通NH3不可能产生大量,(4)过滤(5)煅烧
