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1、The Passive Voice语态：表示语态：表示主语主语和和谓语动词谓语动词之间的关系。之间的关系。英语有英语有两种语态两种语态，即，即主动语态主动语态和和被动语态被动语态。 主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。如：如：Many students study English.(主动语态主动语态) English is studied by many students. (被动语态被动语态)语态语态 助动词助动词be有人称、数的变化有人称、数的变化,其变化其变化规则与规则与be作为连系动词时
2、一样。作为连系动词时一样。如：如：The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood.He is asked a question by the teacher.被动语态的结构被动语态的结构助动词助动词be+及物动词及物动词的过去分词的过去分词不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构1.1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：一般现在时的被动语态结构：by many students.1.Many students study English.English is studied2.They make shoes in that
3、factory.Shoes are madeby themin that factory.1.把主动语态的把主动语态的宾语宾语变为被动语态的变为被动语态的主语主语。2.把主动语态的把主动语态的谓语谓语变为被动语态的变为被动语态的谓语谓语。3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by 短语。（短语。（ by短语可以省。短语可以省。 by短语短语 后跟代词的宾格。）后跟代词的宾格。）by the teacher.3.The teacher often asks him questions.Heis asked questionsShe waters the flowers
4、every day.The flowersWhat does she do every day?every day.are watered by herThey do their homework after school.Their homework is done by them after school.He plays basketball every week. Basketball is played by him every week.They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.They o
5、ften use computers in class.We make these machines in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.Practice1. They bought ten computers last term by them last term.2.2.一般过去时的被动语态结
6、构：一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were +过去分词过去分词last year.2.We planted many trees last year.Many trees were plantedTen computerswere bought3. I bought a computer last term A computer was bought (by me) last term.The students planted many trees yesterday.Many trees were planted by the students yesterday.They built
7、the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classroom just now.They used this room for resting.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room
8、was used for resting by them.3.3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：一般将来时的被动语态结构：will be+过去分词过去分词1.They will finish the work in ten days.by them in ten days.The work will be finished2.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.The room will be cleaned by Tom tomorrow.We will have a sports meeting next week.Children will take some
9、photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.A sports meeting will be had by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.4.4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should + be+过去
10、分词过去分词1.Amy can take good care of Gina by Amy.Ginacan be taken good care of2.You should drink more water.More water should be drunkby you. Ann can take good care of the cats The cats can be taken good care of by Ann.情态动词情态动词(model verb)： S+ can/must/should等情态动词等情态动词 + be+过去分词过去分词We should clean the
11、classroom every day.The classroom should be cleaned by us every day. He can carry the basket. The basket can be carried by him.1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well. The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture
12、 may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.5.5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构现在进行时的被动语态的结构is / am / are + being 过去分词过去分词1.Some workers are painting the rooms nowby some workers now.The rooms are being painted2.He is watching TV.TVis being watched by him.6.6.现在完成
13、时的被动语态的结构现在完成时的被动语态的结构have / has been 过去分词过去分词1.We have made twenty more keysby us.Twenty more keys have been made2.We have finished our compositions.Our compositions have been finished by us.表格：被动态基本结构时态时态被动语态结构被动语态结构一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时am
14、/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being doneshall/will/be going to be donewould be donehave/has been donehad been doneSuch books are written for children. Such books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。这些书是为儿童写的。这些书是为儿童写的。这些书是为儿童写的。I havent been told about it . I havent been told
15、 about it . 没有人告诉我这件事没有人告诉我这件事没有人告诉我这件事没有人告诉我这件事被动语态的用法被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.Its / was said / believed / reported / + that Its reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake. 据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。 （2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。短语
16、。The cup was broken by David.（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型.填空（完成被动语态填空）填空（完成被动语态填空） 1. They often clean their classroom after school . （改为被动语态）（改为被动语态） Their classroom _ often _ by them after school. 2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上）（同上） A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week . isclean
17、edwas given byPractice3. A lot of people in China can speak English now . （同上）（同上） English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now. 4. I have learned English for about two years. （同上）（同上） English _ _ _ for about two years. 5. They will publish these story-books next month. （同上）（同上） These story-books _
18、 _ _ next month. can be spokenhas been learnedwill be publishedPractice 1.Our school _in 1993.(open)2.The young trees must_ _ _ well. (look after)3. _ this building_(build)last year?4.The book _ _(write)by him last year.5.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (举行) in UK in 2012.was openedbe looked afterWas built was writtenbe held完成下列句子：完成下列句子：Practice
