《中医学教学课件：14 经络学英语班》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《中医学教学课件：14 经络学英语班（41页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、针灸学针灸学science of acupuncture and moxibustionscience of acupuncture and moxibustion经络学经络学 meridian and collateralmeridian and collateral腧穴学腧穴学 acupointacupoint刺灸学刺灸学 manipulating techniquesmanipulating techniques针灸治疗学针灸治疗学 clinical remedyclinical remedy针灸的三大作用针灸的三大作用：the three main effects of acupunc
2、ture and moxibustion镇痛镇痛 analgesia调节机体状态调节机体状态body status regulation调节免疫调节免疫 immune regulation经络的概念：经络的概念：what is meridian and collateral?经，有路径的含义；经脉贯通上下，沟通内外，是经络系统中的主干。经，有路径的含义；经脉贯通上下，沟通内外，是经络系统中的主干。络，有网络的含义；络脉是经脉别出之分支，较经脉细小，纵横交错，络，有网络的含义；络脉是经脉别出之分支，较经脉细小，纵横交错，遍布全身。遍布全身。经络内属于脏腑，外络于支节，沟通脏腑与体表组织之间，将人
3、体脏经络内属于脏腑，外络于支节，沟通脏腑与体表组织之间，将人体脏腑组织器官联系成为一个有机的整体，并借以行气血、营阴阳，使人腑组织器官联系成为一个有机的整体，并借以行气血、营阴阳，使人体各部的功能活动得以保持协调和相对的平衡。体各部的功能活动得以保持协调和相对的平衡。经络是经脉与络脉的统称、总称。经络是经脉与络脉的统称、总称。Meridians include both meridians and collaterals, which Qi and blood circulate in. Meridians and collaterals make the inner organs conne
4、ct with the outer tissues, and the body is made as an organic whole .经络系统的组成：经络系统的组成：system 手三阴、手三阳；足三阴、足三阳手三阴、手三阳；足三阴、足三阳 十二经脉十二经脉 muscle and tendon along the twelve meridians 十二经别、十二经筋、十二皮部十二经别、十二经筋、十二皮部 经脉经脉 divergent meridians cutaneous meridians meridian 督脉、任脉、冲脉、带脉督脉、任脉、冲脉、带脉 Governor vessel C
5、onception vessel Thoroughfare vessel Belt vessel 奇经八脉奇经八脉 阴跷脉、阳跷脉、阴跷脉、阳跷脉、经络经络 eight extra meridian yin heel vessel yang heel vessel 阴维脉、阳维脉阴维脉、阳维脉 yin link vessel yang link vessel 络脉络脉- 十五络脉十五络脉 collateral十二经别十二经别 divergent meridian从十二经脉分出，分布于胸腹和头部，沟通表里两经并加强与脏腑的从十二经脉分出，分布于胸腹和头部，沟通表里两经并加强与脏腑的联系。期间有联
6、系。期间有“离、合、出、入离、合、出、入”的关系。从十二经脉分出称的关系。从十二经脉分出称“离离”（别），进入胸腹腔称（别），进入胸腹腔称“入入”，于头颈部出来称，于头颈部出来称“出出”，又与表里，又与表里经脉会合称经脉会合称“合合”。the divergent meridians go deep into body , associate with the viscera, and strengthen the internal and external relation.The divergent meridians are marked by stemming, entering, ou
7、tthrusting and combination.stemming: below the elbow and knee branches parallel to the meridians.entering:go into body, interior and exterior relation.outthrusting:come out in the superficial of the skin over head or bination: yin and yang meridian strengthen the relation.十二经筋十二经筋 musclatrue zone筋，说
8、文解释作“肉之力也”，意指能产生力量的肌肉；而“腱”是筋之本，是筋附着于骨骼的部分。全身筋肉按部位分为手足三阴三阳，即为十二经筋。经筋各起于四肢末端，结聚于关节和骨骼部，有的进入胸腹腔，但不象经脉那样属络脏腑。Muscle around the meridian: Abbreviation for the meridians, which includes yin-yang and hand-foot. They are from the four limbs, and are connected with musclature and joint. 十二皮部十二皮部 skin divisio
9、n经脉、经别、络脉、经筋，大体上都是分手足三阴三阳，在体表的皮经脉、经别、络脉、经筋，大体上都是分手足三阴三阳，在体表的皮肤也是按经络来分区，称作皮部。以皮肤也是按经络来分区，称作皮部。以皮络络经经腑腑脏，来表现疾脏，来表现疾病传变的层次（脏腑、经络的病变能反应到皮部）。病传变的层次（脏腑、经络的病变能反应到皮部）。The functional regions of the skin work as the reflection of the regular meridians, which includes yin-yang and hand-foot.The sequence of the
10、 progress in illness are usually like skin-collateral-meridian-fu organ-zang organ.十二经脉的组成与流注关系：十二经脉的组成与流注关系：手太阴肺经手太阴肺经 手阳明大肠经手阳明大肠经足阳明胃经足阳明胃经 足太阴脾经足太阴脾经手少阴心经手少阴心经 手太阳小肠经手太阳小肠经足太阳膀胱经足太阳膀胱经 足少阴肾经足少阴肾经手厥阴心包经手厥阴心包经 手少阳三焦经手少阳三焦经足少阳胆经足少阳胆经 足厥阴肝经足厥阴肝经（肺经）（肺经） 口诀：肺大胃脾心小肠，膀肾包焦胆肝（肺）口诀：肺大胃脾心小肠，膀肾包焦胆肝（肺） 十二经脉属
11、络脏腑及其表里关系十二经脉属络脏腑及其表里关系十二经脉属络脏腑及其表里关系十二经脉属络脏腑及其表里关系 The interior and exterior The interior and exterior The interior and exterior The interior and exterior relaionsrelaionsrelaionsrelaions of meridian of meridian of meridian of meridian Taiyin-YangminTaiyin-YangminTaiyin-YangminTaiyin-Yangmin Taiyan
12、g-ShaoyinTaiyang-ShaoyinTaiyang-ShaoyinTaiyang-Shaoyin Shaoyang-JueyinShaoyang-JueyinShaoyang-JueyinShaoyang-Jueyin十五络脉十五络脉 collateral十二经脉在四肢部各分出一络，再加上躯干部的任脉络（身前）、督十二经脉在四肢部各分出一络，再加上躯干部的任脉络（身前）、督脉络（身后）及脾之大络（身侧），总称为十五络脉。四肢部的十二脉络（身后）及脾之大络（身侧），总称为十五络脉。四肢部的十二络，主要沟通表里两经，又有循行路线补充经脉循行的不足；躯干部络，主要沟通表里两经，又有循行路
13、线补充经脉循行的不足；躯干部的三络，分布于身前、身后与身侧，起渗灌气血的作用。络脉与经别的三络，分布于身前、身后与身侧，起渗灌气血的作用。络脉与经别都是加强表里两经间的关系，所不同的是，经别主内，没有所属穴位，都是加强表里两经间的关系，所不同的是，经别主内，没有所属穴位，也没有所主病症；而络脉主外，各有一络穴，并有所主病症。也没有所主病症；而络脉主外，各有一络穴，并有所主病症。Each of the 14 meridians(12regular meridians and GV CV), together with the great collateral of spleen, which s
14、trengthen the exterior and interior relation.The collateral of 12 regular meridian are on the limbs, while the rest three are on the anterior posterior and the lateral side of the body. Divergent meridians and collaterals are the same in function to strengthen the extorior and interior relation.The
15、former dominates the internal and without any points of any indication while the latter dominates the external with the connecting acupoints of certain indication.经络的功能：经络的功能：the function of meridian运行气血，协调阴阳运行气血，协调阴阳to circulates the Qi and harmonize the yin-yang抗御病邪，反映症侯抗御病邪，反映症侯to resist the dise
16、ase and reflect the symptoms传导感应，调整虚实传导感应，调整虚实induction and response regulating the sthnia and asthnia生理功能生理功能 physical function联系脏腑肢体联系脏腑肢体 associate with the viscera and limbs运行气血运行气血to circulates the Qi and blood营内卫外营内卫外to nourishing the internal and protect the external病理反应病理反应 pathological refl
17、ection疾病传变（皮毛疾病传变（皮毛-孙脉孙脉-络脉络脉-经脉）经脉）the progress of the disease气血阻滞气血阻滞疼痛肿胀疼痛肿胀the stagnation of Qi and blood气血郁积化热气血郁积化热红肿热痛红肿热痛the heat from stasis-inflamation气血运行不足气血运行不足麻木不仁麻木不仁the poor circulation of Qi and blood-numb临床诊断临床诊断 clinical diagnosis辩证归经辩证归经 syndrome differentiation and tropism经络腧穴诊
18、断经络腧穴诊断 diagnosis based on meridian and acupoints切脉诊断切脉诊断 diagnosis based on pulse-taking望色诊断望色诊断 diagnosis based on observation临床防治临床防治clinical prevention and remedy经络所过，主治所及经络所过，主治所及Indication according to the route of meridians药物归经药物归经Medication and tropism预防保健预防保健Healthcare&prevention十二经脉的分布：十二经
19、脉的分布：Distribution特点：左右对称分布头面躯干和四肢，纵贯全身。特点：左右对称分布头面躯干和四肢，纵贯全身。feature: symmetry, head, trunk and limbs, as a whole阴经：分布四肢的内侧和胸腹阴经：分布四肢的内侧和胸腹yin meridian: inner side of limbs, the chest and belly 阳经：分布四肢的外侧和头面躯干阳经：分布四肢的外侧和头面躯干yang meridian: outer side of limbs, head and face, back上肢内侧：手三阴经上肢内侧：手三阴经 in
20、ner side of upper limb hang-yin下肢内侧：足三阴经下肢内侧：足三阴经 outer side of upper limb hang-yang上肢外侧：手三阳经上肢外侧：手三阳经 inner side of lower limb hang-yin下肢外侧：足三阳经下肢外侧：足三阳经 outer side of lower limb hang-yang十二经脉的分布：十二经脉的分布：Distribution阳经走向：阳经走向：the trend of yang meridian阳明在前，少阳在中，太阳在后。阳明在前，少阳在中，太阳在后。anterior yang-min
21、,middle shao-yang,posterior tai-yang阴经走向：阴经走向：上肢：太阴在前，厥阴在中，少阴在后。上肢：太阴在前，厥阴在中，少阴在后。upper limbs:anterior tai-yin,middle jue-yin,posterior shao-yin下肢：下肢：lower limbs: watershed from 8 cun of the malleolus内踝八寸以下（厥阴在前，太阴在中，少阴在后）；内踝八寸以下（厥阴在前，太阴在中，少阴在后）；anterior jue-yin,middle tai-yin,posterior shao-yin八寸以上
22、（太阴在前，厥阴在中，少阴在后）。八寸以上（太阴在前，厥阴在中，少阴在后）。anterior jue-yin,middle tai-yin,posterior shao-yin十二经脉的连接与交接十二经脉的连接与交接:Connection连接：连接：手三阴从胸走手、手三阴从胸走手、hand yin meridian from chest to hand手三阳从手走头、手三阳从手走头、hand yang meridian from hand to head足三阳从头走足、足三阳从头走足、foot yang meridian from head to foot足三阴从足走腹（胸）。足三阴从足走腹（
23、胸）。foot yin meridian from foot to belly(chest)交接：交接：阴经与阳经交接于四肢部；阴经与阳经交接于四肢部；yin and yang meridians are connected at the limbs阳经与阳经交接于头面部；阳经与阳经交接于头面部；yang and yang meridians are connected at the head阴经与阴经交接于胸部。阴经与阴经交接于胸部。yin and yin meridians are connected at the belly(chest)十二经脉各条经的分布：十二经脉各条经的分布：手太阴
24、肺经：手太阴肺经：hand taiyin lung胸旁胸旁chest上肢内侧前上肢内侧前radial part of upper limb in the inner side大指大指 thumbs手厥阴心包经：手厥阴心包经：hand jueyin pericardium 乳旁乳旁chest上肢内侧中上肢内侧中middle part of the upper limb in the inner side中指中指 middle finger手少阴心经：手少阴心经：hand shaoyin heart腋下腋下oxter上肢内侧后上肢内侧后ulnar part of the upper limb in
25、 the inner side小指小指十二经脉各条经的分布：十二经脉各条经的分布：手阳明大肠经：手阳明大肠经：hand yangming large intestine次指次指上肢外侧前上肢外侧前肩前肩前颈颈鼻旁鼻旁index finger,radial part of upper limb in the outer side, anterior of shoulder,neck,nose 手少阳三焦经：手少阳三焦经：hand shaoyang triple energizer中指中指上肢外侧中上肢外侧中肩后肩后颈颈耳后耳后眉梢眉梢middle finger, middle part of u
26、pper limb in the outer side, posterior of shoulder, neck, post aurem, eyebrow手太阳小肠经：手太阳小肠经： hand taiyang small intestine小指小指上肢外侧后上肢外侧后肩胛肩胛颈颈耳前耳前little finger, ulnar part of upper limb in the outer side, scapula, neck,preauricular十二经脉各条经的分布：十二经脉各条经的分布：足阳明胃经：足阳明胃经：foot yangming stomach目下目下面周面周颈前颈前胸腹第二
27、侧线胸腹第二侧线下肢外侧前下肢外侧前次趾次趾eye,face,neck,the 2nd track of body, anterior of lower limbs in the outer side, the second toe足少阳胆经：足少阳胆经：foot shaoyang gallbladder外皉外皉头颞头颞项侧项侧胁腰侧胁腰侧下肢外侧中下肢外侧中第四趾第四趾the outer side of orbit,temporal,neck,hypochondrium, middle of lower limbs in the outer side,the fourth toe足太阳膀胱经
28、：足太阳膀胱经：foot taiyang urinary bladder内皉内皉头顶第一侧线头顶第一侧线项后项后背腰第一、二侧线背腰第一、二侧线骶骶下肢外侧后下肢外侧后小趾小趾the inner side of orbit,the 1st track of hea ,neck, 1st and 2nd track of back, sacrum,posterior of lower limbs in the outer side,the little toe十二经脉各条经的分布：十二经脉各条经的分布：足太阴脾经：足太阴脾经：foot taiyin spleen大趾内大趾内下肢内侧前、中下肢内侧
29、前、中胸腹第三侧线胸腹第三侧线inner side of big toe, anterior and middle lower limbs in the inner side, the 3rd track of chest and belly.足厥阴肝经：足厥阴肝经：foot jueyin liver大趾外大趾外下肢内侧中、前下肢内侧中、前阴部阴部胁部胁部outer side of big toe, middle and anterior lower limbs in the inner side,perineum，hypochondrium足少阴肾经：足少阴肾经：foot shaoyin k
30、iney小趾下小趾下足心足心下肢内侧后下肢内侧后胸腹第一侧线胸腹第一侧线the little toe, the sole centre,posteroir lower limbs in the inner side, the 1st track of chest and belly.The twelve meridians手太阴肺经：手太阴肺经： Lung meridian of hand-taiyin 胸旁胸旁上肢内侧前上肢内侧前大指大指The twelve meridians手厥阴心包经：手厥阴心包经： Pericardium meridian of hand-jueyin 乳旁乳旁上肢内
31、侧中上肢内侧中中指中指The twelve meridians手少阴心经：手少阴心经： Heart meridian of hand-shaoyin 腋下腋下上肢内侧后上肢内侧后小指小指The twelve meridians手阳明大肠经：手阳明大肠经：Large intestine meridian of hand-yangming鼻旁鼻旁颈颈肩前肩前上肢外侧前上肢外侧前次指次指The twelve meridians手少阳三焦经：手少阳三焦经：Triple energizer meridian of hand-shaoyang眉梢眉梢耳后耳后颈颈肩后肩后上肢外侧中上肢外侧中中指中指The
32、twelve meridians手太阳小肠经：手太阳小肠经：Small intestine meridian of hand-taiyang耳前耳前颈颈肩胛肩胛上肢外侧后上肢外侧后小指小指The twelve meridians足阳明胃经：足阳明胃经：Stomach meridian of foot-yangming目下目下面周面周颈前颈前胸腹第二侧线胸腹第二侧线下肢外侧前下肢外侧前次趾次趾The twelve meridians足少阳胆经：足少阳胆经： 外皉外皉头颞头颞项侧项侧胁腰侧胁腰侧下肢外侧中下肢外侧中第四趾第四趾Gallbladder meridian of foot-shaoyan
33、gThe twelve meridians足太阳膀胱经：足太阳膀胱经： 内皉内皉头顶第一侧线头顶第一侧线项后项后背腰第一、二侧线背腰第一、二侧线骶骶下肢外侧后下肢外侧后小趾小趾Bladder meridian of foot-taiyangThe twelve meridians足太阴脾经：足太阴脾经：大趾内大趾内下肢内侧前、中下肢内侧前、中胸腹第三侧线胸腹第三侧线Spleen meridian of foot-taiyinThe twelve meridians足厥阴肝经：足厥阴肝经： 大趾外大趾外下肢内侧中、前下肢内侧中、前阴部阴部胁部胁部Liver meridian of foot-ju
34、eyinThe twelve meridians足少阴肾经：足少阴肾经： 小趾下小趾下足心足心下肢内侧后下肢内侧后胸腹第一侧线胸腹第一侧线Kidney meridian of foot-shaoyin奇经八脉及其功能：奇经八脉及其功能：The extraordinary meridian and its function:与十二正经不同，既不属于脏腑，又无表里配合关系，与十二正经不同，既不属于脏腑，又无表里配合关系，“别道其行别道其行”，故称奇经。，故称奇经。There is no external-internal relation, and no pertaining viscera fo
35、r extraordinary meridians compare to 12 regular meridians. 奇经八脉的作用包括：奇经八脉的作用包括：奇经八脉的作用包括：奇经八脉的作用包括：沟通十二经脉之间联系；对十二经脉气血有蓄积和渗灌的调节作用。沟通十二经脉之间联系；对十二经脉气血有蓄积和渗灌的调节作用。The effects are to accumulate and regulate the Qi and blood in the regular meridians, and to associate the meridians together.奇经八脉的分布：奇经八脉的分布
36、：1 1 督督脉脉循循行行于于脊脊背背正正中中，上上至至头头面面。诸诸阳阳经经与与其其交交会会，故故有有“阳阳脉脉之之海海”之称。具有总领阳经经气的作用。之称。具有总领阳经经气的作用。The governor vessel goes upwards along the spine to the head, connected with all yang meridians, called the sea of yang meridian, is the leading regulation of Qi in yang meridian.2 2 任任脉脉循循行行于于胸胸腹腹正正中中，上上抵抵颏颏
37、部部，诸诸阴阴经经与与其其交交会会，故故有有“阴阴脉脉之之海海 之称。具有承受阴经经气的作用。之称。具有承受阴经经气的作用。The conception vessel goes upwards along the anterior midline through belly and chest to the mentum,connected with all yin meridians, called the sea of yin meridian, is the leading regulation of Qi in yin meridian.奇经八脉的分布奇经八脉的分布:3 3 冲冲脉脉与
38、与足足少少阴阴肾肾经经并并行行，上上至至目目下下。十十二二经经脉脉与与其其汇汇聚聚，故故有有“十十二二经脉之诲经脉之诲“之称，又称之称，又称“血海血海”，具有涵蓄十二经气血的作用。，具有涵蓄十二经气血的作用。The throughfare vessel goes along with the kidney meridian till the eyes, associated with 12 regular meridians,called the sea of 12 meridians, is accumulating of Qi and blood in 12 meridians.4 4 带
39、脉起于季胁，环腰一周，状如束带，有总束诸经的作用。带脉起于季胁，环腰一周，状如束带，有总束诸经的作用。Belt vessel originates below the hypochondrium,runs around the waist and belly as the restriction ring of meridians.奇经八脉的分布：奇经八脉的分布：5.5.阳阳跷跷脉脉起起于于足足跟跟外外侧侧，并并足足太太阳阳经经上上行行( (下下肢肢外外侧侧、肩肩、头头部部）；阴阴跷跷脉脉起起于于足足跟跟内内侧侧，并并足足少少阴阴经经上上行行（下下肢肢内内侧侧、眼眼），两两脉脉分分别别循循行行
40、，交交会会于于目目内内呲呲，有有共共同同调节下肢运动等作用。调节下肢运动等作用。Yang heel vessel originates from the lateral heel,goes along with the urinary bladder meridian.Yin heel vessel originates from the medial heel,goes along with the urinary bladder meridian. Both of the heel vessel meets at the the inner side of orbit, which reg
41、ulates the movement of limbs. 7.7.阳阳维维脉脉起起于于足足跟跟部部，向向上上出出于于外外踝踝，沿沿下下肢肢外外侧侧、肩肩、头头顶顶，与与阳阳经经相相联联系系，主主一一身身之之表表；阴阴维维脉脉起起于于小小腿腿内内侧侧，沿沿下下肢肢内内侧侧、腹腹第第三三侧侧线线，颈颈，与与阴阴经经相相联联系系，主一身之里，两脉分别调节阴经和阳经的经气，以维持阴阳经之间的协调和平衡。主一身之里，两脉分别调节阴经和阳经的经气，以维持阴阳经之间的协调和平衡。Yang link vessel originates from the sole to the lateral heel, a
42、long the lateral legs to shouler till the top,connected with the yang meriian and dominates the external.Yin link vessel originates from the medial side of crus, along the medial legs to the 3rd track to neck,connected with yin meridian and dominates the internal. Both of the link vessel harmonize t
43、he balance of yin and yang to the coordination.循经感传现象及其现代研究循经感传现象及其现代研究感传线与古代经络线路的一致性感传线与古代经络线路的一致性the propagation track is similar to the ancient experience.the propagation track is similar to the ancient experience.不同的刺激源产生不同性质的感传感觉；（针刺：酸胀重麻冷热等；不同的刺激源产生不同性质的感传感觉；（针刺：酸胀重麻冷热等；指压：同针刺相似；电脉冲：流水感、虫跳感、蠕动
44、感；艾灸：热感、指压：同针刺相似；电脉冲：流水感、虫跳感、蠕动感；艾灸：热感、麻感）麻感）Different stimulation cause different Different stimulation cause different sensation.Egsensation.Eg, , needleing,acupresureneedleing,acupresure, , moxibustionmoxibustion and TENS. and TENS.双向传导（四肢末端除外）双向传导（四肢末端除外）bidirectionbidirection propagation propag
45、ation感传的宽度有粗细（四肢细：感传的宽度有粗细（四肢细：0.2-2cm;0.2-2cm;躯干粗：可达躯干粗：可达10cm10cm以上）以上）different in the width of propagationdifferent in the width of propagation感传速度较慢（感传速度较慢（10cm/s)slow reaction10cm/s)slow reaction感传可阻性；感传能回流（回移性）感传可阻性；感传能回流（回移性）block and refluxblock and reflux感传有停顿点（穴位）；感传有停顿点（穴位）；stop and paus
46、e at stop and pause at acupointsacupoints感传有趋病性（气至病所）感传有趋病性（气至病所）propagated sensation to illnesspropagated sensation to illness隐性感传隐性感传invisible propagationinvisible propagation国外对经络研究的概况国外对经络研究的概况神经论神经论Nerve（美国、前苏联、德国及意大利等）（美国、前苏联、德国及意大利等）经络活动是植物神经的活动，尤其是交感神经的活动。经络活动是植物神经的活动，尤其是交感神经的活动。The phenomen
47、a of meridian is vegetative nerve,mainly the sympathetic nerve肌肉论肌肉论Muscle（日本、朝鲜、韩国等）（日本、朝鲜、韩国等）经络是肌肉运动主因性流体波动通路系。经络是肌肉运动主因性流体波动通路系。The fluid wave of the muscle contraction leads to the meridian.特殊结构论特殊结构论Special texture（美洲、法国、瑞士、比利时等）（美洲、法国、瑞士、比利时等）既非神经，又非血管，却又和神经与血管有联系。既非神经，又非血管，却又和神经与血管有联系。Meridi
48、an is related to nerve and vessel, while it is not just the easily combination.整体现象整体现象 Systemic phenomena（美国、英国、日本）（美国、英国、日本）经络是人体的综合发生系统（包括肌肉、血管、神经、及骨骼等），是从生经络是人体的综合发生系统（包括肌肉、血管、神经、及骨骼等），是从生物出生起即有的系统。物出生起即有的系统。Meridian is the complex system from the birth with the comprehensive effects of muscle vessel nerve and etc.思考题：思考题：经络的概念经络的概念经络系统的组成经络系统的组成十二经脉的流注及其脏腑属络关系十二经脉的流注及其脏腑属络关系经络的功能经络的功能十二经脉的分布规律十二经脉的分布规律十二经脉的连接与交接十二经脉的连接与交接奇经八脉及其功能特点奇经八脉及其功能特点
