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1、句子的构成句子的构成 高考高考资源网源网 您身您身边的高考的高考专家家句子成分主主语谓语宾语表表语宾补定定语状状语1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语主语主语Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the ol
2、d.What he has said is true.谓语简单谓语:由由动词或或动词词组组成成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合复合谓语 由情由情态动词或助或助动词+动词;He can speak English well. 表语表语在系在系动词后的部分就是表后的部分就是表语常常见的系的系动词有有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,go et
3、c.系系动词不用于被不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.1.The war was over.2.They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.4.Im not quite myself today.5.Who was the first?6.He is out of condition.7.The book is what I need.宾语宾语宾语分分为直接直接宾语和和间接接宾语.直接直接宾语指指物物,间接接宾语指人指人.He gave me some books.间间接接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语.please pa
4、ss me the book.He bought me some flowers.I like my job.I love you.He wanted to leave here.They enjoyed playing computer games.宾语补足语宾语补足语I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep t
5、he dog out.We must keep it a secret.自自动语态变成被成被动语态后后,宾语补足足语变成主成主补. I last saw him playing near the river.He was last seen playing near the river.Theteacher caught the student cheating in the exam The student was caught cheating in the exam We made him monitor.He was made monitor.He pushed the door op
6、en.The door was pushed open.定语定语He is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you known bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my way home.(描画描画词词)(名名词词)(数数词词)(名名词词的一切格的一切格)(
7、动动名名词词)(如今分如今分词词)(过过去分去分词词)(副副词词)The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?There is nothing interesting in this book.状语状语用于修用于修饰描画描画词,副副词,动词,介介词短短语或句或句子子.可表示可表示时间,地点地点,缘由由,结果果,目的目的,方式方式,伴随伴随,条件条件,
8、程度程度,退退让,频率等率等.I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very inter
9、esting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.根本句型根本句型主主语+系系动词+表表语主系表主系表主主语+不及物不及物动词+其他成分其他成分主主语+及物及物动词+宾语主主谓宾主主语+及物及物动词+间接接宾语+直接直接宾语主主语+及物及物动词+宾语+宾补英英语句句子子的的根根本本构构造造可可以以归纳成成五五种种根根本本句句型型及其及其扩展、展、组合、省略或倒装。合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种根本句型，是掌握各种英语句子构造的根底。一：一： 主主谓二：二： 主系表主系表三：三： 主主谓宾四
10、：四： 主主谓间宾直直宾五：五： 主主谓宾宾补a， b， c， d， e， 1，Pleas tell us a story._2, She smiled._3. I have a lot work to do._4. His job is to train swimmers._5. He noticed a man enter the room._6. Please look at the picture._daebec三、同位三、同位语：同同同同位位位位语语 当当当当两两两两个个个个指指指指同同同同一一一一事事事事物物物物的的的的句句句句子子子子成成成成分分分分放放放放在在在在同同同同等等等
11、等位位位位置置置置时时，一一一一个个个个句句句句子子子子成成成成分分分分用用用用来来来来阐阐明明明明和和和和解解解解释释另另另另一一一一个个个个句句句句子子子子成分，成分，成分，成分，这这个句子成分就叫做它的同位个句子成分就叫做它的同位个句子成分就叫做它的同位个句子成分就叫做它的同位语语。We students should study hard. We students should study hard. (students(students是是是是wewe的同位的同位的同位的同位语语，都是指同一批，都是指同一批，都是指同一批，都是指同一批 学生学生学生学生 We all are stud
12、ents. We all are students. (all(all是是是是wewe的同位的同位的同位的同位语语，都指同，都指同，都指同，都指同样样的的的的 我我我我们们 一一) 挑出以下句中的挑出以下句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
13、 The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.(二二) 挑出以下句中的表挑出以下句中的表语- The old man was feeling very tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon They all became interested in the subject.(三三) 挑出以下句中的定挑出以下句中的定语1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3. The ma
14、n downstairs was trying to sleep.4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!(四四) 挑出以下句中的挑出以下句中的宾语补宾语补足足语语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I sa
15、w Mr Wang get on the bus.(五五) 挑出以下句中的状挑出以下句中的状语语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library
16、because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.划分句子成分划分句子成分1.You will tell your friend that youve got to school.2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.3.3. Another time five mo
17、nths ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4.4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.1.You will tell your friend that youve got to school.2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didntdare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to beUpstairs at dusk (when the window was open).4. The (dark, rainy) evening, the wind, the thunderingClouds held me entirely in their power.主语谓语间宾定语直接宾语缘由状由状语主语 谓语宾语
