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1、专题三时态与语态专题三时态与语态-2-基础考法能力考法考法1考查没有明显的时间标志的时态和语态谓语动词的时态、语态与语境的关系非常密切,特别是在语法填空题中。语境能够提示动作发生的时间和背景,暗示出动作的发出者和承受者的具体信息。而高考英语对动词时态和语态的考查则更加语境化,题干中多未给出明显的时间状语或标志词。【典型例题1】(2017全国卷)When fat and salt (remove) from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.解析:根据语境可知,此处应为一般现在时,主语fat and salt与动词remove之
2、间为被动关系,故要用被动语态形式,且主语fat and salt为复数,故要用are removed。考法总结提示信息没有紧紧跟在空前后,而是通过全文体现。-3-基础考法能力考法【典型例题2】(2016全国卷)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.I (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre center.
3、解析:句中没有明显的时间状语,根据句意可知,这里说的是“我被允许”。根据上一句的时态为一般过去时可以确定此处填一般过去时的被动语态。allow sb to do sth意为“允许某人做某事”,此处用其被动语态形式。故答案为was allowed。考法总结所给的提示词allow在句中做谓语,再根据主语和allow的逻辑关系判断语态。-4-基础考法能力考法考法2考查具有明显的时间标志的时态和语态此类题目通常有较明显的时间标志词,可能是明确的时间状语,也可能是动词、动词短语等标志词,而这些标志性词汇是考生判断时态的重要线索和依据。高考常考查的时态有:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过
4、去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时等。(1)若句中出现always,usually,every day/night/morning/evening,sometimes,often等词或短语时,通常用一般现在时,但有时也要依据上下文语境。-5-基础考法能力考法【典型例题3】(2015全国卷)This cycle (go) day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside tempera
5、tures.解析:冒号前为一个独立的句子,故此处填谓语动词。时间状语day after day意为“一天又一天”,常与一般现在时连用。结合下句的时态可知,此处应用一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。答案为goes。考法总结由冒号后的句子中的谓语动词warm up和cool off可知用一般现在时。-6-基础考法能力考法(2)若句中出现yesterday,last week/month/year,just now,the other day,in 1997,.years ago,the day before yesterday等词或短语时,则用一般过去时。【典型例题4】
6、(2014全国卷)In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland,Ohio.It (be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.解析:句意:1969年,位于俄亥俄州的克利夫兰附近的凯霍加河污染严重。当时很难想象这条河能够被清理干净。根据上一句中的时间状语In 1969可知,应用一般过去时。故填was。考法总结提示词为be动词,考虑设空处在句中做谓语;再根据上一句中的时间状语In 1969可知应该用一般过去时。-7-基础考法能力考法(3)若句
7、中出现look,listen,now,at present,at this moment,these days等词或短语时,则用现在进行时。【典型例题5】(2013北京卷改编)Hurry up!Mark and Carol (expect) us.解析:句意:快点!马克和卡罗尔正在等我们。根据“Hurry up!”可知,此处用现在进行时。故填are expecting。考法总结分析第二句的句子结构可知,句中缺少谓语;再根据标志短语Hurry up及句意判断用现在进行时。-8-基础考法能力考法(4)若句中出现then,at that time,those days等词或短语时,则用过去进行时。(
8、5)若句中出现tomorrow,next week,in the future,later on,the day after tomorrow等词或短语时,则用一般将来时。(6)若句中出现for.,since.,lately,recently,up to/till now,over the past.years,since then等词或短语时,则用现在完成时。(7)若句中出现by then,by that time,until then,“by the end of+过去时间”等词或短语时,则用过去完成时。-9-基础考法能力考法考法3考查主从复合句中前后时态的呼应(1)主句与状语从句时态的呼
9、应如果主句是一般将来时,那么在由when,before,until,if,as soon as等引导的表示将来的时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时替代一般将来时;若主句为一般过去时,则从句也用相应的过去时态。-10-基础考法能力考法【典型例题6】(2015全国卷)It was raining lightly when I (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.解析:句意:当我正好在拂晓前到达阳朔时,天空正下着小雨。分析句子结构可知,when引导时间状语从句,设空处在从句中做谓语,根据本句中的was raining可知,此处应用一般过去时。故答案为
10、arrived。考法总结when在句中引导时间状语从句,从句的时态应和主句的时态相呼应,结合主句的谓语动词was raining可知答案。-11-基础考法能力考法(2)主句与宾语从句时态的呼应当主句是现在时态或将来时态时,从句可用任何所需的时态。当主句是过去时态时,若从句与主句的动作同时发生,从句需用一般过去时或过去进行时;若从句描述的是一般真理或客观事实,即使主句用过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。(3)主句与定语从句时态的呼应定语从句中的动词应根据动词本身所涉及的时间运用恰当的时态。-12-基础考法能力考法考法4考查一些固定句式的时态英语中有一些句式的时态常常很固定,如果题干中出现这类句式,考
11、生应注意根据规则选用适当的时态。如:(1)It is the first/second/.time that sb have/has done.(2)It was the first/second/.time that sb had done.(3)Sb was/were doing sth when.did.(4)Hardly/Scarcely had sb done sth when.did.(5)No sooner had sb done than.did.-13-基础考法能力考法【典型例题7】(2013陕西卷改编)Jim (watch) a late night film at hom
12、e when,right in the middle of a thrilling scene,the television went blank.解析:句意:吉姆正在家里看一部午夜电影,就在看到一个扣人心弦的场景时,突然电视机黑屏了。Sb was/were doing sth when.did.意为“某人正在做某事时,突然”。故填was watching。考法总结分析句子成分可知,主句缺少谓语,且空后有when.went.,结合语境,when在此有“突然”之意,考虑此处为Sb was/were doing sth when.did.句式,便可得出答案。-14-基础考法能力考法考法1先“时间”
13、后“选体”,确定时态(1)考生在做有关时态的试题时,首先要确定动作发生的时间:根据句中明确的时间状语或是时间标志词来确定时间;根据上下文语境,挖掘其隐含信息,弄清时间的先后顺序,确定动作是发生在过去、现在还是将来。(2)对应不同的时间要根据以下几点确定时态的“体”:动作是否已完成、是否反复出现、是否是正在发生或进行中以及是否是按计划和安排要做的事情。-15-基础考法能力考法【典型例题1】(2016北京卷)Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars.We (wait)here for more than two hour
14、s.解析:句意:打扰一下,你们在等着看哪部电影?新的星球大战,我们已经在这里等候两个多小时了。根据时间状语for more than two hours可以推断,他们一直在等,而且说话的时候还在等,应该使用现在完成进行时。故填have been waiting。-16-基础考法能力考法考法2分析主谓的逻辑关系,确定语态根据主语和谓语之间的逻辑关系确定动词的语态。被动语态中的主谓部分除了明显的被动关系外,还有特殊用法,如主动形式表示被动含义。【典型例题2】(2014辽宁卷)Tai Chi (call) “shadow boxing” in English.解析:句意:太极在英语中被称为“shad
15、ow boxing”。Tai Chi与call之间是被动关系,故用被动语态,又因本句介绍的是一般事实,因此用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is called。-17-1.(2017全国卷改编)Our caf (offer) a complete menu of lunch and snack options,in addition to seasonal specials.2.(2016全国卷)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.offers考查主谓一致和一般现在时。句意:我们咖啡店提供完整的
16、午饭和小吃的菜单,还有时令特殊食品。is考查主谓一致和一般现在时。句意:把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知,该句中的主语为“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,且由often可知应用一般现在时。故填is。-18-3.Medicine should (keep) in drawers children cant reach,and all cleaning liquids in high cupboards.be kept考查被动语态。句子主语Medicine与keep构成动宾
17、关系,且情态动词后要接动词原形。故用被动语态be kept。4.This opening led to a cave,so the historians decided to have a look around it.The walls of the cave (cover) with ancient art.were covered考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析该句结构可知,主语The walls of the cave和动词cover之间是动宾关系,故用被动语态;且此处表示过去的状况,主语为复数。故填were covered。-19-5.So far efforts by indi
18、vidual countries (do) little to control the spread of terrorism.6.Sally (take) some courses at university,so she cant work fulltime at the moment.have done考查现在完成时。根据So far可知,应用现在完成时;主语为efforts。故填have done。is taking考查现在进行时。句意:萨莉在大学修着一些课程,所以目前不能全职工作。根据句意以及时间状语at the moment可知,这里应该用现在进行时,强调动作正在进行。-20-7.
19、In US high school,everything (record) and graded,including your grades on quizzes,tests and final examinations.8.Lincoln said,“Give me six hours to chop down a tree,and I(spend) the first four hours sharpening the axe(斧头).”is recorded考查一般现在时的被动语态。everything和谓语record之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且此处表示一般性的描述。故用一般现在时的被
20、动语态,即is recorded。will spend考查一般将来时。林肯说:“给我六个小时去砍倒一棵树,那么我会用头四个小时去磨斧子。”“祈使句+and+陈述句”是固定句式,陈述句中用一般将来时。-21-10.To our great relief,the exam turned out to be not so difficult as we(imagine).9.I (wear) glasses since I was in primary school and I hate them.They make me look like a bookworm.have been wearing
21、考查现在完成进行时。句意:从小学起我一直戴着眼镜,我讨厌它们。它们让我看起来像个书呆子一样。根据句意及since引导的时间状语从句可知,这里强调动作发生在过去,而且一直延续到现在并且对现在有影响,所以用现在完成进行时。had imagined考查过去完成时。句意:令我们宽慰的是,考试没有我们想象的那么难。从动作先后可知,as从句中的动作先于主句的动作发生,属于过去的过去,所以这里要使用过去完成时。-22-1.(2016全国卷改编)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for co
22、oking.2.Angela woke up early every morning to study a bit before class.3.The door cant be shut,so take all your valuable things with you.usingused考查被动语态。fresh vegetables和high quality oil与use之间存在动宾关系,故用被动语态。wokewakes考查一般现在时和主谓一致。由every morning可知,应用一般现在时;结合主语Angela可知,应用第三人称单数形式。删除be考查动词的语态。表示主语内在“品质”或
23、“性能”的不及物动词,如lock,shut,open,sell,cut等,应用其主动形式表被动意义。-23-4.Even if it rained,the football match will take place without delay next week.5.Caroline is the very person who give me a hand when necessary.6.This is the second time that I visited the famous national park.rainedrains考查一般现在时表将来。主句是一般将来时,让步状语从句
24、中应用一般现在时代替一般将来时,故应改为rains。givegives考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据“Caroline is the very person”可知,此处应用一般现在时,定语从句的先行词为person。故用gives。I后加have考查现在完成时。在“This/It is+the+序数词+time+that.”句式中,that从句的谓语动词应用现在完成时。-24-7.Instead of punishing me that day,my parents just hoped that I will never make such a foolish mistake again.8
25、.Just then,a car stopped on the right side,and the driver was offered to help push our car to the roadside.9.Unfortunately,when my husband went downstairs,he found the machine broke.willwould考查一般过去时。由that day及主句的一般过去时可知,宾语从句也应用一般过去时。故将will改为would。删除was考查动词语态。根据语境可知,句子主语the driver和谓语动词offered构成逻辑上的主谓
26、关系。故删除was。brokebroken考查过去分词用作形容词,做宾语补足语。 -25-10.Just now,Joanna is about to open the door for her son when the telephone rang.iswas考查过去将来时。句意:刚才,乔安娜准备去给她的儿子开门时电话响了。由rang和Just now可知,主句谓语动词动作为从过去某一点时间看将要发生的动作,故应用过去将来时。-26-If you dont mind 1.(pay) for a plane ticket to go to one of the greatest party c
27、ities in the world,then Prague may be 2. excellent choice for you.In 3.(real),the most expensive thing youll have to pay for will be that ticket.Once you get there,you 4.(find) an affordable hotel room easily with breakfast 5.(include).Prague is a city where the beer is 6.(simple) cheaper than water
28、.There you can taste 7. (fantasy) beers at very low prices and taste them to the fullest on the street or in a club.8. (be) you a fan of Irish music,you might visit Rock and Reillys Irish Pub.-27-There is enough room to get your groove(音乐节奏) on,as the people are always 9. a good mood.Youll be singin
29、g until you have no voice anymore,and have great quality drinks at a low cost.You dont need to book an accommodation near the center,as there is a subway train which will take you 10. you want to go in a matter of minutes.-28-.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了世界上最棒的聚会城市之一布拉格。1.paying考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你不介意买张机票去世界上最大的聚会城
30、市之一的话,那么布拉格可能会是一个绝佳的选择。动词mind后要接动词-ing形式做宾语,mind doing sth“介意做某事”。故填paying。2.an考查冠词。此处表示泛指,且excellent的读音以元音音素开头。故填不定冠词an。3.reality考查名词。句意:事实上,你将不得不买的最贵的东西将会是那张机票。in reality是固定搭配,意为“事实上,实际上”。4.will find考查时态。句意:一到达那里,你就会很容易找到一个你负担得起的、提供早餐的酒店房间。Once引导的时间状语从句用了一般现在时表将来,主句要用一般将来时。-29-5.included考查非谓语动词。此处
31、为with复合结构,其中breakfast与动词include之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词做宾语补足语。6.simply考查副词。句意:布拉格简直是一个啤酒比水还便宜的城市。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰形容词比较级cheaper,故要用副词simply“确实,简直”。7.fantastic考查形容词。句意:在那里你能以非常低的价格品尝到极好的啤酒。空处修饰名词beers,故用形容词fantastic“极好的”。8.Were考查虚拟语气。如果你喜欢爱尔兰音乐,那你可以去Rock and Reillys Irish Pub。根据语境及句子结构可知应填Were。本句是虚拟条件句。其中,if从句用了省略形式,补充完整为:If you were a fan of Irish music。9.in考查介词。固定短语in a good mood意为“心情好”。故填in。-30-10.wherever/where考查连词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的是一个地点状语从句,且此处指的是“因为有地铁会带你在几分钟内到达你想要去的(任何)地方”。故填wherever/where。
