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1、CulturalDifferencebetweenEnglishandChineseDefinitionofculture文化背景上的不同风俗上的不同联想上的不同制度、信仰和世界观不同社交礼节翻译方法文化背景上的不同Culture (1)The New World EncyclopediaItisthetotalityofthespiritual,intellectual,andartisticattitudessharedbyagroup,includingitstradition,habits,socialcustoms,morals,laws,andsocialrelations,Soc
2、iologically,everysociety,oneverylevel,hasitsculture;thetermhasnoimplicationsofhighdevelopment.文化背景上的不同Culture (2)翻译者必须是一个真正意义的文化人。人们全说:他必须掌握两种语言,确实如此;但是,不了解语言当中的社会文化,谁也无法真正掌握语言。王佐良翻译中的文化比较,19841翻译通讯翻译中对原文意思的理解,远远不是单纯的语言理解问题。语言是文化的组成部分,它受着文化的影响和制约。在翻译过程中,译者对某段文字理解的正确与否,在很大程度上取决于他对有关文化的了解。对于译者来说,没有两种文
3、化的对比知识,就无从谈起对语言文字的正确理解与表达。谭载喜文化背景上的不同Culture (3)Learningalanguageisakindoflearningthecultureandhabitofthecountrywherethelanguageisspoken.文化背景上的不同文化背景(1)骨瘦如柴beasleanasarake对牛弹琴tocastpearlsbeforeswine滚石不生苔arollingstonegathersnomass众人拾柴火焰高manyhandsmakelightwork.竹篮打水一场空drawingwaterinabamboobasketmeansdr
4、awingnothing.文化背景上的不同文化背景(2)Hoistyoursailwhenthewindisfair.好风快扬帆Stillwatersrundeep.静水流深Inacalmsea,everymanisapilot.海面平静,人人都可当舵手。Asmallleakwillsinkagreatship.小洞不堵要沉大船。文化背景上的不同风俗上的不同(1)Youarealuckydog.你是一个幸运儿。Everydoghashisday.凡人皆有得意日。Olddogwillnotlearnnewtricks.老人学不了新东西。sickasadogdog-tired文化背景上的不同风俗上
5、的不同(2)天生有福天生有福俄国人:俄国人:“穿着衬衣生下来的穿着衬衣生下来的”英国人:英国人:“生来嘴里就含着一把银勺生来嘴里就含着一把银勺”(born with a silver spoon in ones mouth) 德国人:德国人:“梳好了头才出世的梳好了头才出世的”“一箭双雕一箭双雕”或或 “一举两得一举两得”法语:法语:“一块石头打两处一块石头打两处”英文:英文:“一石打死二鸟一石打死二鸟”(to kill two birds with one stone)俄语:俄语:“一枪打死两只免子一枪打死两只免子”德语:德语:“一个拍子打两只苍蝇一个拍子打两只苍蝇” 文化背景上的不同联想上
6、的不同联想上的不同(1)Mr.Whiteisaverywhiteman.Hewaslookingrathergreentheotherday.Hehasbeenfeelingbluetoday.WhenIsawhim,hewasinabrownmood.Ihopehellsoonbeinthepinkagain.文化背景上的不同联想上的不同联想上的不同(2)山中无老虎,猴子称霸王Inthelandoftheblind,theone-eyedmanisking.如鱼得水likeaducktowater多如牛毛asplentifulasblackberries一箭之遥atstonesthrow水中
7、捞月tofishintheair石沉大海remainadeadletter半瓶子醋half-baked蠢得象猪asstupidasagoose文化背景上的不同联想上的不同联想上的不同(3)守口如瓶dumbasanoyster挥金如土tospendmoneylikewater烂醉如泥drunkasasailor画蛇添足gildthelily热锅上的蚂蚁likeacatonahottinroof湿得像落汤鸡aswetasadrownedrat瘦得象猴子asthinasashadow吹牛talkhorse如履薄冰totreaduponeggs棋逢对手diamondcutdiamond挂羊头卖狗肉cr
8、yupwineandsellvinegar文化背景上的不同制度、信仰和世界观不同制度、信仰和世界观不同关于颜色词语的理解关于颜色词语的理解RedGreenYellowBlueWhiteBlack文化背景上的不同Red(1)红旗redflag红糖brownsugar红茶blacktea红榜honorroll红豆lovepea红运goodluck红利dividend红事weddingredwine红酒redruin火灾redbattle血战redsky彩霞文化背景上的不同Red(2)贾宝玉神游太虚境,警幻仙曲演红楼梦。JiaoBaoyuvisitstheLandofIllusion;Andthef
9、airyDisenchantmentperformstheDreamofGoldenDays.贾宝玉品茶栊翠庵,刘姥姥醉窝怡红院。JiaBaoyutastessomesuperiorteaatGreenBowerHermitage;AndGrannieLiusamplesthesleepingaccommodationatGreenDelights.文化背景上的不同Green(1)“嫉妒、眼红”greenwithenvygreenasjealousygreen-eyedmonster文化背景上的不同Green(2)“钱财、钞票、有经济实力”InAmericanpoliticalelection
10、sthecandidatesthatwinareusuallytheoneswhohavegreenpowerbackingthem.在美国政治竞选中获胜的候选人通常都是些有财团支持的人物。文化背景上的不同Green(3)“没有经验、缺乏训练、知识浅薄”Thenewtypistisgreenatherjob.刚来的打字员是个生手。YoucannotexpectMarytodobusinesswithsuchpeople.Sheisonlyeighteenandasgreenasgrass.你不能指望玛丽同这样的人做生意,她只有十八岁,还毫无经验。文化背景上的不同Yellow(1)“胆小、卑怯、
11、卑鄙”ayellowdog可鄙的人,卑鄙的人ayellowlivered胆小鬼Heistooyellowtostandupandfight.他太软弱,不敢起来斗争。文化背景上的不同Yellow(2)特定颜色YellowPages黄页(电话号码簿,用黄纸印刷)YellowBook黄皮书(法国等国家的政府报告,用黄封面装帧)yellowboy(俗)金币文化背景上的不同Yellow(3)象征低级趣味、色情庸俗、下流猥亵pornographic(色情的)vulgar(庸俗下流的)obscene(猥亵的)bluejokes(下流的玩笑)bluefilms(黄色电影)文化背景上的不同Blue(1)“情绪低
12、落”、“心情沮丧”、“忧愁苦闷”Theyfeltratherblueafterthefailureinthefootballmatch.球赛踢输了,他们感到有些沮丧。Shelooksbluetoday.Whatsthematterwithher?Sheisinholidayblue.她今天显得闷闷不乐,出了什么事情?她得了假期忧郁症。文化背景上的不同Blue(2)“黄色的”、“下流的”bluetalk下流的言论bluevideo黄色录像文化背景上的不同Blue(3)社会地位高、出身名门的意义,如blueblood(贵族血统)othersoutofblue意想不到onceinablue千载难逢d
13、rinktillallsblue一醉方休文化背景上的不同White(1)英语中的white有时表达的含义,与汉语中的“白色”没有什么关系awhitelie善意的谎言thewhitecoffee牛奶咖啡whiteman善良的人,有教养的人white-livered怯懦的whiteelephant昂贵又无用之物文化背景上的不同White(2)汉语中有些与“白”字搭配的词组,实际上与英语white所表示的颜色也没有什么联系,而是表达另外的含义白开水plainboiledwater白菜Chinesecabbage白字wronglywrittenormispronouncedcharacter白搭nou
14、se白费事allinvain文化背景上的不同Black(1)象征气愤和恼怒blackintheface脸色铁青tolookblackatsomeone怒目而视文化背景上的不同Black(2)“阴险”、“邪恶”黑心evilmindbackstagemanipulator黑幕insidestory黑线asinisterlineblacksheep害群之马blackday凶日blackfuture暗淡的前途文化背景上的不同Others(1)历史方面:toraisetothepurple升为红衣主教tobeborninthepurple生于帝王之家tomarryintothepurple与皇室或贵族联
15、姻文化背景上的不同Others(2)社会方面:blue-collarworkers蓝领阶层,指普通体力劳动者grey-collarworkers灰领阶层,指服务行业的职员white-collarworkers白领阶层,指接受过专门技术教育的脑力劳动者pink-collarworkers粉领阶层,指职业妇女群体golden-collarpersonnel金领阶层,指既有专业技能又懂管理和营销的人才文化背景上的不同Others(3)经济方面:redink赤字intheblack盈利whitegoods白色货物,指冰箱、洗衣机等外壳为白色的家电产品browngoods棕色货物,指电视、录音机、音响等
16、外壳为棕色的电子产品文化背景上的不同社交礼节上的不同(1)你辛苦了Youmusthavehadatiringjourney.Youmustbetiredfromalongtrip?Welldone!Thatwasahardjob.Youvegotahardjob.文化背景上的不同社交礼节上的不同(2)饭桶good-for-nothing吃不开beunpopular吃不了兜着走landoneselfinserioustrouble吃不消beunabletostand吃不住beunabletobearorsupport吃老本liveoffonespastgains吃软不吃硬beopentopers
17、uasionbutnottocoercion吃闲饭leadanidlelife吃香beverypopularHehastakenthebreadoutofmymouth他砸了我的饭碗文化背景上的不同翻译方法直译意译其他文化背景上的不同直译(1)Easycome,easygo.来得容易,去得快Strikewhiletheironishot.趁热打铁Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧Exampleisbetterthanprecept.身教胜于言传文化背景上的不同直译(2)AllroadsleadtoRome.条条大道通罗马雪中送炭toofferfuelinsnowyweather
18、一人得道,鸡犬升天eventhedogswaggerswhenitsmasterwinfavor“瓜田李下”“瓜田不纳履,李下不整冠”Neitheradjustyourshoeinamelonpatch,noryourhatunderaplumtree。文化背景上的不同意译(意译(1)WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.“入乡随俗”“到什么山,唱什么歌”望子成龙toexpectonessontobecomeanoutstandingpersonageacatonhotbricks热锅上的蚂蚁天有不测风云Somethingunexpectedmayhappenanytime.文
19、化背景上的不同意译(意译(2)Achillesheel“阿克勒斯的脚后跟”“唯一致命的弱点”更恰当。Thedogthatwillfetchabonewillcarryabone.你说别人坏话,他也会说你的坏活。Westillloveeachotherverymuch,butwefightlikecatanddog.“我们常吵吵闹闹,但仍很相爱。”文化背景上的不同LaI7F3C0z)v&s#pXmUiRfOcK9H5E2B+x(u%rZoWkThQeMbJ8G4D1z-w*t!qYnVjSgPdLaI6F3C0y)v&s#pXlUiRfNcK9H5E2A+x(u$rZoWkThPeMbJ7G4D
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