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1、第二篇第二篇 句法句法宾语从句宾语从句复习要点复习要点1.宾语从句的主要类型宾语从句的主要类型2.宾语从句中应该注意的一些情宾语从句中应该注意的一些情况况（1） 引导词（引导词（2 ）宾语从句的语）宾语从句的语序序（3） 宾语从句的时态（宾语从句的时态（4 ）宾语）宾语从句的否定形式从句的否定形式（5 ）宾语从句中的特殊情形）宾语从句中的特殊情形The Object Clause 宾语从句宾语从句 宾宾语语从从句句是是英英语语中中用用来来充充当当宾宾语语的的句句子子。带带有有宾宾语语从从句句的的那那个个句句子子叫叫主主句句。宾宾语语从从句句一一般般由由“引引导导词词( (连连接接词词）+ +主
2、主语语+ +谓谓语语+ +其其它它”构构成，其语序是陈述句语序。成，其语序是陈述句语序。宾语从句的主要类型宾语从句的主要类型 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由由that引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that
3、) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?(宾语宾语）He
4、 asked whose handwriting was the best.（定语（定语）Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?（表语（表语）I dont know why the train is late.（状语（状语）3. 由由if或或whether引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。If和和whether在句中的意思是在句中的意思是“是否是否”。例如：例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.难点链接难点链接宾
5、语从句中应该注意的一些情况宾语从句中应该注意的一些情况 1.引导词引导词 由陈述句变来的宾语从句，用连词由陈述句变来的宾语从句，用连词 that 等引导，并且在口等引导，并且在口语中常常省略此词：语中常常省略此词：e.g. He said （ that ）he had a new dictionary . I know ( that ) Lucy can play football very well . 但是，如果但是，如果 that 引导的是几个表示并列关系的宾语从句时，引导的是几个表示并列关系的宾语从句时，最后一个最后一个 that 不能省略。不能省略。 e.g. I know ( th
6、at ) Tom comes from France and that he teaches in a middle school in Guilin now .难点链接难点链接 由一般疑问句转换而来的宾语从句，用由一般疑问句转换而来的宾语从句，用 whether 或或 if 引导，并且两词可以互用。但是引导，并且两词可以互用。但是 whether 可以和可以和 or not 连用，而连用，而 if 不能。不能。 e.g. I want to know whether ( if ) she still lives there . Please tell me whether you can c
7、ome or not . 由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句，由特殊疑问词由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句，由特殊疑问词 who , whom , whose , which , when , where , why , how 等等引导引导 。 e.g. I dont know whose book it is . Do you know where our English teacher lives ? The teacher asked what was happening . He wanted to know why you can play the piano so well .难点链接难点链接
8、2 .宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序 1.无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。的顺序。 e.g. Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum ? He asked him where he came from . Did you know whats the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterday？ Please tell me whe
9、re I can buy the beautiful flower .难点链接难点链接 2.若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是该用陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是 does 或或 did 时，要去掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数时，要去掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则要把这些助形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。动词放在主语的后面。 e.g. I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ? ” I ask
10、ed Tom what he liked best . The teacher asked me : “ Have you read the book ? ” The teacher asked me if I had read the book . He asked , “ Who can carry the box ? ” He asked who could carry the box . 难点链接难点链接3. 宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任
11、何一种时态。来使用需要的任何一种时态。如：如：I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态（一般过去时，（一般过去时， 过去进行时，过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）过去将来时，过去完成时） ，从而达到主句和，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。从句的相互一致。例如：例如：He as
12、ked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3. 当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。例如：例如：He said that the sun is much bi
13、gger than the moon .The teacher told the students that no news is good news . I know that he is an excellent student .The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health.难点链接难点链接4 . 宾语从句的否定形式宾语从句的否定形式 一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句是式是一样的。但若主句是I/ We think/ su
14、ppose/ I/ We think/ suppose/ guess/ believeguess/ believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。主句中。如：如：I dont think its going to rain .I dont believe she will lend you the money . 此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。疑问句要看主句。 He thinks he is r
15、ight, doesnt he?难点链接难点链接5 . 宾语从句中的特殊情形宾语从句中的特殊情形 在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意：在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意： 1）句式的转变：句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应该用而应该用 “to” 或或 “not to ”的句式来连接。的句式来连接。 e.g. Dont open the door . （用（用 they 作主语变为宾语作主语变为宾语从句）从句） They asked not to open the door . 2）代词的变化：代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语
16、从句时，我如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句时，我们就应该考虑代词的变化。们就应该考虑代词的变化。 e.g. “ I come from Canada ” , Lucy says . Lucy says that she comes from Canada .难点链接难点链接3）若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该用若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是 does 或或 did 时，要去掉时，要去掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式；当是其助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则
17、要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。它的助动词时，则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。 e.g. I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ? ” I asked Tom what he liked best .The teacher asked me : “ Have you read the book ? ” The teacher asked me if I have read the book . He asked , “ Who can carry the box ? ” He asked who could carry the box . 难点链接难点链接4
18、）不能用）不能用if，只能用只能用whetherwhether的四种情况：的四种情况：a. 在介词后在介词后Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.b. 直接与直接与or not连用时连用时I dont know whether or not they will come to help us.c. 在动词在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中后面的宾语从句中We discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week.d. 宾语从句提前时只能用宾语从句提前时只能用whetherWhet
19、her this is true or not, I cant say.难点链接难点链接5)句型句型转换：转换： 由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词动词不定式替代，进行句型问代词和疑问副词动词不定式替代，进行句型上的转换。上的转换。e.g. Ive no idea what were going to do next. Ive no idea what to do next. Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? Could you tell me how to ge
20、t to the post office?难点链接难点链接1.MissGreendidnttellus_in2002.A.wheredoessheliveB.WhereshelivesC.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelived【解析解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。3.Idontknowwhen_.A.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwillleaveC.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave【解析解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时
21、态上符合要求。4.-Wedontknow_.-ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.A.whatheisB.ifheliveshereC.wherehecomesfromD.whichcountryishefrom【解析解析】答案：C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和上下文的意思的连贯性。只有C符合要求。例题解析例题解析5Couldyoutellme?AMrs.KingwherelivesBwheredoesMrs.KingliveCwhereMrs.KinglivesDMrs.Kingliveswhere答案C.析宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。6-Canyoutellme
22、?-SureShesanurseAwhereisyoursisterBwhereyoursisterisCwhatisyoursisterDwhatyoursisteris答案D.析who问的是姓名，如：Whoishe?HeisSmith或HeismyfatherWhat问的是职业，如：Whatishe?/whatdoeshedo?Heisateacher.7Couldyoutellme?AwhenthetrainwillarriveBwhenthetrainarrivedCwhendidthetrainarriveDwhendoesthetrainarrives答案A.析could用于现在时
23、疑问句表达了口气的委婉，并不是过去时态。且宾语从句要用陈述语句。例题解析例题解析8-Couldyoutellme?-Yes，TheytothelibraryAwherearethetwins，havebeenBwherewerethetwins，havebeenCwherethetwinsare，havegoneDwherethetwinswere，havegone答案C.析havebeento是去过什么地方，而现在回来了。havegoneto是到某地去了，人现在不在这里。9IdontknowtoreadthewordAwhichBwhatCwhoseDhow答案D.析因不定式toread中的
24、read是及物动词，已有自己的宾语theword，所以应用疑问副词how。10IwonderAwhosebicycleisitBitiswhosebicycleCisitwhosebicycleDwhosebicycleitis答案D.析wonder后的宾语从句应用陈述语序。例题解析例题解析从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。1.Idontknow_hewillcometomorrow._hecomes,IlltellyouA.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If2.Idontknow_thedayaftertomorrow.A.whe
25、ndoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhellcome3.Couldyoutellme_thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where4.Couldyoutellme_theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended5.Iwanttoknow_.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheis
26、lookingafterDDDCD6.Doyouknowwhere_now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive7.Doyouknowwhattime_?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves8.Idontknow_.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare9.
27、Thesmallchildrendontknow_.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings10.Icantunderstand_.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeansADDBD例题解析例题解析11.Hesaid_shewouldleavethemessageontheheadmastersdesk.A.t
28、hatB.whereC.whichD.what12.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_Who Moved My Cheese wasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if13.A:Couldyoutellme_sheislookingfor?B:Hercousin,Susan.A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which14.Iwanttoknow_.A.whatishisnameB.whatshisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis15.Couldyoutellme_
29、?A.whendidTomcomebackB.whendoesTomcomebackC.whenTomwillcomebackD.whenTomcomesbackADCDC例题解析例题解析16.A:Couldyoutellme_?B:Imnotsure.A.howmanypeoplehavebeenoutofhospitalB.whenisThanksgivingDayC.whichanimaldoeshelikebestD.whattimewillthedolphinshowstart17.Mr.Kingdidntknow_yesterdayevening.A.whendoeshissonc
30、omehomeB.whenhissoncomeshomeC.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome18.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25_ChristmasDay.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.which19.Iwonder_youwouldliketocometomybirthdayparty.A.thatB.whetherC.thatifD.thatwhether20.A:Imwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow_itwillarrive?B:Usuallyitcomesb
31、y4:00.A.howB.whereC.whenD.whatADABC例题解析例题解析21.Doyouknow_duringthecomingholiday?A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid22.Theteachertoldusthatlight_muchfasterthansound.A.travelsB.traveledC.wouldtravelD.hadtraveled23.Doyouknowif_backnextweek?Ifhe_back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcom
32、eB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.willhecome,willcome24.Thegirlsaskedifthey_somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake25.Catherinesaidthatshe_toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeenCACAD例题解析例题解析26.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey_dictationtoday.A.hadB.ha
33、s.C.willhaveD.are27.SheaskedLindaif_goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay28Lindasaidthemoon_roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travelsD.hadtravelled29.Canyoutellme_youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that30.Idontknow_theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.whereCBCCB例题解析例题解析31.Iha
34、rdlyunderstand._hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who32.Shedidntknow_backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbeD.ifhewillcome33.Doyouknow_theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow34.Heaskedme_toldmetheaccidentA.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose35.Theydontknow_theirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich
35、BAACB例题解析例题解析36.Pleasetellme_lastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkB.wheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworksD.whereyoursisterworked37.SheaskedmeifIknew_A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit38.Didyouknow_?A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingforC.whoheislookingforD.whoheislooki
36、ngafter39.Couldyoutellme_?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing40.Couldyoutellme_?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyouliveinDBACB例题解析例题解析按要求转换句型。1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?（改写句子）C
37、ouldyoutellus_Mr.Brown_livinginChina?2.Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?”heaskedme.（变为复合句）Heaskedme_thegirl_somehelp3.Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either.（合并为一个句子）_Jim_Tomisastudent.4.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）Iwanttoknow_thetrain_.5.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(用no
38、tuntil改写)They_gohome_theyhadfinishedtheirhomeworkIfenjoysIfneedsNeithernorwhenleavesdidntuntil例题解析例题解析6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)LiLeiwantstoknow_Peter_hereyesterday7.Howdoeshegetonwithhisnewclassmates?Couldyoutellme?(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Couldyoutellmehow_onwithhisnewclassmat
39、es?8.Whatishedoingthere?Motherdidntknow.(改为含有宾语从句的复合句Motherdidntknowwhat_doingthere.9.Youdbetteraskyourmotherwhetherisitcheapenoughbeforeyoutryiton.(改错)10.Whatshisname?Iaskedhim.（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）Iaskedhimwhat_.Ifcamehegoeshewashisnamewas例题解析例题解析11.Whydidnthelookhappy?Couldyoutellme?(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Couldy
40、outellmewhy_lookhappy?12.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idontknow(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Idontknow_hestill_inthatstreet.7)Whosechildrenistheoldwomanlookingafter?Didyoufindout?（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）Didyoufindoutwhosechildrentheoldwoman_after?13.Themoonmovesroundtheearth.Mysistertoldme.（同上）Mysistertoldme_themoon_roundthee
41、arth.14.Ithinkitisnotgoingtosnowtomorrow.（改错）15.Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew。Tomsmotheraskedhim.(同义句转换)Tomsmotheraskedhim_totrysomethingnew.hedidntIfliveswaslookingthatmovesIfhewanted例题解析例题解析同义句转换1.Jimsaid:“Thefastestwaytotravelisbyplane.”Jimsaid_thefastestwaytotravel_byplane.2.Theteachersaidtous:“Spr
42、ingcomesafterwinter.”Theteacher_spring_afterwinter.3.Hecantworkouttheproblem.Ibelieve.I_workouttheproblem.4.Howcanwegettotheplane?Idontknow.Idontknow_gettotheplane.5.Wheredidyoufindthebook?Couldyoutellme?Couldyoutellme_thebook?6.WhohasleftforHaikou?Nobodyknows.Nobodyknows_Haikou.7.Willyougotherebybu
43、s?Haveyoumadeadecision?Haveyoudecided_therebybus?8.Mrs.WhitetoldTomthatheshouldntthrowpaperontheground.Mrs.WhitetoldTom_paperontheground.9.Idontknowwhytheyarestandingthere.Idontknow_theyarestandingthere_.thatistoldusthatcomesbelievethathecanthowwecanwhereyoufoundwhohasleftforIfyoullgonottothrowwhatfor例题解析例题解析
