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1、 虚拟语气的虚拟语气的“四种形式四种形式”及及“三点注三点注意意” 高三英语总复习语法训练材料高三英语总复习语法训练材料 虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一种虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一种虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一种虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一种语言现象，一直是高考题几乎年年都要考到的一个热点。语言现象，一直是高考题几乎年年都要考到的一个热点。语言现象，一直是高考题几乎年年都要考到的一个热点。语言现象，一直是高考题几乎年年都要考到的一个热点。但对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点。无怪乎许多学生但对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点。无怪乎许多学生但
2、对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点。无怪乎许多学生但对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点。无怪乎许多学生学完虚拟语气后，常常会叹道：学完虚拟语气后，常常会叹道：学完虚拟语气后，常常会叹道：学完虚拟语气后，常常会叹道：If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier.much easier. A. will be A. will be B. would have been B. would have been C. could have been C
3、. could have been D. would be D. would be 一、掌握虚拟语气的四种主要形式一、掌握虚拟语气的四种主要形式（1 1）条件从句）条件从句）条件从句）条件从句+ +主句主句主句主句（2 2）几个常用虚拟语气的句型）几个常用虚拟语气的句型）几个常用虚拟语气的句型）几个常用虚拟语气的句型（3 3）wish, as if wish, as if 及及及及if only if only 的虚拟形式的虚拟形式的虚拟形式的虚拟形式（4 4）It is time that It is time that 的虚拟形式的虚拟形式的虚拟形式的虚拟形式二、注意虚拟语气的三种活用现象
4、二、注意虚拟语气的三种活用现象（1 1 1 1）含蓄条件句）含蓄条件句）含蓄条件句）含蓄条件句（2 2 2 2）时间错综句）时间错综句）时间错综句）时间错综句（3 3 3 3）虚实错综句）虚实错综句）虚实错综句）虚实错综句时间时间谓语动词的虚拟形式谓语动词的虚拟形式从句从句主句主句现在现在动词过去式动词过去式动词过去式动词过去式（be be 多用多用多用多用werewere）would / should / could / would / should / could / might + might + 动词原形动词原形动词原形动词原形 过去过去had + had + 过去分词过去分词过去分词
5、过去分词would / should / could / would / should / could / might + have + might + have + 过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词将来将来动词过去式或动词过去式或动词过去式或动词过去式或 should / should / were to + were to + 动词原形动词原形动词原形动词原形would / should / could / would / should / could / might + might + 动词原形动词原形动词原形动词原形1. 1.The rice _ if you had been mor
6、e careful.The rice _ if you had been more careful. A. would not be burning A. would not be burning B. would not burnB. would not burn C. would not have burnt C. would not have burnt D. would not burntD. would not burnt2.If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going.2.If my lawyer _ here last
7、 Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been ; would have prevented A. had been ; would have prevented B. had been ; would prevent B. had been ; would prevent C. were ; would prevent C. were ; would prevent D. were ; would have prevented D. were ; would have prevented3.I didnt see your sister at the m
8、eeting. If she _ she would 3.I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ she would have met my brother.have met my brother. A. has come B. did come A. has come B. did come C. came D. had comeC. came D. had come4._ 4._ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so for the free tick
9、ets, I would not have gone to the films so often.often. A. If it is not A. If it is not B. Were it not B. Were it not C. Had it not been C. Had it not been D. If they have notD. If they have not5.You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired.5.You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _
10、 so tired. A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get C. were driving ; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got C. were driving ; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got6. 6.If she had worked harder, she _.If she had worked harder, she _. A. wou
11、ld succeed A. would succeed B. had succeeded B. had succeeded C. should succeed C. should succeed D. would have succeedD. would have succeed7. If he _, he _ that food.7. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was
12、warned ; would not take A. was warned ; would not take B. had been warned ; would not have taken B. had been warned ; would not have taken C. would be warned ; had not taken C. would be warned ; had not taken D. would have been warned ; had not taken D. would have been warned ; had not taken8. 8.If
13、it _ tomorrow, they would not go there by bike.If it _ tomorrow, they would not go there by bike. A. will rain B. rains A. will rain B. rains C. would rain D. should rainC. would rain D. should rain9._ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the 9._ it rain tomorrow, we would have to
14、 put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should A. Were B. Should C. Would D. WillC. Would D. Will10.If I _ you, I would not do it.10.If I _ you, I would not do it. A. am B. were A. am B. were C. shall be D. beingC. shall be D. being1. 1. 动词动词动词动词 + + 宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句 一个坚持：一
15、个坚持：insist; 两个命令：两个命令：order, command; 三个建议：三个建议：suggest, propose, advise; 四个要求：四个要求：desire, demand, ask, require I propose that we (should) set a dead line for handing in the plans. I suggest that we (should) set off at once. I insisted that we (should) decide what to do with him. 虚拟语气形式：虚拟语气形式：虚拟语气
16、形式：虚拟语气形式：( (should) + should) + 动词原形动词原形动词原形动词原形2. 2. It is (was) + It is (was) + 上述动词的过去分词上述动词的过去分词上述动词的过去分词上述动词的过去分词 + + that that 主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句 It is demanded that he (should) leave at once.It is demanded that he (should) leave at once. It is requested that she (should) give a performance at
17、the party. It is requested that she (should) give a performance at the party.3. 3. It is (was) + important / necessary / better / strange / surprising / It is (was) + important / necessary / better / strange / surprising / natural / possible / a pity / no wonder + that natural / possible / a pity /
18、no wonder + that 主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句 It is best that he (should) set off at once.It is best that he (should) set off at once. It is important that everybody (should) be told all the facts. It is important that everybody (should) be told all the facts. 虚拟语气形式：虚拟语气形式：虚拟语气形式：虚拟语气形式：( (should) + should) +
19、动词原形动词原形动词原形动词原形4. 4. order order 等等等等 + + be + be + 表语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句 My advice is that we (should) send for a doctor.My advice is that we (should) send for a doctor. Our suggestion is that you (should) be first to go. Our suggestion is that you (should) be first to go. His only request is that you
20、(should) give him more time. His only request is that you (should) give him more time.5. order 5. order 等等等等 + + 同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句 Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch?Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch? 上述结构中常用的名词有：上述结构中常用的名词有：上述结构中常用的名词有：上述结构中常用的名词有：suggestion, ord
21、er, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea, command, requestproposal, plan, idea, command, request等。等。等。等。 虚拟语气形式：虚拟语气形式：虚拟语气形式：虚拟语气形式： ( (should) + should) + 动词原形动词原形动词原形动词原形1. 1.I insist that a doctor _ immediately.I insist that a doctor _ immediately. A. has been sent for B. sends for A. has bee
22、n sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for C. will be sent for D. be sent for2.It is suggested that the job _ done in another way.2.It is suggested that the job _ done in another way. A. was B. was to be C. be D. must be A. was B. was to be C. be D. must be3.He had an idea that we _
23、by bike.3.He had an idea that we _ by bike. A. shall go B. go C. went D. would go A. shall go B. go C. went D. would go4.My suggestion is that the meeting _ off till 4.My suggestion is that the meeting _ off till tomorrow.tomorrow. A. to put B. be put C. should put D. be putting A. to put B. be put
24、C. should put D. be putting5. 5.The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.and _ free. A. did ; set B. had done ; should be set A. did ; set B. had done ; should be set C. do ; be set D. does ; would be set C. do ; be set D. does ; would
25、be set6.It is necessary that you _ present at the discussion.6.It is necessary that you _ present at the discussion. A. will be B. are C. should be D. would be A. will be B. are C. should be D. would be7.The boss gave orders that the work _ at once.7.The boss gave orders that the work _ at once. A.
26、will be started B. must be started A. will be started B. must be started C. be started D. should start C. be started D. should start8.The guard there insisted that everybody _ the rules.8.The guard there insisted that everybody _ the rules. A. obeys A. obeys B. obey B. obey C. will obey C. will obey
27、 D. would obeyD. would obey wish, as if wish, as if 以及以及以及以及 if only if only 的虚拟形式：的虚拟形式：的虚拟形式：的虚拟形式： 这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与条件从句基本相同，即此陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。条件从句基本相同，即此陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。条件从句基本相同，即此陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。条件从句基本相同，即此陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。 随
28、随随随“ “时时时时” ”变化的几种用法：变化的几种用法：变化的几种用法：变化的几种用法：时间时间时间时间谓语动词虚拟语气谓语动词虚拟语气谓语动词虚拟语气谓语动词虚拟语气wish / as if / wish / as if / as though / if as though / if only / would only / would ratherrather现在现在现在现在动词过去式（动词过去式（动词过去式（动词过去式（be be 多用多用多用多用werewere）过去过去过去过去had + had + 过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词将来将来将来将来would + would + 动词
29、原形动词原形动词原形动词原形1. 1.I wish I _ you yesterday.I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to seeC. had seen D. were to see2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. br
30、eaks A. breaks B. has broken B. has broken C. were broken C. were broken D. had been brokenD. had been broken3.Id rather that you _ there yesterday and _ again next 3.Id rather that you _ there yesterday and _ again next weekend.weekend. A. went ; should come A. went ; should come B. should go ; had
31、 comeB. should go ; had come C. had gone ; came C. had gone ; came D. go ; comeD. go ; come4. 4.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had beenC. have been D. h
32、ad been5. I blamed her yesterday.5. I blamed her yesterday. I would rather you _ that. I would rather you _ that. A. didnt do B. hadnt done A. didnt do B. hadnt done C. wouldnt do D. shouldnt doC. wouldnt do D. shouldnt do6. He is a very brave man.6. He is a very brave man. Yes. I wish I _ his coura
33、ge. Yes. I wish I _ his courage. A. have A. have B. had B. had C. will have D. would haveC. will have D. would have It is time that 的虚拟形式的虚拟形式 It is time thatIt is time that It is high time that It is high time that It is about time that It is about time that谓语动词的虚拟形式为：谓语动词的虚拟形式为：动词过去式动词过去式 (be 多为多为
34、were)It is time 还可以有其他句型形式，需注意辨析：还可以有其他句型形式，需注意辨析： It is time (for It is time (for sbsb.) to do .) to do sthsth. . It is time for It is time for sthsth. / doing . / doing sthsth. . It is the first time that ( It is the first time that (从句用陈述语气的现在完成时从句用陈述语气的现在完成时从句用陈述语气的现在完成时从句用陈述语气的现在完成时) )1.1.1.1.I
35、t is high time you _ the bus.It is high time you _ the bus.It is high time you _ the bus.It is high time you _ the bus. A. had caught A. had caught A. had caught A. had caught B. caught B. caught B. caught B. caught C. will catch C. will catch C. will catch C. will catch D. catchD. catchD. catchD. c
36、atch2.Its about time he _ to do the work.2.Its about time he _ to do the work.2.Its about time he _ to do the work.2.Its about time he _ to do the work. A. begins A. begins A. begins A. begins B. will begin B. will begin B. will begin B. will begin C. begin C. begin C. begin C. begin D. beganD. bega
37、nD. beganD. began3. Its high time that we _ to school. 3. Its high time that we _ to school. 3. Its high time that we _ to school. 3. Its high time that we _ to school. A. would go A. would go A. would go A. would go B. went B. went B. went B. went C. go C. go C. go C. go D. will goD. will goD. will
38、 goD. will go4.It is time we _ up our results. 4.It is time we _ up our results. 4.It is time we _ up our results. 4.It is time we _ up our results. A. sum A. sum A. sum A. sum B. summed B. summed B. summed B. summed C. will sum C. will sum C. will sum C. will sum D. would sumD. would sumD. would su
39、mD. would sum（一）、含蓄条件句（一）、含蓄条件句（一）、含蓄条件句（一）、含蓄条件句 含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从句不表现出来。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些句不表现出来。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些句不表现出来。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些句不表现出来。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词，并依据前文所列举的四种现象，来判断此特定的信息词，并依据前文所列举的四种现象，来判断此特定的信息词，并
40、依据前文所列举的四种现象，来判断此特定的信息词，并依据前文所列举的四种现象，来判断此时须采用的形式。时须采用的形式。时须采用的形式。时须采用的形式。1.Without electricity, human life _ quite different 1.Without electricity, human life _ quite different today.today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 2. 2.Yesterda
41、y Jane walked away from the discussion. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later.Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said Without
42、 electricity = If there were no electricity（二）、时间错综句（二）、时间错综句 从句与主句或上下文所表述的时间不一致。在这种情从句与主句或上下文所表述的时间不一致。在这种情从句与主句或上下文所表述的时间不一致。在这种情从句与主句或上下文所表述的时间不一致。在这种情况下，我们切不可照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述况下，我们切不可照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述况下，我们切不可照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述况下，我们切不可照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述的时间关系，再选择相应的虚拟形式。例如：的时间关系，再选择相应的虚拟形式。例如：的时间关系，
43、再选择相应的虚拟形式。例如：的时间关系，再选择相应的虚拟形式。例如：If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now.1.If the flower had been watered, it _ now.1.If the flower had been watered, it _ now. A. wouldnt die B. is dead A. wouldnt die B. is dead C. had been dead D. will not die C. had been dead D. will not die2.If
44、his television set had not been stolen yesterday, he 2.If his television set had not been stolen yesterday, he _ TV now._ TV now. A. would watch B. would have watched A. would watch B. would have watched C. would be watching D. is watching C. would be watching D. is watching（三）、虚实错综句（三）、虚实错综句（三）、虚实错
45、综句（三）、虚实错综句 所谓所谓所谓所谓“ “虚实错综句虚实错综句虚实错综句虚实错综句” ”是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织在一起的句子。这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟交织在一起的句子。这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟交织在一起的句子。这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟交织在一起的句子。这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟语气，哪一处应使用陈述语气。语气，哪一处应使用陈述语气。语气，哪一处应使用陈述语气。语气，哪一处应使用陈述语气。1. 1.They _ earlier, but the car wasnt ready.T
46、hey _ earlier, but the car wasnt ready. A. can have left A. can have left B.may have left B.may have left C. will have left C. will have left D. might have leftD. might have left2. We could have walked to the station; it was so near.2. We could have walked to the station; it was so near. Yes. A taxi _ at all necessary. Yes. A taxi _ at all necessary. A. wasnt A. wasnt B. hadnt been B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be C. wouldnt be D. wont be D. wont be
