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1、Unit4Unit4 VerbalCommunicationObjectivesLearntheculturallyloadedwordsLearntheculturalreflectionsonproverbsLearntaboosLearnthedifferencesinculturalthoughtpatterns2CONTENTSI.Warm-upcasesII.DetailedStudy:culturallyloadedwordsculturalreflectionsonproverbstaboosdifferencesinculturalthoughtpatternsIII.Sum
2、maryIV.Assignments34Case1.ShoesforStreetWalkingI.Warm-upcasesQuestion:Why did the Italian shop owner make such a blunder?Shoesforstreetwalking.Comeinandhaveafit.5Interpretationastreetwalker-aprostitutetohaveafit-tobecomesuddenlyandviolentlyangryorupset6Case2.AMisunderstandingCausedbyaJokeComment:Hus
3、tle-toforcesbtomakeadecisionbeforetheyarereadyorsure-toworkasaprostitute/romanceorsexishinted7Case3Lookout8Case3LookoutDidnt you hear me call look out?Yes, and thats what I did.9Case3LookoutLookout-tostickyourheadoutsideofsth.(window/door)totakealook-tobecareful,especiallywhenthereisdanger10II.Detai
4、ledStudyLoadedwordsandphrasesarethosewhichhavestrongemotionalovertones(n.暗示，弦外音，寓意暗示，弦外音，寓意)orconnotations(n.涵义，言外之意涵义，言外之意),andwhichevokestronglypositiveornegativereactionsbeyondtheirliteralmeaning.1.CulturallyLoadedWordsWhatisloadedwords?11Culturally Loaded Words文化负载词(Cultural Loaning Words)1.是指标志
5、某种文化中特有事物的词组和短语.2.文化负载词是反映一个国家、一个民族特有的文化和历史的一些词汇. 122.2 Color Terms in Chinese and EnglishGroup Work 1.红糖 2.红茶 3.眼红 4.开门红 5.红白喜事1. brown sugar2. black-tea3. green-eyed4. to begin well, to make a good start5. weddings and funerals 13 1. 清白 2.白眼 3.青天 4.背黑锅 5.黄色书刊1.pure/clean/stainless2.supercilious lo
6、ok3.blue sky4.be made a scapegoat/ be unjustly blamed5.filthy books 14blue booka blue Mondaya white liea green woundred-letter days蓝皮书（美）刊载知名人士的书倒霉的星期一善意的谎言新伤，未痊愈的伤口喜庆的日子15Translating the Underlined Part1) Hes just a green recruit fresh from college2) I tried to call her many times but she was in a
7、brown study and didnt hear me3) One day, out of the blue, a girl rang up and said she was my sister 4) The new office block has unfortunately become an expensive white elephant165 Mary was always regarded as the black sheep of the family6 Youd better do something to prove youre not 7 Can you see the
8、 green in her eyes?8 The mere thought of her husband with the secretary made her see yellow179) I got some black looks from the shopkeeper when I cancelled my order.10) When Im feeling blue, all I have to do is take a look at you, and then Im not so blue11) Dont tell me any white lie to make me feel
9、 good12) It may cost over a week to go through all the red tape to get permission1813 His type of humor is a bit too black for my tastes14 Are you all right? You look absolutely white 15 He based his judgment on headlines and yellow journalism19yellow journalism指不择手段的夸张，渲染以招揽或影响读者的黄色新闻编辑作风。如突出社会丑闻，把
10、普通新闻写得耸人听闻，有时甚至歪曲事实以引起轰动等。20龙龙-dragon干部干部-cadre母马母马-femalehorse?/mare?扁担扁担-acarryingpole;ashoulderpole一本书一本书-abook知识分子知识分子-intellectual社会科学社会科学-socialscience?/thehumanities?CanyoufindtheequivalentwordsinEnglishfortheseChinesewords?21Interpretations龙龙-inCC,itisatotemwithmanyroyalassociations,龙颜，龙床，龙颜
11、，龙床，龙袍，龙袍，龙心大喜。龙心大喜。InEC,dragonreferstohorrible,disgustingmonsters.22知识分子知识分子InCC,itreferstopeopleincludingcollegeteachers,collegestudents,middleschoolteachers,andsuchpeopleasmedicaldoctors,engineers,interpreters.InEC,itreferstopeopleofhighacademicstatus(collegeprofessors)muchsmallerrangeofpeople.no
12、talwaysacomplimentaryterm,sometimesusedinderogatorysense.23干部干部-asmallgroupofpeoplewhoarespeciallychosenandtrainedforaparticularpurpose.骨干队伍骨干队伍-amemberofthiskindofgroup.干部干部InEC,manypeopledontknowwhatitmeans.(notacommonword)Someothersubstitutes:official,functionary,administrator,etc.Butnoneoftheseg
13、etsexactsamemeaningasChineseword“干部干部”.24社会科学社会科学SocialSciencesinChinesecoversallthefieldsexcepttheonesinthenaturalscienceandappliedsciences.Sameas“thehumanities”inEnglish.WhileinEnglish,“socialsciences”coverasmallerareaoflearning.Itincludespoliticalscience,economics,history(oftenclassifiedundertheh
14、umanities)andsociology.-thebranchesoflearningthatstudyhumansociety,especiallyitsorganizationandrelationshipofindividualmemberstoit.25Birdsandanimals/maleorfemaleGenerictermmalefemaletheyoungchickencock/roosterhenchickduckdrakeduckducklinggoosegandergoosegoslinghorsestallionmarefoalcattle/cowbullcowc
15、alfdogdogbitchpuppysheepramewelambdeerstagdoefawnpigboarsowshoat26bull,cow,cockorhen,male,female,sheNotallanimalsorbirdshavespecificnamesthatdenotedifferentsex.bull,cow,cockorhenarefrequentlyusedtodistinguishsex.bullseal,cocksparrow,hensparrowmale,female,shealsoacceptablemaleleopard,femalepanda,shew
16、olf27副副副主席副主席vice-chairman副教授副教授associateprofessor副主任副主任deputydirector副秘书长副秘书长assistantsecretary副州长副州长lieutenantgovernor副国务卿副国务卿undersecretary28SummaryAterminonelanguagedoesnotnecessarilyhaveacounterpartintheotherlanguage;（扁担）（扁担）Wordsortermsinbothlanguageappeartorefertothesameobjectorconceptonlyont
17、hesurface,butactuallyrefertoquitedifferentthings;（龙）（龙）29Thingsorconceptsarerepresentedbyoneorperhapstwotermsinonelanguage,butbymanymoretermsintheotherlanguage,ie,finerdistinctionsexistintheotherlanguage;（社会科学）（社会科学）Termshavemoreorlessthesameprimarymeaning,buthavesecondaryoradditionalmeaningsthatmay
18、differconsiderablyfromeachother.（龙）（龙）302.CulturalReflectionsonProverbsProverbsmayprovideinterestingglimpsesorcluestoapeoplesgeography,history,socialorganization,socialviews,etc.Anewbroomsweepsclean.Manyhandsmakelightwork.Dontputoffuntiltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.Killtwobirdswithonestone.Hastemakeswa
19、ste.31Wheretheressmoketheresfire.Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheothersideofthefence.Beautyisonlyskindeep.Sparetherodandspoilthechild.Giveapersonadoseofhisownmedicine.32Manproposes,Goddisposes.尽人事，听天命。/谋事在人，成事在天。Itisasintostealapin.勿以恶小而为之，勿以善小而不为。Revengeisadishthatcouldbeeatencold.君子报仇，十年不晚。Everydoghas
20、itsday.人人皆有得意日。/十年风水轮流转。33Adogslife争吵不休，过着不安宁的日子Gotothedogs每况愈下Dog-eat-dog狗咬狗的，损人利己的Doginthemanger站着茅坑不拉屎Dogdays大热天Doggybag餐馆里的打包袋34Theaboveexpressionsgetsimilar/samemeaningsbothinEnglishandChinese.Butsomeothersgetdissimilarities:良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。瓜田不纳履，李下不整冠。瓜田不纳履，李下不整冠。一人得道，鸡犬升天。一人得道
21、，鸡犬升天。35HardtofindequivalentsAbsencemakestheheartgrowfonder.Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.Letsleepingdogslie.Youcantteachanolddognewtricks.Youcanthaveyourcakeandeatittoo.36Lighteningneverstrikesthesameplacetwice.福无双至，祸不单行。？福无双至，祸不单行。？坏事不过二坏事不过二。祸无双至。同一灾害不会在同一场所重祸无双至。同一灾害不会在同一场所重复发生。复发生。Oneswallowdoe
22、snotmakeasummer.一叶知秋。？一叶知秋。？一燕不成夏。一花独放不是春。一燕不成夏。一花独放不是春。37Surfacesimilarities,butdifferencesIttakestwotomakeaquarrel.Amissisasgoodasamile.Gildingthelily.Lifebeginsatforty.Ifyouliedownwithdogs,youwillgetupwithfleas.近朱者赤，近朱者赤，近墨者黑近墨者黑。38Pleasechoosetheproperwordsforeachphrase.harehorsesnailmousebeemul
23、easbusyasa_asslowasa_asstubbornasa_astimidasa_snailbeemulehareasstrongasa_horseaspoorasachurch_mouse393.Taboos（1）mention of gods (神灵的名字)（2）near-swearing (近似誓词咒语)（3）sex （4）death（5）disease（6）excretion (排泄)403.Taboos英汉相同禁忌话题英汉相同禁忌话题（1）sex（2）the activities in the rest room（3）something disgusting，如呕吐、抠鼻子
24、等（4）something sad，如患了癌症、死亡等。 但由于在历史、文化、思维等方面存在着差异，他们的委婉语有着很大的不同。413.Taboos（disease）WesternCulture: cancer: the big C; long illness AIDS or 梅毒: social diseaseChinese Culture: 不治之症423.Taboos（分泌（分泌menstruation）WesternCulture: Im having my periods. I am a woman for a week. I am having my friends with me
25、.Chinese Culture: 例假；倒霉了；身上来了433.Taboos（上厕所）（上厕所）WesternCulture: toilet; water closet; rest room pass water; answer natures call; wash ones hands, do ones businessChinese Culture: 方便；去一号44HumanExcretiongotothecan/gototheJohngoandseeonesauntImgoingtopicksomeflowers.CanIaddsomepowder?Iwouldliketopowde
26、rmynose.IwonderifIcouldgosomewhere.heed/answerthecallofnatureMayIbeexcused?Naturecallsme.453.Taboos（pregnant）WesternCulture: sheisexpectingababy.sheisinafamilyway.sheisexpecting.sheisinadelicatecondition.sheiswell-along.sheisabouttohaveablessedevent.Chinese Culture: 有了、有喜了、快要当妈妈了463.Taboos（die）Weste
27、rnCulture: pass away; go to the heaven; go to sleep; go to see the God; depart; be in heaven with God depart from this world；go to a better worldChinese Culture: 去世了、老了、走了、没了驾崩、薨、夭折、崩、薨、夭折、牺牲、一命牲、一命呜呼、断气呼、断气“离开了我离开了我们们”,“辞世辞世”,“去去见马见马克思了克思了”,“归归西西”,“升天升天”,“上路上路”473.Taboos（英汉不同禁忌话题）（英汉不同禁忌话题）年老年老称谓称谓
28、483.Taboos（old）WesternCulture: a seasoned man (历练者) the advanced in age (年长者)the mature; elder hospital (老人团)retirement home (敬老院)；private hospital (老人院)nursing home (养老院)；golden age club (老年俱乐部)Chinese Culture: “老”常带敬意，是资历和地位的象征老师、老同志、老大爷、老师傅老师、老同志、老大爷、老师傅493.Taboos（称谓）（称谓）WesternCulture: 城市、街道、地名用
29、著名总统名：Washington; Lincoln大学以赞助人的名字命名：Harvard; StanfordName after.Chinese Culture: 忌讳晚辈的名字与长辈相同、谐音或同音；有，不尊敬长辈，是欺祖少用历史人物名讳，没福分，短命少用历史人物名讳，没福分，短命503.Taboos-aculturalorreligiouscustomthatdoesnotallowpeopletodo,useortalkaboutaparticularthingaspeoplefinditoffensiveorembarrassingExcretaandactsofhumanexcret
30、ionSexualintercourse/certainpartsofthebody(fourletters)Swearwords(age,sex,occupation)51HumanExcretiongotothecan/gototheJohngoandseeonesauntImgoingtopicksomeflowers.CanIaddsomepowder?Iwouldliketopowdermynose.IwonderifIcouldgosomewhere.heed/answerthecallofnatureMayIbeexcused?Naturecallsme.52Sex/Bodypa
31、rtspeepee(penis)weewee(urinate)downthere(vagina)sheisexpectingababy.sheisinafamilyway.Sheisexpecting.Sheisinadelicatecondition.Sheiswell-along.Sheisabouttohaveablessedevent.53dieGodepartdepartfromthisworldgotoabetterworldgothewaysofallfleshpassawaylateInChinese,wealsocanfindsimilareuphemisms:“去了去了”,
32、“离开了我们离开了我们”,“辞世辞世”,“去见马克思了去见马克思了”,“归西归西”,“升天升天”,“上路上路”54diseaseAbbreviations:SARS(SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndromes)AIDS(AcquiredImmureDeficiencySyndrome)V.D(venerealdisease)性病性病bigC/longdisease/terminalillness(cancer)55OldAgeseniorcitizensadvancedinagegoldenyears56Swearwords1.somewordsaremoreoffensi
33、vesomeareless2.age,sex,occupation3.settingorenvironment574.DifferencesinCulturalThoughtPatternsEnglish-speakers-linearanddirectSemitic-combinationoftangentialandsemi-directAsian-circularRomance-moreconsistentlycircuitousRussian-directandcircuitous58American-factual-inductive(ascertainfacts,findsimil
34、arities,andformulateconclusions)Russian-combinationofdirectandcircuitousapproaches/axiomatic-deductive(movefromgeneralprincipletoparticularswhichcanbeeasilydeduced)Arab-intuitive-affective(factsaresecondarytoemotions)59Understandingandappreciationofdifferencesamongculturesincognitiveprocessingandpro
35、blemsolvingisamajorsteptowardsuccessfulinterculturalcommunication.60III.SummaryCulturallyloadedwordsCulturalreflectionsonproverbsTaboosDifferencesinculturalthoughtpatterns61IV.Assignments1.ResearchTopicDifferentcolorshavedifferentassociationsindifferentlanguages.Pleasemakeaclosestudyofthe“color”languagesinChineseandEnglish.2.Watchthevideo“AJourneytoIndia”621.Justicehaslongarms.2.Treaduponeggs.3.sanitationengineer4.Industrialclimate5.Totakethingswithoutpermission6.Amanofdoubtfultaste7.Gildingthelily8.Youcanthavethecakeandeatittoo.9.Associateprofessor10.ethnocentrism63
