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1、语法指南动词-ing形式做状语动词-ing做状语时表示的动作是主语动作的一部分,与谓语表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎同时发生的,或是先于谓语动词的动作发生,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。动词-ing做状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果,多用逗号同句子其他成分隔开。1.做时间状语动词-ing表示的动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立即发生(动词-ing短语多置于句首),如:Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.听到这个消息,他们都高兴地跳了起来。Seeing the old picture,I couldnt help thinking of
2、my happy childhood.一看到这张旧照片,我不禁想起我愉快的童年。语法指南动词-ing表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生时,动词-ing前多加while或when,如:When entering his house,he immediately sensed something unusual.当进入房子时,他立刻感觉到有事情不对。While walking along the street,he met Liu Ping,an old schoolmate.当他在大街上散步时,碰到了他的一个老校友刘萍。动词-ing动作发生在主句谓语动词发生的动作之前。此时应用having+
3、过去分词,如:Having cleaned the rooms,we began to weed the garden.打扫完房间后,我们开始在花园里除草。Having struggled for months,he finally found a good job.经过几个月的奋斗之后,他终于找到了一份好工作。语法指南2.做条件状语(一般放在句首)Working hard,youll surely succeed.如果你努力工作,你就会成功。Knowing anything about it,I will let you know.如果知道有关此事的任何情况,我会告诉你的。3.做原因状语(多
4、放在句首)Being excited,she couldnt say a word.由于激动,她一句话也说不出来。Not knowing the language and having no friends in the country,he found it impossible to get a job.不懂这个国家的语言,在这又没有多少朋友,他觉得不可能找到工作。语法指南4.做方式或伴随状语(多放在句尾)They show disagreement shaking their heads.他们摇头表示不同意。They came into the classroom,talking and
5、 laughing.他们有说有笑地走进了教室。5.做让步状语(通常放在句首)Admitting what she has said,I still think that she hasnt tried her best.尽管认同她所说的话,但我仍然认为她没尽最大努力。Studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.尽管他学习很努力,但考试还是没及格。语法指南6.做结果状语The global financial crisis is spreading throughout the world,making a lot of factories closed.全球金融危
6、机在全世界蔓延,结果使很多工厂关闭。He fell down from the tall tree,breaking his legs.他从那棵高树上摔了下来,结果把腿摔断了。注意:(1)若强调动词-ing表示的动作在主句谓语动词动作之前发生,则用动词-ing的完成式,即having+过去分词,其否定形式为not having+过去分词。Having finished his work,he went home.完成工作后,他回家了。Not having got a reply,she decided to write to him again.由于没有得到答复,她决定再给他写封信。语法指南(
7、2)在绝大多数情况下,动词-ing做状语时,其逻辑主语与主句的主语是一致的。但有时现在分词与主句主语不一致,其前面有一名词或代词做它的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的动词-ing形式为独立主格结构。Time permitting,Ill go there to see you.如果时间允许的话,我将去那里看你。The meeting being over,we all left the hall in a hurry and went home.会议结束后,我们都匆匆离开大厅回家了。(3)有少数动词-ing并不表示句子主语的动作,而是表示说话人的态度。Judging from his accent,
8、he may be from Beijing.从口音上判断,他可能来自北京。Generally speaking,girls care more for clothes than boys.一般说来,女孩比男孩更注重着装。语法指南(4)当分词已转化成介词或连词,此时也无须考虑与主句主语的关系。Supposing it rains tomorrow,what shall we do?假设明天下雨,我们该怎么办?(supposing为连词,意为“假如,如果”)Considering his age,he did it quite well.鉴于他的年龄,他做得很好了。(considering为介词,意为“鉴于”)再如,过去分词用作介词的情况:Given their inexperience,theyve done a good job.鉴于他们没有经验,这工作已做得很不错了。(given为介词,意为“鉴于”。)
