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1、Washington-Irving-and-Washington-Irving-and-James-Fenimore-CooperJames-Fenimore-CooperBrief introduction about the American Romantic Period: The romantic period covers the first half of the nineteenth century. The span 1828-1865 from the Jacksonian era to the Civil War, often identified as the Roman
2、tic Period in America, marks the full coming of the age of a distinctively literature. This period sometimes known as the American Renaissance; it is also sometimes called the age of Transcendentalism.Washington Irving (1783-1859) Life introduction: Born: 1783, the youngest of 11 children. Born plac
3、e: New Yorks lower Manhattan. Growth environment: His father was a moderately wealthy Scottish hardware merchant. Washington Irving grew up in a household filled with Federalist sentiments. Throughout his life, Irving remained a man pleased with upper-class tastes and a Federalist in politics and in
4、 culture.nIn 1803 he interrupted his work as a law clerk to travel through the frontier of upper state New York and eastern part of Canada.nIn 1804 he went to Rome where he met the American painter Washington Allston and develop an interest in art.nIn 1806 he was admitted to become a licensed layer
5、in New York. But he preferred to spend his time developing his knowledge in cultural affairs and in literature. Then joined a group of like-minded and well-read young bachelors who discoursed in taverns and literary circles.nIn 1815 Irving made his second trip to Europe where he lingered for the nex
6、t 17 years.n1819-1820 Irvings short stories, The Sketch Book” of Geoffrey Crayon first printed in America. Contained two of his most famous tales: Rip van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. nIn 1832 Irving returned to AmericanDied: 28 November 1859. Master pieces: His major work may be divided
7、into such categories as essays and sketches, tales and short stories, historical and biographical accounts. A history of New York, form the beginning of the world to the end of the Dutch dynasty, by Dietrich Knickerbocker (1809) 纽约外史纽约外史This is his first successful work which, written under the name
8、 of Dietrich Knickerbockers, won him wide popularity after it came out in 1809. Rip Van Winkle瑞普瑞普凡凡温克尔温克尔The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说睡谷的传说 The Sketch Book of Geoffrey 见闻札记Crayon, Gent.(1819-1820)It should be considered along with Irving other books of tales. Some of the sketches are essays expr
9、essing a nostalgia for the traditions of English life, such as “the Christmas Dinner”, “Stratford on Avon ” , “a Sunday in London ”, “Westminster Abbey”. Some sketches are about American scenes. “Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” are included in this book. nBracebridge HallnTales of
10、a Traveler 旅人述异旅人述异(1824)nThe Alhambra 阿尔罕伯拉阿尔罕伯拉（1832） A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (1828) 哥伦布传 It should be compared to his other books of history and biography. This history/ biography is based on the work of Navarrete.nA Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada (1829) 攻克
11、格拉纳达攻克格拉纳达 shows the same indecisiveness on Irvings part about history and romance.nAstoria (1836) 阿斯托里亚阿斯托里亚the first biography of an American business mogul, J.J. Astoria Influence in literature:nIrving is the first belletrist in American literature, writing for pleasure at a time when writing was
12、 practical and for useful purposes. n He is the first American literary humorist. n He has written the first modern short stories. n He is the first to write history and biography as entertainment. n He introduced the nonfiction prose as a literary genre. n His use of the gothic looks forward to Poe
13、. Features and style: In his imaginative and historical style known for his humor, his vivid characterization, his sense of irony, his finished style, and the definiteness of American especially new York location. But he lacks intellectual depths. His style is suggestive and highlights attitudes and
14、 moods.James Fenimore Cooper(17891851) Life Introduction:nEarly life:nBorn in Burlington, New JerseynThe son of William and Elizabeth (Fenimore) Cooper nMoved to Cooperstown, New York in 1791nEnrolled at Yale at 13.nBut he was expelled for childish pranks in the third year.nObtained work as a sailor
15、 on a merchant vessel in1806.nJoined the United States Navy at 18(1808 1811).nObtained the rank of midshipman before leaving in 1811.nMarried Susan Augusta delancey in 1810.nAnd had seven children. nWriter Paul Fenimore Cooper was a great-grandson.Later life:nLive in New York and participated in int
16、ellectual life and politics at the beginning of the 1820s.nLived in Europe and wrote romances and unsuccessfully books about democracy, politics, and society, from 1826 to 1833.nReturned to the Unites States, living first in New York City and then in Cooperstown in 1833.nEarned less from his books b
17、ut was forced to go on writing for income during the last decades of his life.nDied of dropsy at Otsego Hall in 1851.Works:nPrecaution戒备(1820, his first novel, imitating Austens Pride and Prejudice)nThe Spy 间谍(his second novel and a great success)nTells an adventure tale about the American Revolutio
18、n.nThe Pilot 领航者(best of his sea romances) nThe Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿nLeatherstocking Tales 皮袜子故事集Leatherstocking Tales : The Pioneers 拓荒者（1823） Natty Bumppo first appears as a seasoned scout in advancing years, with the dying Chingachgook, the old Indian chief and his faithful comrade, as t
19、he eastern forest frontier begins to disappear and Chingachgook dies.The Last of the Mohicans 最后的莫希干人 (1826) An adventure of the French and Indian Wars in the Lake George County.The Prairie 草原 (1827) Set in the new frontier where the Leather stocking dies.The Pathfinder 探路者 (1840) Continuing the sam
20、e border warfare in the St. Lawrence and Lake Ontario country.The Deerslayer 杀鹿者 (1841) Early adventures with the hostile Huron on Lake Otsego, NY. He also wrote a serious of sea adventures like： The Red River 赤河恋影(1827) The Wing-and-wing 岁月风云(1842).Influence in literature: Coopers Contribution to A
21、merican literature is several-fold:n1. The first successful American historical romance in the vein of Sir Walter Scott (The Spy, 1821). n2. The first sea novel (The Pilot, 1824). n3. The first attempt at a fully researched historical novel (Lionel Lincoln, 1825). n4. The first full-scale History of
22、 the Navy of the United States of America (1839). n5. The first American international novel of manners (Homeward Bound and Home as Found, 1838). n6. The first trilogy in American fiction (Satanstoe, 1845; The Chainbearer, 1845; and The Redskins, 1846). n7. The first and only five-volume epic romance to carry its mythic hero - Natty Bumppo - from youth to old age.Coopers writing style and feature: Major Themes in Coopers Writing 1. The American Society.2. The American History.3. The Backwoods - Frontier.4. The Sea.结束结束
