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1、 (高考复习专题) The Inversion Inversion 英语的基本句型是主语英语的基本句型是主语 + 谓语。谓语。如果将主语与谓语调换如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。称倒装句。倒装句分完全倒装和部分倒装。倒装句分完全倒装和部分倒装。Inversion(倒装句倒装句)英语英语倒装句倒装句分为两种：分为两种：、整个谓语在前的句子，叫、整个谓语在前的句子，叫完全倒装。完全倒装。There is a table in the room.、部分谓语（情态动词、主动词、连系、部分谓语（情态动词、主动词、连系动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后的句子，叫部
2、分倒装句。后的句子，叫部分倒装句。Why did you do it like that?谓语谓语 + 主语主语助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词完全倒装完全倒装部分倒装部分倒装+主语主语 + v.In came the headmaster.Have you known the news?Can you speak English?一、完全倒装一、完全倒装、在、在 here, there 引导的句子中，谓语是引导的句子中，谓语是be, exist, live,lie 等表示状态的不及物动词。等表示状态的不及物动词。There is nobody in the classroom.There se
3、ems something wrong with my radio.There happened an event last week.There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.2、在there, here 引导的句子中,谓语动词用come,go,follow,enter,rush,occur等。There goes the bell.There goes the thief!Here comes your husband.注意：注意：主语是人称代词时，则不需倒装。主语是人称代词时，则不需倒装。Here he comes.Here it
4、is.3、副词now,then,thus 引导的句子里，谓语是come,follow,begin,end,be等Now Now comes comes your turn!your turn!Then Then followed followed another shot of gun.another shot of gun.Thus Thus ended ended the meeting.the meeting.4、当、当in,out,down,up,over,away,off,back等副词等副词作状语置于句首时，谓语常用动词有作状语置于句首时，谓语常用动词有come,go, rush,
5、等不及物动词等不及物动词。Up and up go the prices. Off went the horses.Down came the brown waves! The door opened and in came Mr. Smith, our headmaster. 但如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。但如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。Back they fought.Up it flew.Out he rushed.、在直接引语全部或部分置于句首时，引用动词和它的主语（名词）往往要倒装。“Youve made great progress this term.”said the tea
6、cher.“Tom”,said his father,”You shouldnt make friends with such boys!”注意：注意：1)主语是代词时，倒装不倒装都可以。主语是代词时，倒装不倒装都可以。“Where are you going?”asked he.(He asked.)2)引用动词另有宾语时，即使主语是名词也不倒装。引用动词另有宾语时，即使主语是名词也不倒装。“Why didnt you join us!”Our monitor asked us.6、谓语是be, 表语提前时，整个句子需倒装。Happy is he who devoted himself to
7、 the cause of communism.So busy is the dentist that he has no time to spare.Such was Albert Einstein, a single man of great achievements.7、地点状语提前，为了保持句子平衡且谓语是be , stand, sit , lie 等动词时。On every piece of paper was a picture of a horse.From a speaker on the wall comes the doctors voice.On the ground l
8、ay a stick goat.二、部分倒装 部部分分倒倒装装是是指指将将谓谓语语的的一一部部分分如如助助动动词词或或情情态态倒倒装装至至主主语语之之前前。如如果果句句中中的的谓谓语语没没有有助助动动词词或或情情态态动动词词，则则需需添添加加助助动动词词do, do, doesdoes或或diddid，并将其置于主语之前。，并将其置于主语之前。1. 1. 句句首首为为否否定定或或半半否否定定的的词词语语，如如 no, no, not, not, never, never, seldom, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not un
9、til little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。等。 Never have I seen such a performance.Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not Not until until the the child child fell fell asleep asleep d
10、id did the the mother mother leave leave thethe room.room. 当当Not until Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：注意：注意：注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装，例如：如否定词不在句首不倒装，例如： I have never seen such a performance.I have never seen such a performance. The The mother mother didnt didnt leave leave the the room roo
11、m until until the the child child fell fell asleep.asleep.典型例题典型例题典型例题典型例题 Why cant I smoke here? Why cant I smoke here? At no time _ in the meeting-room. At no time _ in the meeting-room. A. is smoking permitted A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is i
12、t permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit D. does smoking permit答答案案A A. . 这这是是一一个个倒倒装装问问题题。当当否否定定词词语语置置于于句句首首以以表表示示强强调调时时，其其句句中中的的主主谓谓须须用用倒倒装装结结构构。这这些些否否定定词词包包括括no, no, little, little, hardly, hardly, seldom, seldom, never, never, not not only, only, not not untiluntil等等。本本题题的的正
13、正常常语语序序是是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.Not Not until until the the early early years years of of the the 19th 19th century century _ _ what what heat is.heat is.A. man did knowA. man did know B. man know B. man know C. didnt
14、man knowC. didnt man know D. did man knowD. did man know答答案案D D. . 看看到到Not Not untiluntil的的句句型型，我我们们知知道道为为一一倒倒装装句句，答答案案在在C C，D D 中中选选一一个个。改改写写为为正正常常语语序序为为，Man Man did did not not know know what what heat heat is is until until the the early early years years of of the the 19th. 19th. 现现在在将将notnot提提前
15、前，后后面面就就不不能再用否定了能再用否定了, ,否则意思就变了。否则意思就变了。 2 2 2 2、以否定词开头作部分倒装、以否定词开头作部分倒装、以否定词开头作部分倒装、以否定词开头作部分倒装如如: Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had
16、she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例题典型例题典型例题典型例题 No sooner _ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun答答案案D. 以以具具有有否否定定意意义义的的副副词词放放在在句句首首时时，一一般般采采用用倒倒装装句句(谓谓语语前前置置)。这这类类表表示示否否定定意意义义的的词词有有never, never, seldom, seld
17、om, scarcely, scarcely, little, little, few, few, not, not, hardly, hardly, 以以以以及及及及not not onlybut onlybut (also), (also), no no soonerthan, soonerthan, hardly hardly when scarcely whenwhen scarcely when等等。等等。注注注注意意意意：只只有有当当Not only but also连连接接两两个个分分句句时时，才才在在第第一一个个分分句句用用倒倒装装结结构构。如如果果置置于于句句首首的的Not
18、only but also仅仅连连接接两两个个并并列列词词语，不可用倒装结构。语，不可用倒装结构。 Not only you but also I am fond of music.Hardly had he entered the house when it began to rain. No sooner had they entered the house than it began to rain.Nowhere could we find the book.注意：）当上述单词不提前时，则不倒装。I seldom read newspaper before.He had hardly
19、finished his homework when the light went out.2)当这些词作形容词修饰主语时且置句首时，句子不倒装。 Little work was done yesterday.部分倒装3.在以在以so, nor, neither 开头的句子里。开头的句子里。表示表示“ “也也” ”、“ “也不也不” ” 的句子要部分倒装，例如：的句子要部分倒装，例如： Tom can speak French. Tom can speak French. So can Jack.So can Jack. If you wont go, If you wont go, neit
20、her will I.neither will I.A fish can swim and so can I.We have had breakfast and so have they.I get up at seven and so does my brother.He didnt do it and neither did I.The boy cant skate and nor can the girl.He didnt smoke, nor did he drink.If you dont want it, neither shall I.He is not a businessma
21、n, neither does he wish to be.注意：）如果后一个句子只是注意：）如果后一个句子只是单纯的重复前面句子的意思，则单纯的重复前面句子的意思，则不倒装。不倒装。“It is hot today,”So it is.”“He finished it on time.”So he did.”）如按照别人的意思做了什么事，）如按照别人的意思做了什么事，so也不用也不用倒装。倒装。The teacher asked me to read louder , and I did so.3)当前面的句子中主语、谓语或肯否定形式不同时，当前面的句子中主语、谓语或肯否定形式不同时，则用则
22、用so it is with.句型来表示。句型来表示。Tom likes singing, but he doesnt like dancing. So it is with Mary.Tom is in Class Two, and his classroom is over there. So it is with Mary.Tom is clever and he studies hard. So it is with with Mary.3 3 3 3、so, neither, norso, neither, norso, neither, norso, neither, nor 作部
23、分倒装作部分倒装作部分倒装作部分倒装 表示表示“ “也也” ”、“ “也不也不” ” 的句子要部分倒装，例如：的句子要部分倒装，例如： Tom can speak French. So can Jack. Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you dont go, neither will I. If you dont go, neither will I.典型例题典型例题 - Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? - Do you know Jim quarrelled with his broth
24、er? - I dont know, _. - I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care A. nor dont I careB. nor do I careB. nor do I care C. I dont care neither C. I dont care neitherD. I dont care alsoD. I dont care also答答案案B B B B。nornor为为增增补补意意思思 也也不不关关心心 ，因因此此句句子子应应倒倒装装。A.A.错错在在用用 dont dont 再次否定，再次否定，C. neither C. neither
25、用法不对且缺乏连词。用法不对且缺乏连词。D. D. 缺乏连词。缺乏连词。注注意意：当当soso引引出出的的句句子子用用以以对对上上文文内内容容加加以以证证实实或或肯肯定定时时，不不可可用倒装结构。意为用倒装结构。意为 的确如此的确如此 。 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. “Its raining hard.” “So it is.” “Its raining hard.” “So it is.”Summary:1) He stud
26、ies English well. So does she.2) He studies English well. So he does.3) So it is /was (the same) witha)He didnt study well and failed in the exam. So it was with me.b) He studies hard and is a good student.So it is with Tom.下列情况不用下列情况不用so,neither ,nor.而用而用so it is with 来表达情况也适用于另一个人来表达情况也适用于另一个人1.当前
27、面两个句子，一个是肯定，一个是否定时当前面两个句子，一个是肯定，一个是否定时2.当一个句子的主语是人，一句子的主语是物时当一个句子的主语是人，一句子的主语是物时3.当两个句子的谓语动词属于不同类型时。当两个句子的谓语动词属于不同类型时。Tom likes singing ,but he doesnt like dancing.So it is with Mary.He is in Class Two, and his classroom is over there.So it is with Mary.Tom is clever and he studies hard. So it is wi
28、th Mary.4.省略了省略了 if 的虚拟条件句的虚拟条件句虚拟条件句的谓语动词如果是虚拟条件句的谓语动词如果是 were, had, should 时时,可省略可省略if, 但其谓语须倒装。但其谓语须倒装。Had you worked hard at your lessons, you would have passed the exam. Should he be interested in this subject, he might work hard at it.Had I known the answer I should have told you.Were it to sn
29、ow tomorrow, we would stay at home.5. neither.nor连接的两个句子都要倒装；连接的两个句子都要倒装； not onlybut also连接两个句子时连接两个句子时, 前前句倒装，后句不变。句倒装，后句不变。Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so.Not only shall we learn from books, but also we should learn from practice.Not only does he study hard, but also he is good at
30、 sports.6.only + 6.only + 6.only + 6.only + 状语在句首要倒装的情况状语在句首要倒装的情况状语在句首要倒装的情况状语在句首要倒装的情况 Only thenOnly then did I realize the importance of my work. did I realize the importance of my work. Only in this way can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. On
31、ly when he is seriously ill,Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. does he ever stay in bed.如果如果only后跟的不是状语，则句子的主谓不倒装。后跟的不是状语，则句子的主谓不倒装。Only Tom can answer the difficult question.Only a scientist knows the meaning of the sign.7. So / such that 7. So / such that 句型中的句型中的so / such so
32、 / such 位于句首时，需倒装。位于句首时，需倒装。 So frightened was heSo frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.that he did not dare to move an inch. Such an interesting film is itSuch an interesting film is it that Id like to see it again.that Id like to see it again. So fast did the teacherSo fast did
33、the teacher speak that we couldnt follow him. speak that we couldnt follow him.8. 8. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：在某些表示祝愿的句型中： May May you all be happy. you all be happy. Long liveLong live the Communist Party! the Communist Party!9. as, though9. as, though9. as, though9. as, though 引导的倒装句引导的倒装句引导的倒装句引导的倒装句 as / tho
34、ugh引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词（形容词, 副词副词, 分词分词, 实义动词提前），例如：实义动词提前），例如： Old as my father is, he keeps up with his English study. Child as he is, he knows something of electricity. Tired as he was, he continued to work. Young as she was, she was already director of a factory. Try hard as he
35、 will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意：注意：注意：注意： 1) 句句首首名名词词不不能能带带任任何何冠冠词词。句句首首是是实实义义动动词词, 其其他他助助动动词词放放在在主主语语后后。如如果果实实义义动动词词有有宾宾语语和和状状语语,随随实实义义动动词词一一起起放在主语之前。放在主语之前。 2) 让让步步状状语语从从句句中中，有有though，although, as时时，后后面面的的主主句句不能有不能有 but，但是，但是 though 和和yet可连用。可连用。 Good-bye!9、静夜四无邻，荒居旧业贫。
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