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1、学术英语学术英语 医学医学Academic English for MedicineUnit 1Doctors LifeDoctors are thought as noble, respectable, and caring, but it is really common to read or hear about the complaints of doctors being impatient and careless. What are the causes for such complaints? How can ordinary incidents influence the w
2、ay doctors practice medicine? This unit explores doctors life from different perspectives so that you can understand them better.Unit 1 Doctors LifeUnitContentsLead-inTextATextBTextCListeningSpeakingWritingGet readingforUnit2Lead-inVocabularyQuestionstobeansweredBrainstormAdditionalactivityUnit 1 Do
3、ctors LifeLead-inVocabularyTheSourcesofMedicalTerminologies:1)WordsrelatedtomedicineingeneralEnglish2)Wordsfromotherlanguages3)NewwordscreatedaccordingtoneedUnit 1 Doctors Life6HumanbodyLead-inVocabularySynonymousPhenomenonofMedicalTerms人体部位人体部位英语英语拉丁词根拉丁词根希腊词根希腊词根静脉静脉veinveno-phlebo-胸胸chestpecto-th
4、oraco-肺肺lungpneumo-pulmon-脊柱脊柱backbonespino-spondylo-脑脑braincerebro-encephalo-头头headcapito-cephalo-心心heartcordi-cardio-手手handmano-/manu-cheiro-血管血管vesselvaso-angio-Unit 1 Doctors Life8Lead-inVocabularyCardiacadj.心脏的Cardiomyopathyn.心肌病Cardiovascularadj.心血管的Cardiologyn.心脏病学Myocarditisn.心肌炎Electrocardi
5、ographn.心电图Howarethesewordsformed?Unit 1 Doctors LifeLead-inVocabularyMedicaltermsarelargelyformedfromthebuildingelements,namely,roots,prefixes,suffixesandexistingwords.Generally,werecognizesevencommonlyusedprocessesofword-formationinmedicallanguage.Theyare:Affixation（词缀法）Composition（复合法）Conversion（
6、转换法）Blending（拼缀法）Backformation（逆生法）Clipping（截短法）Acronym（首字母简略法）Unit 1 Doctors LifeLead-inVocabularyTypesofcombiningforms-o-cardi+ocardio-o+logy-ology-a-par+apara-y-brad+ybrady-pol+ypoly-i-mult+imulti-i+cide-icidee.g.neur/o/psych/o/pathy(神经精神性疾病神经精神性疾病)gastr/o/enter/itis（胃肠炎）（胃肠炎）germ/i/cide（杀菌剂）（杀菌剂
7、）dent/i/form（牙形的）（牙形的）par/a/thyroid（甲状旁腺）（甲状旁腺）hyper/chlor/emia(高氯血高氯血)peri/card/itis(心包炎心包炎)Unit 1 Doctors LifeVocabulary脏器方面的词缀心heart,cardio-carditis心脏炎；cardiology心脏病学；cardiologist脑brainencephalo-；cerebralcerebrum大脑；encephalitis大脑炎cerebellum小脑；cerebritis小脑炎肺 lung pulmon-： pulmonary pulmonitis 肺炎；
8、pneumonia肺炎pulmonectomy肺切除；pulmonology肺学Vocabulary肝liver，hepato-； heptatic hepatitis肝炎； hepatology肝学胃 stomach， gastro-； gastric gastritis 胃炎； gastrointestinal胃肠的 gastrology胃学胆gallbladder ; chol/o: biliary, bile cholecystitis 胆囊炎; cyst/o: cyst, urinary bladder囊， 膀胱 cholecyst胆囊；gall-stone胆结石Vocabulary
9、肠 intestine； entero-； intestinal enteritis肠炎； enterectomy肠切除脾spleen splen/o: spleen; splenalgia脾痛 algia: pain splenectomy 脾切除术胰腺pancreas， panreatic； pancreat/o: pancreatitis胰腺炎； pancreatopathy胰病Vocabulary肾kidney；nephro-；rena-；nephritis肾炎；nephropathy肾病renalfailure肾衰竭；血bloodhem/o:;hemat/o:hematology血液
10、学；hemoglobin血红蛋白hemorrhage出血，失血血管 blood vessel； vaso-； cardiovasology心血管学； cerebrovascular脑血管的静脉vein； ven-； venography静脉造影； intravenous静脉注射的； 静脉内的 venodilation静脉扩张Vocabulary动脉artery； arterio-； arteriology动脉学； arteriole小动脉 arteriosclerosis动脉硬化肌肉muscle； my/o: muscle myology 肌肉学； myocarditis心肌炎骨髓bone m
11、arrow； myel/o: myelitis骨髓炎； myeloma骨髓瘤 神经nerve；neur/o:neuro-neurology神经学；neuritis神经炎neuron神经元Vocabulary细胞cell；cyte-；-cytecytology细胞学；leukocyte白细胞cytoma细胞瘤尿urineuro-；ur-urology泌尿学；urosurgery泌尿手术urogenital泌尿生殖的体body，somat/o:-somesomatology躯体学；somatopsychic身心的chromosome染色体Lead-inQuestions to be answere
12、d Whatarethecausesforcomplaintsofdoctorsbeingimpatientandcareless?Whatkindoflifedoesadoctorlead?Howcanordinaryincidentsinfluencethewaydoctorspracticemedicine?Unit 1 Doctors LifeLead-inBrainstorm Brainstormalistofwordsandexpressionsrelatedtoadoctorslifeandpractice.Unit 1 Doctors LifeLead-inAdditional
13、 activity Whatdotheymeanforadoctor?adecentcareeranoblecallingrespectableknowledgeableundergreatpressureunderpaidmistrusteddangerousUnit 1 Doctors LifeText ACriticalreadingandthinkingQuestionsfordiscussionTopicsforpresentationUsefulexpressionsDifficultsentencesLanguagebuilding-upSignpostlanguageForma
14、lEnglishVocabularytestSuggestedanswersUnit 1 Doctors LifeText A CriticalreadingandthinkingQuestions for discussion Howdoyouinterpretthetitle?neuronoverloadjugglingphysicianUnit 1 Doctors LifeText A CriticalreadingandthinkingTopics for presentation1.Doyouagreethatitissheerneuronoverloadonthedoctorsid
15、ethatleadstothecomplaintthatdoctorsdontlisten?neuronoverloadpatientshighexpectationsmistrust and misunderstanding between thepatientsandphysicianUnit 1 Doctors Life2.DescribeMrs.Osorioscondition.Text A Topics for presentationUnit 1 Doctors LifeText A Useful expressionsa56-year-oldwomansomewhatoverwe
16、ightreasonablywell-controlleddiabetesandhypertensioncholesterolonthehighsidewithoutanymedicationsforthisnotasmuchexerciseassheshouldthinningofherbonesonlastDEXAscanstressfulbutgoodaboutkeepingherappointmentsandgettingherbloodtestsgenerallyhealthyUnit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText A Us
17、eful expressionsinmypractice/inamedicalpracticeoverweightdiabeteshypertensioncholesterolonthehighsideDEXAscanthinningofherbones/lowerdensitystressfullifekeepherappointmentsbloodtestsgenerallyhealthyanaveragepatientnotexcessivelycomplicatedUnit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText A Topics fo
18、r presentation3. What are the good and bad thingsabout Mrs. Osorios conditions that runthroughtheauthorsmind?Unit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText A Useful expressionsGoodThingsBloodtestsdoneGlucosealittlebetterHerbloodpressuregoodbutnotgreatBadThingsHerweightalittleupHerbonesalittlethin
19、ontheDEXAUnit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText A Useful expressions20-minconsultationglucosestartingastatinliverenzymesnormalfivefruitsandvegetablesdietchoices30minofwalkingeachdayexercisemorningsugarscomparetohereveningsugarsthenutritionist/hereyedoctor/thepodiatristbloodpressureaddanot
20、herBPmedmorepillsUnit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText A Useful expressionsstartabisphosphonatepreventosteoporosisexperiencingjusttheusualstressoflifelurkingdepressionoranxietydisorderthedepressionquestionnairehealthmaintenanceherlastmammogramPAPsmearcolonoscopyatetanusboosterqualifyfora
21、pneumoniavaccineUnit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText A Topics for presentation4.DescribethesituationwhenMrs.Ororiomightsendtheauthorsdelicatelybalancedthree-ringcircustumblingdown.Unit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText A Useful expressionsTheauthorwasinmoderatestateofpanic:ju
22、gglingsomanythoughtsaboutMrs.Osoriosconditionsandtryingtoresolvethemallbeforetheclockrandown.Mrs.Osoriomadeatrivialrequest,notsoimportantascomparedtoherconditions.Mrs.Osorioseemedtocareonlyabouther“innocentandcompletelyjustifiedrequest”:theformsignedbyherdoctor.Thedoctortriedtooratleastpretendtopaya
23、ttentiontothepatientswhilecompletingdocumentation.Complaintsthatdoctorsdontlistenmighthaveotherreasonsthanjustdoctorsneuronoverload.Unit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText A Useful expressionsthediet-and-exercisediscussionnotmakingeyecontactwithMrs.Osorio(communicationskills)getherlabresul
24、tscheckhermammogramreportdocumenttheprogressofherillnessesorderthetestsrefillherprescriptionsUnit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText A Useful expressionsherinsurancecompany/insuranceform/losemycoveragedoherphysicalexaminationherbackpainanythingmorethanroutinemusclestrainplaceintoaccuratean
25、dthoroughdocumentationinteractwithmypatientUnit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinking5.Comparemultitaskinginhumanbeingsandcomputers.Text A Topics for presentationUnit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText A Useful expressionsMultitaskingoriginatedincomputerscience.Microprocessorsinfactline
26、ar,actuallyperformingonlyonetaskatatime.Multitaskingjustasanillusionbothincomputerandhumans.Atbest,Humanjugglingonlyahandfulofthoughtsinthismanner.Themorethoughtswejuggle,thelessweareabletoattunefullytoanygiventhought.MultitaskingasarecipefordisasterUnit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText
27、A Useful expressionsaninsurancecompanyformorderhermammogramrefillonlyfiveofhersixmedicinesfullyexplaintheside-effectsofoneofhermedicationsUnit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinking6. Use numbers to justify that it is thejugglingmindthatkeepsdoctorsawakeatnight.Text A Topics for presentationUnit 1
28、 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText A Useful expressions7medicalissuestoconsider5separatethoughts,atleast,foreachissue7X5=35thoughts10patientsthatafternoon35X10=3505residentsundertheauthorssupervision4patientsseenbyeachresidents10thoughts,atleast,generatedbyeachpatients5X4X10=200350+200=550t
29、houghtstobehandledintotalIfthedoctordoesagoodjobjuggling98%ofthetime,thatstillleavestenthoughtsthatmightgetlostintheprocess.Unit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText A Useful expressionsmedicalissuestoconsidersupervisefiveresidentsinaworkingdayadisastrousoutcomeapossiblelawsuitMostdoctorsare
30、reasonablycompetent,caringindividuals,buttheoverwhelmingswirlofthoughtsthatwemustkeeptrackofleavesmanyofusinaperpetualpanicthatsomethingseriousmightslip.Thisiswhatkeepsusawakeatnight.Unit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinking7.Whatarepossiblesolutionstotheimpossiblehigh-wireactofjugglingcompeting
31、detailsandpanickingaboutslippingacriticalone?Text A Topics for presentationUnit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText A Useful expressionscomputer-generatedreminderscasemanagersancillaryservicesthesimplest:timeUnit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText A Useful expressionsanhourforeach
32、patientaspectaculardoctorSituationinChina?thechoicesthatpracticingphysiciansfaceeveryday,witheverypatientrelyonourclinicaljudgmenttoprioritisetransplantfieldadedicatedandcompetentclinicalpartnersuchasaone-on-onenursemedicalbudgetsUnit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText A Difficult Sentence
33、s1thatonestrayrequestfromapatientevenone that is quite relevantmight send thedelicately balanced three-ring circus tumblingdown.(Para.1)如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然崩塌一样。同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然崩塌一样。Unit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadi
34、ngandthinking2.Impilingyetanotherpillontoher.(Para.3)我还要再给她另加一种药我还要再给她另加一种药Text A Difficult SentencesUnit 1 Doctors LifeText A Difficult Sentencesshescaughtoneofmyneuronsinmid-fire(Para.4) 她让我如火如荼的思绪戛然而止她让我如火如荼的思绪戛然而止Myinstinctistoputonehandupandkeepallinterruptionsatbay.(Para.4) 我的本能反应是举手，阻止她打断我的思路
35、。我的本能反应是举手，阻止她打断我的思路。Unit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText A Difficult SentencesWemerelyzipbackandforthbetweenthem,generallylosingaccuracyintheprocess.(Para.7) 我们人类只是在两个想法之间来回快速转换，通常我们人类只是在两个想法之间来回快速转换，通常情况下，在转换的过程中丢失了精准。情况下，在转换的过程中丢失了精准。Themorethoughtswejuggle,thelessweareabletoattunefu
36、llytoanygiventhought.(Para.8) Thehigherup,theheavierthefall.Themore,thebetter.Unit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText A Difficult SentencesMychoicesseemtoboildowntoentertainingfewerthoughts,acceptingdecreasedaccuracyforeachthought,givinguponthoroughdocumentation,orhavingaconstantheadachefr
37、omneuronaloverload.(Para.10)boildownto:归结为归结为Itboilsdowntoaquestionofethics.它可归结成一个伦理学问题它可归结成一个伦理学问题。Unit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText A Difficult SentencesIn some cases, having a dedicated andcompetentclinicalpartnersuchasaone-on-onenurse can come close to simulating a secondbrain,b
38、utmostmedicalbudgetsdontallowforsuchstaffingindulgence.(Para.12)有些情况下，有个专注、出色的临床搭档，如一对一有些情况下，有个专注、出色的临床搭档，如一对一的护士，就仿佛有了第二个大脑，不过大多数医疗预的护士，就仿佛有了第二个大脑，不过大多数医疗预算不会如此大方，这样配备人员。算不会如此大方，这样配备人员。Unit 1 Doctors LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingText A Language Building-up LanguageWhatarethedifferencesbetweenforma
39、lEnglishandinformalEnglish?Canyoufindanyexamplesfromthetext?Unit 1 Doctors LifeText A Language Building-up Formal EnglishDegreeofformalityshouldbedeterminedbytheaudiencetheexpectationsoftheaudiencethewriterspurposesForexample,thewriterofTextAemploysinformallanguagewhenrecordingherjugglingthoughts,an
40、danoticeableshiftfromthatoftherestofthearticlewhereformalstyleisconsistentlymaintained.Ajugglingmindisvividlypresentedbyinformalandevenungrammaticaluseoflanguage,suchas“Maybe leave this until next time?”Unit 1 Doctors LifeText A Language Building-up Formal EnglishFormalEnglishItisusedinofficial,lite
41、rary,academicwriting,orformalsocialevents.Itismorecommonlyusedinwritingthanspeech.Sentencesareoftenlongandcomplex.Contractionsareavoided.InformalEnglishIt is used in everydaypersonalconversationsorletterstofriends.Itismorecommonlyusedin everyday speech thaninwriting.Sentencesareoftenshortandsimple.C
42、ontractionsarecommon.Unit 1 Doctors LifeText A Language Building-up Formal EnglishFormalEnglishThepassivevoiceisoftenused,makingitsoundimpersonal.MuchvocabularyderivedfromFrenchandLatinisused.Colloquialterms,slangsandmanyphrasalverbsareavoided.InformalEnglishTheactivevoiceisoftenused.Vocabularyderiv
43、edfromFrenchandLatinisnotused.Colloquialterms,slangsandmanyphrasalverbsarecommon.Unit 1 Doctors LifeText A Language Building-up ExamplesFormalEnglishTheresearchersidentifiedtheimportantproperties.Doctorshaveestablishedanewmethod.ThisappearedtorectifytheproblemInformalEnglishTheresearchersfoundoutwha
44、ttheimportantthingswere.Doctorshavecomeupwithanewmethod.ThisseemedtofixtheproblemUnit 1 Doctors LifeText A Language Building-up ExamplesFormalEnglishHiswordsdemonstratethatDetailsofthereportaretobefoundonPage26.Theexperimentwascarriedout/performed.InformalEnglishHiswordsshowthatYoucanfindoutallabout
45、thereportonpage26.Theydidanexperiment.Unit 1 Doctors LifeText A Language Building-up Formal English key to Task 3 (P 11)1Goodthingshedidherbloodtests.Glucoseisalittlebetter.Cholesterolisntgreat.Mayneedtothinkaboutstartingastatin.Areherliverenzymesnormal?(Para.3)Goodsignsincludethatshedidherbloodtest
46、s,andthat her glucose level is a little better. However, hercholesterollevelisntgreat,andImayneedtoconsiderprescribingastatinforher.Furthermore,Iwonderedifherliverenzymesarenormal.Unit 1 Doctors LifeTask3RewritethefollowingsentencesfromTextAwithamoreformalstyle.Text A Language Building-up Formal Eng
47、lish key to Task 3 (P 11)2Hasshebeentotheeyedoctor?Thepodiatrist?(Para.3)Unit 1 Doctors LifeHasshebeentotheeyedoctorandthepodiatrist?Text A Language Building-up Formal English key to Task 3 (P 11)3ButnowImpilingyetanotherpillontoher,andonethatrequiresdetailedinstructions.Maybeleavethisuntilnexttime?
48、(Para.3)Unit 1 Doctors LifeButnowImpilingyetanotherpillontoher,and the pill requires detailed instructions.“Maybe,shouldIleavethisuntilnexttime?”Ithought.Text A Language Building-up Formal English key to Task 3 (P 11)4Healthmaintenance:whenwasherlastmammogram?PAPsmear?(Para.3)Unit 1 Doctors LifeTomy
49、mindcameherhealthmaintenance.Iaskedmyself,“Whendidshe receive her last mammogram andPAPsmear?”Text A Vocabulary test_overload（神经过载）atypicaloffice_（典型的诊所就诊）DEXA_（DEXA扫描）medical_（行医）visitscanpracticeneuron/neuronal_report（乳房X-线检查报告）_examination（体检）_ofamedication（药物的副作用）mammogramside-effectsphysicalUni
50、t 1 Doctors LifeLanguage Building-up Text A Vocabulary test_control（血压控制）health_（健康保持）perpetual_（永久的恐慌）_physicians（执业医生）_field（移植领域）medical_（医疗预算）paracetamol_（扑热息痛药片）_cap（防孩子打开的盖子）panicbloodpressuremaintenancepracticingtransplantbudgettabletchildproofUnit 1 Doctors LifeLanguage Building-up Text A Su
51、ggested answersUnit 1 Doctors LifeTask1.2MatcheachofthefollowingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent.pneumothoraxnutrienthypertensioncolonoscopymammectomyrefillneuralgiapodiatristnutritionistosteoporosisneurontransmittransplantpneumoniamammograma.移植b.高血压c.乳房X线照片d.结肠镜检查（术）e.神经元，神经细胞f.肺炎g.营养物h.神经痛i.营养学家j.再
52、配（处方）k.气胸l.传染m.骨质疏松n.足病医生o.乳房切除术kgbdojhnimeiafcText A Suggested answers language building-upUnit 1 Doctors LifeTask1.2MatcheachofthefollowingdefinitionswithitscorrespondingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent.EnglishChineseDefinition1examinationofthecolonwithacolonoscope2abnormallyelevatedbloodpressure3a
53、nx-rayimageofthebreast4nervecell5onewhoistrainedoranexpertinthefieldofnutrition6adiseaseinwhichthebonesbecomeweakandbreakeasilycolonoscopy结肠镜检查（术）hypertension高血压mammogram乳房X线照片neuron神经元，神经细胞nutritionist营养学家osteoporosis骨质疏松Text A Suggested answers language building-upUnit 1 Doctors LifeTask1.2Matchea
54、chofthefollowingdefinitionswithitscorrespondingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent.EnglishChineseDefinition7inflammationofthelungs8onewhoisspecializedinthediagnosis,treatment,andpreventionofdiseasesofthehumanfoot9asecondorsubsequentfilling10transferatissueoranorganfromonebodyorbodyparttoanothertransplan
55、t移植pneumonia肺炎podiatrist足病医生refill再配（处方）Text A Suggested answers language building-upUnit 1 Doctors LifeTask2SignpostlanguageFindsomeexamplesofparentheticalstatementfromTextA.From her perspective, this is probably the mostimportantiteminourvisit,butthefactisthatshescaughtoneofmyneuronsinmid-fire(the
56、onethatsthinking about her blood sugar, which issegueing into the neuron thats preparing thediet-and-exercisediscussion,whichisintersectingwiththeonethatsdebatingaboutinitiatingastatin).(Para.4)WhatifIdroponewhatifoneofmythoughtsevaporates while I address another concern?(Para.4)Text A Suggested ans
57、wers language building-upUnit 1 Doctors LifeTask2SignpostlanguageFindsomeexamplesofparentheticalstatementfromTextA.Aninnocentandcompletelyjustifiedrequest,butIfeelthatthiscouldbethestrawthatbreaksthecamelsback,thattheprecariousbalanceofall that Im keeping in the air will be simplyunhinged.(Para.5)Th
58、erearemanyproposedsolutionscomputer-generatedreminders,casemanagers,ancillaryservices.(Para.10)Text BCritical reading and thinkingResearchingLanguage building-upUnit 1 Doctors LifeText B Critical Reading and ThinkingReflectionDr.Sackettseventful“clinicalcourse”andiconoclasm(Para.9)Attitudecanbelife-
59、changing.Sticktothejustifiablebeliefsandactout.Beyourselforbeuniquemaybringaboutsurprises.Developyourownpersonalityispartofprofessionallife.Scienceowesmuchtothosenon-conventionalistsandiconoclasts.Unit 1 Doctors LifeText B Critical Reading and Thinking1influenceofThomasChalmerspaper(Para.1)Unit 1 Do
60、ctors LifeOneofthemostdetailedreportsofclinicaltrialseverpublishedwithaTableofContentsandafurther71pagesofsmalltypeAmodelofforreportingrandomizedtrialsDramaticchangesintheauthorscareerWrite down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Text B Critical Read
61、ing and Thinking2DesignofThomasChalmerstrial(Para.2)Unit 1 Doctors LifeCleardescriptionoftheeligibilitycriteriaofparticipants,andtheirrandomallocationComparisonsoftworegimenspertrialPrecisedefinitionofexperimentalandcontrolregimensClosemonitoringandreinforcementofcompliancewithregimensInclusionofall
62、patientsattheendofthetrialsClearandtransparentanalysesThe“externalvalidity”ofthetrialresultstestedbycomparisonwithanother,independentcontrolgroupofpatientsAssessmentoflateeffectsofthetreatmentregimensina10-yearfollow-upstudyWrite down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answer
63、s with your partner.Text B Critical Reading and Thinking3conventionalwisdomofType-Ahepatitisinthe1950s(Para.4-5)Unit 1 Doctors LifeBedrestuntilrecessionofenlargeliverandreturnofbilirubintonormaltoavoidpermanentliverdamageBedrestrequiredagainbyrelapseofthereboundoftheenzymesafterthepatientsgotupandar
64、oundConventionalwisdomservingasbasisfordailyconfrontationbetweenthepatientandtheclinicalclerkWrite down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Text B Critical Reading and Thinking4theauthorseventful“clinicalcourse”(Para.5-9)Unit 1 Doctors LifeLatenticono
65、clasmApologytohispatientA“trouble-maker”withconstantdoubtforconventionaltherapeuticwisdomandoffensesespeciallyagainstthesubspecialistsAstormytimeinobstetricsUnfavorablenotorietyonmedicalwardDeepoffenseagainstaprofessorofpediatricsbypubliclycorrectinghimonthenumberofhumanchromosomesWrite down the inf
66、ormation on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Text B Critical Reading and Thinking5historyofrandomizedtrials(Para.11)Unit 1 Doctors LifeIn1955,duringthedawnofthemoderneraofrandomizedclinicaltrials,only347reportsofrandomizedtrialsHalfacenturylater,about50,000reportsofr
67、andomizedtrialseveryyear,withthetotalnumberoftrialreportsbythenexceedinghalfamillionWrite down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Text B Difficult sentencesThis conventional wisdom formed the basis for dailyconfrontations between an increasingly rest
68、less andresentfulpatientandanincreasinglyadamantanddoom-predictingclinicalclerk.(Para.4)有的病人越来越焦躁不安、越来越愤愤不满，有的临床医生越来越固执己见、越来越热衷于生死决断。这种传统智慧就成了这些病人和临床医生之间天天对抗不断的基础。Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical Reading and ThinkingText B Difficult sentencesMysubsequentclinicalcoursewasfarfromuneventful.(Para.9)我后来的“临床之
69、路”远非平淡无奇theyhadfallenfrom48to46thepreviousmonth!(Para.9)（染色体的数量）在上个月已经从48条变为46！（人体到底有多少条染色体？这个问题经过了几十年的反复，到1954年才确定为23对，46条。）Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical Reading and ThinkingText B Difficult sentencesIamproudtohavecontributedtothisdevelopment,totheskepticismthatdrivesit,andtothebetterinformedtreatmen
70、tdecisionsandchoiceswhichhavebeenmadepossibleasaresult.(Para.11)对于随机试验的发展、对于驱动这种发展的怀疑态度、以及对于因此而可能做出更好的知情治疗决定和选择，我有一份贡献，对此我感到自豪。Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical Reading and ThinkingText B ResearchingRandomizedcontrolledtrial(RCT)hasbeenoneofthemost common forms of clinical trial. Work in a smallgroup and
71、explore the media and literature forinformation about RCT according to the followingquestions:WhatisthedefinitionofRCT?Whodevelopeditfirst?WhatisthenatureofRCT?WhatistheprocessofRCTUnit 1 Doctors LifeText B ResearchingRandomizedclinicaltrials随机比对临床试验随机比对临床试验Arandomizedcontrolledtrial(RCT)(orrandomiz
72、edcomparativetrial)isaspecifictypeofscientificexperiment,andthepreferreddesignforaclinicaltrial.RCTareoftenusedtotesttheefficacyofvarioustypesofinterventionwithinapatientpopulation.RCTmayalsoprovideanopportunitytogatherusefulinformationaboutadverseeffects,suchasdrugreactions.Unit 1 Doctors LifeText
73、B ResearchingThekeydistinguishingfeatureoftheusualRCTisthatstudy subjects, after assessment of eligibility andrecruitment, but before the intervention to be studiedbegins,arerandomlyallocatedtoreceiveoneorotherofthealternativetreatmentsunderstudy.Random allocation in real trials is complex, butconce
74、ptually,theprocessisliketossingacoin.Unit 1 Doctors LifeRandomizedclinicaltrials随机比对临床试验随机比对临床试验Text B ResearchingAfterrandomization,thetwo(ormore)groupsofsubjectsarefollowed in exactly the same way, and the only differencesbetween the care they receive, for example, in terms ofprocedures,tests,outp
75、atientvisits,follow-upcallsetc.shouldbethoseintrinsictothetreatmentsbeingcompared.Themostimportantadvantageofproperrandomizationisthatit minimizes allocation bias, balancing both known andunknownprognosticfactors,intheassignmentoftreatments.Unit 1 Doctors LifeRandomizedclinicaltrials随机比对临床试验随机比对临床试验
76、Text B Vocabulary test_clinicaltrial（随机临床试验）random_（随机分配）patient_（病人的预后）_group（对照组）a10-year_study（10年的跟踪研究）randomizedallocationprognosiscontrolfollow-upUnit 1 Doctors LifeLanguage building-upText B Vocabulary testamedical_（内科病房）infectious_（传染性肝炎）severe_（身体严重不适）bilirubin_（胆红素代谢）permanent_damage（永久的肝损
77、伤）wardhepatitismalaisemetabolismliverUnit 1 Doctors LifeText B Vocabulary testexacerbate_（加重病理生理状况）medical_（医学文献）clinical_（临床调查）_ofrelapse（复发率）clinical_（临床流行病学）pathophysiologyliteratureinvestigationmetabolismepidemiologyUnit 1 Doctors LifeText B Vocabulary teststrict_（严格的卧床休息）hospital_（住院）recurrent_
78、（反复发作的黄疸）clinical_（临床病程）bedreststayjaundicecourseUnit 1 Doctors LifeText B Vocabulary test_morphine（静脉注射吗啡）_bloodpressure（舒张压）brain_（大脑血灌注）_care（初级保健）aorto-coronaryarterial_（主动脉冠状动脉旁路）_treatmentdecision（知情治疗决定）intravenousdiastolicperfusionprimarybypassinformedUnit 1 Doctors LifeText CTask: Write a s
79、ummaryUnit 1 Doctors LifeText C Task:WriteasummaryFrenchNameFoundersDateofestablishmentHeadquartersMdecinsSansFrontires(MSF)10FrenchphysicianswhoweredissatisfiedwiththeneutralityoftheRedCross1971BrusselsUnit 1 Doctors LifeText C Task:WriteasummaryPurposeToprovidingmedicalcaretovictimsofpoliticalviol
80、enceornaturaldisasters,aswellastothosewholackaccesstosuchtreatmentUnit 1 Doctors LifeText C Task:WriteasummaryPastEffortsIn1972,itsfirstmajorreliefeffort,helpingvictimsofanearthquakeinNicaraguaIn1976,caringforvictimsoffightinginLebanonIn1979,caringforvictimsoffightinginAfghanistanIn2003,foundingpart
81、nershipintheorganizationDrugsforNeglectedDiseasesInitiative(DNDI),workingtocreatemedicinesforsuchdiseasesasmalaria,tuberculosis,andHIV/AIDSIN2010,anintegralpartoftheemergencyreliefeffortsinHaitiaftertheearthquakeUnit 1 Doctors LifeListeningPredictionTask 2Unit 1 Doctors LifeListening PredictionDepen
82、dingonbackgroundinformationandcommonsenseAneffectivewayofprocessingspeechUnit 1 Doctors LifeListening PredictionTask2Watchthevideoandtakenotesaboutthefollowingpoints.consequencesofphysicianburnoutIncreasedriskforsubstanceabuseDamagetopersonalrelationshipsIncreasedriskfordevelopinginappropriateprescr
83、ibingpatternsUnit 1 Doctors LifeListening News Report PredictionTask2Watchthevideoandtakenotesaboutthefollowingpoints.designofthesurvey556physicianssurveyedquestionsaboutjobsatisfaction,emotionalwell-being,andtheaspectsofthejobthataremostmeaningfulUnit 1 Doctors LifeListening PredictionTask2Watchthe
84、videoandtakenotesaboutthefollowingpoints.findingsofthesurvey34%burnout88%respondentsspentatleast20%oftheirworkingtimeonthemostpersonallymeaningful activities had about half theburnoutrateofthosewhodidnotUnit 1 Doctors LifeListening PredictionTask2Watchthevideoandtakenotesaboutthefollowingpoints.crit
85、eriaforburnoutemotionalexhaustiondepersonalizationalowsenseofpersonalaccomplishmentUnit 1 Doctors LifeListening PredictionTask2Watchthevideoandtakenotesaboutthefollowingpoints.implicationofthesurveytheneedtooptimizecareerfitamongphysiciansinordertoreduceburnoutratesUnit 1 Doctors LifeSpeaking Asking
86、 for Information / clarificationUnit 1 Doctors LifeSpeaking Asking for Information / clarificationStrategiesBepoliteAvoiddirectquestionsUnit 1 Doctors LifeSpeaking Asking for Information / clarificationLesspoliteCanyougooverthebitaboutagain?IdidntunderstandwhatyousaidaboutCouldyourepeat?MorepoliteCo
87、uldyougooverthebitaboutagain?IdidntquiteunderstandwhatyousaidaboutIwonderifyoucouldrepeat.?Unit 1 Doctors LifeSpeaking Asking for Information / clarificationLesspoliteCanyougiveagain?Doessurrealistmean?Whatdoesmean?Whatisoratory?MorepoliteWouldyoumindgiving.again?Doyouknowifsurrealistmeans?Canyourem
88、emberwhatmean?Couldyoutellmesomethingaboutoratory?Unit 1 Doctors LifeSpeaking Asking for Information / clarificationTaskNowworkwithapartnerandusethepoliteexpressionslistedabovetoaskeachothertoclarifythefollowingtermswithoutreferringtoTextAandTextB.1.BPmed2.DEXAscan3.controlgroup4.red-flagsigns5.rand
89、omizedtrial6.eligibilitycriteria7.humanchromosomeUnit 1 Doctors LifeWriting Introduction Choosing a topicUnit 1 Doctors LifeWriting Research Paper Project IntroductionWritingaresearchpaper:anessentialpartofacademics.Writearesearchpaperinoneofthefieldscoveredinthiscourse,referringtothe“Contents”.Gath
90、er,sort,synthesizeandanalyzerelevantinformationandofferyourownuniqueperspective.Unit 1 Doctors LifeWriting Research Paper Project Choosing a topicNottoogeneralorbroadNottoolimitedornarrowSomethingtowriteabout,withrelevantsourcematerialsIntriguingandinspiringAvoidatopicthathasveryUnit 1 Doctors LifeW
91、riting Research Paper Project Choosing a topicTask1Workinpairsandconsiderwhetherthefollowingtopicsaresuitableandmanageablefora2,000-wordpaper.Check()yourchoices.pReflectionontheapplicationofChinesemedicinepTheeffectofsomediseasepreventionprogramspAsurveyofsomeresidentphysicianslifepProblemsofAmerica
92、nMedicaresystempEffectsofglobalizationonpeopleslifeUnit 1 Doctors LifeText B Assignment for Group PresentationsTheclasswillberandomlydividedinto10groups.Eachgroupshouldchooseonememberastheirorganizer.Inthewholesemester,eachgroupissupposedtocollaborateinpreparinganddeliveringONEpresentationfocusingon
93、ResearchingafterTextB.Thepresentinggroupforeachunitwillbedecidedbydrawinglotsoneweekaheadofthepresentation.APPTshouldbepreparedandsubmittedbythepresentinggroup.Thepresentationwillbedeliveredwhen“PartVSpeaking”iscovered.Unit 1 Doctors LifeResearchingText B Tips on how to prepare a presentationNomoret
94、hansixlinesononePPTslideNomorethanthreecolorsononePPTslideFrugaluseofimages,animation,andaudioandvideomaterialsOnlykeypointsonslidesUse phrases or short sentences rather than inparagraphs.Nomorethan5minutesforapresentationEverygroupmembermusthaveashowattheplatform.Unit 1 Doctors LifeResearchingText
95、B Tips on how to deliver a presentationMaintaineyecontactwithaudience.Speakclearlyandloudenough.Usenaturalbodylanguage.Dontspeaktoofast.LeavetimeforQ&A.Unit 1 Doctors LifeResearchingText B Evaluation of the Group PresentationCriteriaforevaluationincludeOverallImpressionOrganizationPertinenceUseofEng
96、lishLanguageUnit 1 Doctors LifeResearchingAllgroupmemberwillbegiventhesamescoreforthisactivity.Theperformanceaccountsfor5%inthefinalgrade.Letsdecidewhichgroupwillpresentforthisunit.Get ready for Unit 2 Presentations for Unit 2Unit 1 Doctors LifeGet ready for Unit 2 Questions for Unit 21.Whatdoesthea
97、uthorimplybymentioningtwochoices?2.Describetheheadydaysofvictorydeclarationsandwhatfollowedeversince. Elaborateonthejoinedbattle.3.Justify“therealizationthatworldhealthisindivisible”.4.Exemplifythestatementthat“Everyreturningconditionmarchestothebeatofadifferentdrum.”5.Vaccinationpracticesareattheheartofthemostinfectiousdiseases.Useexamplestoproveit.6.WhatarethefourareasoffocusaccordingtoBobHoward?7.“Oldenemiesneverdies.”Justifyitmedically.Unit 1 Doctors Life
