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1、被被 动动 语语 态态主动语态BE的谓语形式总结(1)1.主+am/is/are2.主+am/is/are+being3.主+will+be4.主+hasbeen1.Heisaleader.2.Heisbeinghere.3.Hewillbealeader.4.Hehasbeenaleader.主动语态BE的谓语形式总结(2)1.主+was/were2.主+was/were+being3.主+would+be4.主+hadbeen1.Hewasaleader.2.Hewasbeingherejustnow.3.Hewouldbealeader.4.Hehadbeenaleaderseveral
2、yearsago.基基 础础 知知 识识一、什么是被动语态？英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。1.定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。2.被动语态的构成：被字句：主语+be+动词过去分词(v-ed)+bysb.我打他Ibeathim.(打过了)他被我打=他打被我Hewasbeatenbyme.他喜欢她Helikesher.她喜欢被他Sheislikedbyhim.(am/is/are).被动语态的时态是由be动词的时态决定的，be动词是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，
3、be动词后面的过去分词不变。被动语态:主+ BE +过去分词过去分词+(BY SB)1.Heeatstheapple.2.Heatetheapple.3.Heis eatingtheapple.4.Hewas eatingtheapple.5.Hewill eattheapple.6.Hewould eattheapple.7.Hehas eatentheapple.8.Hehad eatentheapple.1.Theappleis eatenbyhim.2.Theapplewas eatenbyhim.3.Theappleis being eatenbyhim.4.Theapplewas
4、being eatenbyhim.5.Theapplewill be eatenbyhim.6.Theapplewould be eatenbyhim.7.Theapplehas been eatenbyhim.8.Theapplehad been eatenbyhim.二、时态和被动语态的对应(1)他们平时玩这个游戏。这个游戏被他们玩。一般一般现现在在时时Theyplaythegame.Thegameisplayedbythem.被动语态：主+am/ is/ are+ V-ed +by sb.主动语态：主+V +.时态和被动语态的对应(2)他们以前玩这个游戏。这个游戏以前被他们玩。一般一般过
5、过去去时时Theyplayedthegame.Thegamewasplayedbythem.被动语态：主+was/ were+ V-ed +by sb.主动语态：主+ V-ed +.时态和被动语态的对应(3)他们正在玩这个游戏。这个游戏正在被他们玩。现现在在进进行行时时Theyareplayingthegame.Thegameisbeingplayedbythem.被动语态：主+am/ is/ are + being + V-ed +by sb.主动语态：主+am/ is/ are + V-ing +.时态和被动语态的对应(4)他们那时正在玩这个游戏。这个游戏那时正在被他们玩。过过去去进进行行
6、时时Theywereplayingthegame.Thegamewasbeingplayedbythem.主+was/ were +being+ V-ed +by sb.主动语态：主+was/ were +V-ing +.时态和被动语态的对应(5)他们准备玩这个游戏。这个游戏准备被他们玩。一般将来一般将来时时Theywillplaythegame.Thegamewillbeplayedbythem.被动语态：主+will +be + V-ed +by sb.主动语态：主+will +V原 +时态和被动语态的对应(6)他们那时准备玩这个游戏。这个游戏那时准备被他们玩。过过去将来去将来时时They
7、wouldplaythegame.Thegamewouldbeplayedbythem.被动语态：主+would +be + V-ed +by sb.主动语态：主+would +V原 +.时态和被动语态的对应(7)他们已经玩这个游戏3天了。这个游戏已经被他们玩3天了。现现在完成在完成时时Theyhaveplayedthegamefor3days.Thegamehasbeenplayedbythemfor3days.被动语态：主+has/ have +been + V-ed + by sb.主动语态：主+has/ have +V-ed +.时态和被动语态的对应(8)到昨天他们已经玩这个游戏3天了
8、。到昨天这个游戏已经被他们玩3天了。过过去完成去完成时时Theyhadplayedthegamefor3daystillyesterday.Thegamehadbeenplayedbythemfor3daystillyesterday.被动语态：主+has/ have +been + V-ed +by sb.主动语态：主+has/ have + V-ed +.三、情态动词的被动语态他儿子一定照顾这个人。Hissonmusttakecareoftheperson.这个人一定要由他儿子照顾=即这个人一定照顾由他儿子。Thepersonmustbetakencareofbyhisson.含有情态动词
9、的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可。构成：主语+情态动词(can,may,must)+be(永远是原形)+过去分词+bysb.1.Youmustdothisassoonaspossible.2.Icanuseit.3.Youshouldbuyadictionary.4.Sheoughttocleanherbedroom.5.Theyneedlookafterthelittlechild.6.Wecanchangewaterintoice.1.Thismustbedoneassoonaspossible(byyou).2.Itcanbeused.3.Adictionarys
10、houldbebought(byyou).4.Herbedroomoughttobecleaned.5.Thelittlechildneedbelookedafter(bythem).6.Watercanbechangedintoice.提提 高高 知知 识识一、是不是所有的是不是所有的动词都有被都有被动语态？1.(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。这类动词或短语如：takeplace(发生)，happen(发生)，comeabout(发生)，breakout(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，die,end(vi.结束),fa
11、il,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart等。(2)不能用于被不能用于被动语态的及物的及物动词或或动词短短语：Fit合适,have,hold,marry结婚,own拥有,wish,cost值,notice注意,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin成功,sufferfrom受苦,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto属于Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.这把钥匙只适合于这把锁。You
12、rstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.你的故事与听说的相符。(3)系动词无被动语态：appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turnItsoundsgood.听起来很好。Tellmeifyoufeelcold你要是感到冷就告诉我。(4)某些静态的及物动词(表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词)，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、looklike、c
13、onsistto、have、belongto等。Theyhaveanicecar他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。Myshoesdontfitme我的鞋不合适。Mybraincantholdsomuchinformationatonetime我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。HowmuchWhatdoesitcost？这值多少钱？Ourholidaylasts10days我们的假期有十天。Thisfoodwilllast(them)(for)3days这食物足够(他们)(吃)三天。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。由于相互代词和反身代词通常不能用作主语，所以当它们用作动词宾
14、语时，句子不能转换成被动语态：Weshouldhelpeachother.我们应该互相帮助。Hecouldseehimselfinthemirror.他在镜子中可以看到自己。(6)宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。die,death,dream,live,lifeShedreamedabaddreamlastnight.她昨晚做了个噩梦。MrSmithenjoyedseeinghisdaughter史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿。(对)Shelikestoswim.她喜爱游泳。(错)Toswimislikedbyher.(7)宾语带有与主语有照应关系的物主代词时，不可用于被动语态
15、。如：Theoldmanbrokehis（theoldmans）legs那老人把自己的腿弄断了。Thegirlshookher（thegirls）head那女孩摇了摇头。(8)有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，1)当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,driveThebooksellswell.这本书销路好。Thisknifecutseasily.这刀子很好用。Katesbookreadslikeaninte
16、restingnovel凯特的这本书读起来像本有趣的小说。2)blame,let(出租),remain,keep,rent,buildIwastoblamefortheaccident.我对这起事故负责。Muchworkremains.还有大量工作要做。3)在need,require,want,worthThedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.门需要修了。Thisroomneedscleaning.这房间应该打扫一下。Thisbookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。4)特殊结构：makesb.heard/understood
17、(使别人能听见/理解自己)，havesth.done(要某人做某事)。5)当breakout、takeplace、shutoff、turnoff、workout等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully.Thelampsonthewallturnoff.二、初中的不及物二、初中的不及物动词有哪些？有哪些？不及物动词指的是后面不能跟宾语的动词。常见的不及物动词有：apologize道歉appear出现arrive到达come来go去run跑walk走die死fall掉落flow流淌happen发生rise升起stay停留sit坐lie躺sta
18、nd站cry哭swim游泳基础练习题基础练习题()1.ThePeoplesRepublicofChina_onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2.English_inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3.ThisEnglishsong_bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4.Thiskindofcar_inJapan.A.makesB.made
19、C.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers_allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6.Ourroommust_clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7.Anewhouse_atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()8.Thekey_onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft(
20、)9.Hisnewbook_nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()10.Theflowers_often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwaterAnswers:1-5BDDDC6-10BBCAB提高练习题提高练习题1.Theoldbridgeinmyhometown_nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoin
21、gtorebuilt2.Theplay_atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown3.Nowthesemagazines_inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept4.-Idliketobuythatcoat.-Imsorry._.A.itsoldB.itssellingC.ItsbeensoldD.ithadbeensold5.Thesepapers_yet.A.havenotwr
22、ittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten6.Thesportsmeet_behelduntilnextweek.A.didntB.wontC.isntD.doesnt7.Thebooksmay_fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow8.Thebrokenbike_herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended9.Tea_inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.we
23、regrownD.willgrow10.Oldpeoplemust_.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell11.Newly-bornbabies_inhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare12.I_fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.amgivenB.wasbeengivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven13.She
24、will_goodcare_.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou14.Theteachermadehim_hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done15.Thesechildren_dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto16.Thebike_500yuan.A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted17.Theimportantmeeting_onacoldmorninglastyear.A.washadB.washeldC.
25、heldD.had18.Greatchanges_inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace19.Youcantusethecomputer,it_.A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown20.Themedicine_inadryandcoolplace.A.keepB.mustkeepC.mustbekeptD.mustbekeepAnwers:1-5AADCB6-10BADBD11-15BDBBA16-20CBD
26、DC三、被三、被动语态与与过去分去分词短短语作作后置定后置定语。1.ThecatiscalledMili.(被动语态)2.Thereisacat(calledMili)inthehouse.(过去分词短语作后置定语)与被动语态相关的一些短语：1.becoveredwith+雪、树林等becoveredby+森林等2.bemadeof由制成（能看出原材料）bemadefrom由制成（不能看出原材料）bemadein+年代、地点3.beusedby+人beusedin+地点、年代beusedas.被用来作为.beusedtodosth.=beusedfor(doing)sth.被用来做某事注意：u
27、sedtodosth.过去曾经做某事beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事4.besurprisedby/at.对.感到惊奇怎样区别被动语态与怎样区别被动语态与“连系动词连系动词 BE+过去分词过去分词”的结构的结构 “be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构。当“be+过去分词”表示动作时为被动语态，be是助动词，be后面的过去分词是主要动词，动作的对象是主语；当“be+过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，be是连系动词。be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例如
28、:Theglassisbroken玻璃杯碎了。（系表结构）Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。（被动语态）2.如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。如：ThemagazineispublishedinShanghai这家杂志出版于上海。（被动语态）Thedoorislocked门锁着。（系表结构）Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked门已经/刚刚被锁上。（被动语态）Theshopisopened这家商店开门了。（系表结构）Theshopisopenedat8a.m.everyday这家商店每天上午八点开门。（被动语态）3
29、.被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。所以下列句子都是被动语态：Themachineisbeingrepaired机器正在修。Anewschoolwillbebuilthere这里将要建一所新学校。系表结构中的过去分词常有固定的介词搭配，被动语态结构中则没有。MissWangissatisfiedwithus.(系表结构，用with来搭配)beusedby+人（被动语态没有固定的介词搭配）beusedin+地点、年代beusedas.被用来作为.beusedtodosth.=beusedfor(doing)sth.被用来做
30、某事系表结构中的过去分词可以被副词修饰：Sheissoworriedaboutherexams.系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态结构则可以用于各种时态当中。练练 习习 题题1.Somebody_Jackphonedwhileyouwereout.A.tocallB.callingC.beingcalledD.called2.Thesewalls_stone.A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto3.Jane_tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.w
31、assaid4.Thecoat_hersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto5.Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone_.A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken6.Theboy_ismyfriend.A.isnamedJohnB.nameJohnC.namedJohnD.arenamedJohn7.Thestorybooks_bythewriterinthe1960s.A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting8.T
32、hefirsttextbook_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havewrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written9.Pricesofdailygoods_throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying10.Therepairscostalot,butitsmoneywell_.A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spendingAnswers:1-5DABCA6-10CBDBB
