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1、HighereducationinBritiHighereducationinBritishsh英国高等教育简介英国高等教育简介Higher Education in the UKDevelopmentFundingStudents&Teachers The Open UniversityOxford UniversityHigher educationBritish higher education has become a mass system, enrolling about a third of the age group. Approximately 1.8million stud
2、ents currently are in the higher education system. There are 114 university institutions (and 60 higher education colleges) in the UK, counting separately the constituent colleges of the federal universities of Wales and London. In addition, higher education programs are offered in many further educ
3、ation colleges. 1. DevelopmentHigher education has a long history in the UK, e.g. Oxford and Cambridge date from the 12th and 13th centuries, while the Scottish universities of St Andrews, Glasgow, Edinburgh date from 14th and 15th centuries.At the turn of the 20th century before World War I, “Red B
4、rick universities” - the six large civic universities were founded.In 1960s, there was a large expansion in the numbers of universities and many new universities were built. These newly built universities are called as “Plate glass universities” for their modern architectural design which often cont
5、ains wide expanses of plate glass in steel or concrete frames.2. FundingThe vast majority of United Kingdom universities are government financed, with only one private university-the University of Buckingham, where the government does not subsidize the tuition fees.Students & TeachersApproximately 1
6、.8 million students are currently enrolled in the UK higher education system; about one third of young people go on to higher education at age 18 and an increasing number of mature students are studying either full-time or part-time for university degrees.There are about 40,000 full time university
7、teachers paid wholly from university funds. About 1 in 6 of all university teachers are professors.Degree Titles In Britain degree titles are based on courses and credits. The most common titles for a first degree are Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Bachelor of Science (BSC), granted to students who have
8、passed examinations at the end of three or four years study. The second degree is that of Master, including Master of Arts (MA) and Master of Science (MSC). The highest degree title is Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Higher education undergraduate studyA bachelor degree (BA, BSc, etc) can be obtained by a
9、 minimum of three years study at one of the more than 200 universities or institutions of higher education in the UK offering degree courses. Some degree courses last four years, the extra year being spent in practical training, as in many sandwich degrees such as engineering, or as a year abroad if
10、 studying a modern language. Only about the top 7% of the age cohort in the UK studies for a degree; consequently entry to universities or similar institutions is highly competitive. Typical entry requirements would be at least 3 C grades at A Level for university courses and perhaps 3 grade Ds for
11、entry to other institutions of higher education.Higher Education -post-graduate degreeStudents who have completed a first degree are eligible to undertake a postgraduate degree, which includes:Masters degree(one year)Doctorate degree(three years)British colleges and universitiesmore than 40 universi
12、ties1) Oxford: about 30 separate colleges, dating from the 12th centuryCambridge: about 20 separate colleges, dating from the 13th centuryOxbridgeOxbridge Boat Race2) 4 Scottish universities : dating from the 15th and 16th centuriesSt. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Edinburgh3) post-war universities: K
13、eele, Lancaster, York, NewcastleThe universities of the 19th and 20th centuries are called “red brick”, used to contrast with the more dignified and solid-looking ancient stone architecture of “Oxbridge”.4) Open Universitiesthe freedom of universities: reflected in the different courses and degrees
14、awarded by different universitiesB.A. (Bachelor of Arts)M.A. (Master of Arts)Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy)College grades run A, B, C, D, E, F.A masters degree can be earned by one or two academic years of study beyond the bachelors degree.To earn Ph.D. takes at least three years beyond the masters.Th
15、e Open UniversityThe Open University or OU, is a distance learning and research university founded in 1969.It is notable for having an open entry policy, i.e. students previous academic achievements are not taken into account for entry to most undergraduate courses. With more than 180,000 students e
16、nrolled, including more than 25,000 students studying overseas, the Open University is the largest academic institution in the United Kingdom and Europe by student number, and qualifies as one of the worlds largest universities. Advantages A. Study in the Open University is much cheaper. B. Students
17、 can work at the same time as getting the degree. C. For most courses there are no entry requirements. This fundamental open admissions policy makes undergraduate university study accessible to all.World University Rankings 2008 - Top 16 (from google)1. HARVARD University United States2. YALE Univer
18、sity United States3. University of CAMBRIDGE United Kingdom4. University of OXFORD United Kingdom5. CALIFORNIA Institute of Technology United States6. IMPERIAL College London United Kingdom7.UCL (University College London) United Kingdom8. University of CHICAGO United States2010年泰晤士报年泰晤士报(TIMES)英国大学
19、综合排名英国大学综合排名 1 牛津大学牛津大学Oxford University 2 剑桥大学剑桥大学Cambridge University 3 伦敦大学帝国理工学院伦敦大学帝国理工学院Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine 4 圣安德鲁斯大学圣安德鲁斯大学University of St Andrews 5 伦敦大学学院伦敦大学学院University College London 6 华威大学华威大学University of Warwick 7 伦敦政治经济学院伦敦政治经济学院London School of Economi
20、cs and Political Science 8 杜伦大学杜伦大学The University of Durham 9 艾克斯特大学艾克斯特大学Exeter University 10 布里斯托大学布里斯托大学University of Bristol 11 约克大学约克大学University of York 12 伦敦大学国王学院伦敦大学国王学院Kings College London, University of London 13 巴斯大学巴斯大学The University of Bath 14 爱丁堡大学爱丁堡大学Edinburgh University 15 莱斯特大学莱斯特
21、大学Leicester University 16 南安普敦大学南安普敦大学Southampton University 17 拉夫堡大学拉夫堡大学Loughborough University 18 谢菲尔德大学谢菲尔德大学The University of Sheffield 19 格拉斯哥大学格拉斯哥大学Glasgow University 20 诺丁汉大学诺丁汉大学The University of Nottingham Further educationlknown as tertiary education, It could be separated into two ways:further educationAcademic RouteVocational RouteAcademic RouteA-levelPrepared for academic researchVocational RouteGNVQspecialized skills and knowledge /GNVQ (General National Vocational Qualification)
