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1、中药与方剂翻译Stillwatersrundeep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深Wherethereislife,thereishope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望1 方方药药常用术语常用术语l l方剂方剂l lprescription, recipe, formulaprescription, recipe, formulal l方剂学方剂学l lprescriptionology*prescriptionology*1 方药常用术语方药常用术语l l与方剂有关的术语与方剂有关的术语与方剂有关的术语与方剂有关的术语大方大方grandiose prescriptionsgrandio
2、se prescriptionsheavy prescription /heavy prescription /patent prescriptionpatent prescription (L)(L)major formula major formula ( (WW) )小方小方minor prescriptionsminor prescriptionssmall prescription /small prescription /light prescriptionlight prescriptionminor formulaminor formula緩方緩方mild prescripti
3、onmild prescriptiongentle formulagentle formula急方急方prescription for emergency /prescription for emergency /urgent prescriptionurgent prescriptionurgent formulaurgent formula單方單方single-drug prescriptions /single-drug prescriptions /simple prescriptionssimple prescriptionssimple formulasimple formula複
4、方複方complex prescription /complex prescription /composite prescriptioncomposite prescriptioncompound formulacompound formula1 方药常用术语方药常用术语l l与方剂有关的术语与方剂有关的术语与方剂有关的术语与方剂有关的术语 ( (续续续续) )奇方奇方odd-numbered prescription*odd-numbered prescription*odd-number formulaodd-number formula偶方偶方even prescription*eve
5、n prescription*even-number formulaeven-number formula經方經方classical prescriptionclassical prescriptionclassical remedyclassical remedy時方時方nonclassical prescriptionnonclassical prescription post-post-antique formulaantique formula輕方輕方light prescriptionlight prescriptionlight formulalight formula1 方药常用
6、术语方药常用术语l l与方剂有关的术语与方剂有关的术语与方剂有关的术语与方剂有关的术语 ( (续续续续) )宣剂宣剂dispersing prescriptionsdispersing prescriptions燥剂燥剂dry prescriptionsdry prescriptions洩剂洩剂purgative prescriptionspurgative prescriptions湿剂湿剂moistening prescriptionsmoistening prescriptions重剂重剂heavy prescriptionsheavy prescriptions寒剂寒剂cold pre
7、scriptionscold prescriptions滑剂滑剂lubricating prescriptionslubricating prescriptions热剂热剂heat prescriptionsheat prescriptions补剂补剂tonic prescriptionstonic prescriptions升剂升剂ascending prescriptionsascending prescriptions涩涩剂剂astringent prescriptionsastringent prescriptions降剂降剂descending prescriptionsdescen
8、ding prescriptions1 方药常用术语方药常用术语l l剂型剂型 prescription typesl l1. 1. 汤剂汤剂汤剂汤剂 (decoction) (decoction)l l2. 2. 散剂散剂散剂散剂 (powder) (powder)l l3. 3. 丸剂丸剂丸剂丸剂 (bolus, pellet, pill) (bolus, pellet, pill)l l蜜丸蜜丸蜜丸蜜丸honeyed bolushoneyed bolusl l水丸水丸水丸水丸water pellet / water-paste pillwater pellet / water-paste
9、 pilll l糊丸糊丸糊丸糊丸paste pillpaste pilll l濃縮丸濃縮丸濃縮丸濃縮丸condensed pelletcondensed pellet1 方药常用术语方药常用术语l l剂型剂型剂型剂型 prescription types ( prescription types (续续续续) )l l4. 4. 膏剂膏剂膏剂膏剂 (extract, ointment and plaster) (extract, ointment and plaster)l l浸膏浸膏浸膏浸膏extractextractl l流浸膏流浸膏流浸膏流浸膏liquid extractliquid e
10、xtractl l煎膏煎膏煎膏煎膏decocted pastedecocted pastel l软膏软膏软膏软膏ointment, pasteointment, pastel l硬膏硬膏硬膏硬膏plasterplasterl l5. 5. 丹剂丹剂丹剂丹剂 ( (elixirelixir, dan), dan)l l6. 6. 酒剂酒剂酒剂酒剂 (medicated wine, vinum) (medicated wine, vinum)l l7. 7. 茶剂茶剂茶剂茶剂 (medicated tea) (medicated tea)l l8. 8. 药露药露药露药露 (distilled m
11、edicinal water / medicinal (distilled medicinal water / medicinal dew)dew)1 方药常用术语方药常用术语l l剂型剂型剂型剂型 prescription types ( prescription types (续续续续) )l l9. 9. 錠剂、餅剂錠剂、餅剂錠剂、餅剂錠剂、餅剂 (lozenge, pastille, troche and (lozenge, pastille, troche and medicated cake)medicated cake)l l10. 10. 片剂片剂片剂片剂 (tablet) (
12、tablet)l l11. 11. 糖漿剂糖漿剂糖漿剂糖漿剂 (syrup) (syrup)l l12. 12. 沖剂沖剂沖剂沖剂 (granule, infusion*) (granule, infusion*)l l13. 13. 灸剂灸剂灸剂灸剂 (moxa-preparation) (moxa-preparation)l l14. 14. 針剂針剂針剂針剂 (injection) (injection)l l15. 15. 栓剂栓剂栓剂栓剂 (suppository) (suppository)l l16. 16. 胶囊剂胶囊剂胶囊剂胶囊剂 (capsule) (capsule)1 方
13、药常用术语方药常用术语l l配伍配伍配伍配伍 compositioncomposition / combine / combinel l配伍禁忌配伍禁忌配伍禁忌配伍禁忌contradiction of compatibilitycontradiction of compatibilityl l七情七情七情七情 seven featuresseven features / relations / relations affections*affections*l l單行單行單行單行single applicationsingle application / going alone / going
14、 alonel l相須相須相須相須mutual promotionmutual promotion / mutual need / mutual needl l相使相使相使相使mutual enhancementmutual enhancement / empowering / empoweringl l相畏相畏相畏相畏mutual antagonismmutual antagonism / fearing / fearing l l相恶相恶相恶相恶inhibitioninhibition / aversion / aversionl l相杀相杀相杀相杀detoxificationdetoxi
15、fication / killing / killingl l相反相反相反相反incompatibilityincompatibility / clashing / clashing1 方药常用术语方药常用术语l l炮制炮制炮制炮制 processingprocessing漂漂bleachingbleaching煨煨toastingtoasting蒸蒸steamingsteaming泡泡soakingsoaking炒炒fryingfrying蒸露蒸露distillationdistillation水飛水飛refining with refining with waterwater烘烘bakin
16、gbaking煮煮boilingboiling煅煅charring, charring, calciningcalcining焙焙mild heatingmild heating淬淬quenchingquenching炮炮roastingroasting炙炙frying with frying with liquids* / mix-fryliquids* / mix-fry熬熬simmeringsimmering2 中药译名中药译名l l2.1 2.1 拉丁药名拉丁药名拉丁药名拉丁药名l l植物中药植物中药植物中药植物中药l l甘草甘草甘草甘草Radix GlycyrrhizaeRadix
17、Glycyrrhizael l动物中药动物中药动物中药动物中药l l蛇胆蛇胆蛇胆蛇胆Fel SerpentisFel Serpentisl l矿物中药矿物中药矿物中药矿物中药l l硫磺硫磺硫磺硫磺Natrii SulfasNatrii Sulfas2 中药译名中药译名l l葯用植物拉丁名称源於植物学名葯用植物拉丁名称源於植物学名葯用植物拉丁名称源於植物学名葯用植物拉丁名称源於植物学名l l学名学名学名学名 ( (属名属名属名属名 / / 种名种名种名种名) +) +入药部分入药部分入药部分入药部分 ( (根、花、果、叶根、花、果、叶根、花、果、叶根、花、果、叶)l l天麻天麻天麻天麻l lRh
18、izoma Gastrodiae (Rhizoma Gastrodiae (属名属名属名属名) )l l枳殼枳殼枳殼枳殼l lFructus Aurantii (Fructus Aurantii (种名种名种名种名) )l l秦秦秦秦艽艽艽艽 l lRadix Gentiannae Macrophyllae (Radix Gentiannae Macrophyllae (全称全称全称全称) )2 中药译名中药译名l l泽泻泽泻泽泻泽泻l lRhizoma AlismatisRhizoma Alismatisl lAlisma plantagoAlisma plantago rhizome rh
19、izomel l车前子车前子车前子车前子l lSemen PlantaginisSemen Plantaginisl lPlantago asiatica Plantago asiatica SeedSeedl lPlantago depressaPlantago depressa Seed Seed2 中药译名中药译名l l通草通草通草通草l lMedulla TetrapanacisMedulla Tetrapanacisl lTetrapanax papyriferusTetrapanax papyriferus Medulla Medullal l薏苡仁薏苡仁薏苡仁薏苡仁l lSeme
20、n CoicisSemen Coicisl lCoix lachrymaCoix lachryma Seed Seedl l伏苓伏苓伏苓伏苓l lPoria CocosPoria Cocos2 中药译名中药译名l l須注意同物異名須注意同物異名須注意同物異名須注意同物異名l l板蓝根板蓝根板蓝根板蓝根l lRadix IsatidisRadix Isatidisl l大青叶大青叶大青叶大青叶l lFolium IsatidisFolium Isatidis3 方剂命名与翻译方剂命名与翻译l l3.1 3.1 以方中主要药物命名以方中主要药物命名l la) a) 以主药一味命名以主药一味命名l
21、l麻黃汤麻黃汤麻黃汤麻黃汤 (Ephedra Decoction) (Ephedra Decoction)l l桂枝汤桂枝汤桂枝汤桂枝汤 (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) (Cinnamon Twig Decoction)l lb) b) 以主药二味命名以主药二味命名l l桑菊饮桑菊饮桑菊饮桑菊饮 (Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum (Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum Beverage)Beverage)l l银翘散银翘散银翘散银翘散 (Lonicera and Forsythia Powder) (Lonicera
22、 and Forsythia Powder)l lc) c) 以三味主药命名以三味主药命名l l麻黄连翹赤小豆汤麻黄连翹赤小豆汤麻黄连翹赤小豆汤麻黄连翹赤小豆汤 (Ephedra, Forsythia and Rice (Ephedra, Forsythia and Rice Bean Decoction)Bean Decoction)3 方剂命名与翻译方剂命名与翻译l l3.2 3.2 以方中全部組成药物命名以方中全部組成药物命名l la) a) 按組成各味药物全名命名按組成各味药物全名命名按組成各味药物全名命名按組成各味药物全名命名l l麻黃杏仁石膏甘草汤麻黃杏仁石膏甘草汤麻黃杏仁石膏甘草
23、汤麻黃杏仁石膏甘草汤 ( (麻杏石甘汤麻杏石甘汤麻杏石甘汤麻杏石甘汤) )l lEphedra, Apricot Kernel, Gypsum and Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Gypsum and Licorice DecoctionLicorice Decoctionl lMaxing Shigan DecoctionMaxing Shigan Decoction3 方剂命名与翻译方剂命名与翻译l l3.2 3.2 以方中全部組成药物命名以方中全部組成药物命名l lb) b) 取組成药品中各一個字命名取組成药品中各一個字命名取組成药品中各一個字命名取組成药品中各一個
24、字命名l l参桂朮甘汤参桂朮甘汤参桂朮甘汤参桂朮甘汤l lGinseng, Cinnamon Twig, Bighead Ginseng, Cinnamon Twig, Bighead Atractylodes and Licorice DecoctionAtractylodes and Licorice Decoctionl lShengui Zhugan Decoction*Shengui Zhugan Decoction*l l参苓白朮散参苓白朮散参苓白朮散参苓白朮散l lGinseng, Poria and Bighead Atractylodes Ginseng, Poria and
25、 Bighead Atractylodes PowderPowderl lShenling Baizhu Powder*Shenling Baizhu Powder*3 方剂命名与翻译方剂命名与翻译l l3.2 3.2 以方中全部組成药物命名以方中全部組成药物命名 ( (续续) )l lc) c) 按組成药物味數命名按組成药物味數命名按組成药物味數命名按組成药物味數命名l l四物汤四物汤四物汤四物汤l lFour Agents DecoctionFour Agents Decoctionl l六味汤六味汤六味汤六味汤l lSix-Ingredient DecoctionSix-Ingredie
26、nt Decoctionl ld) d) 按組成药物味數与功效、作用結合命名按組成药物味數与功效、作用結合命名按組成药物味數与功效、作用結合命名按組成药物味數与功效、作用結合命名l l四君子汤四君子汤四君子汤四君子汤l lFour Gentlemen DecoctionFour Gentlemen Decoctionl l四神丸四神丸四神丸四神丸l lFour Spirits PillFour Spirits Pill3 方剂命名与翻译方剂命名与翻译l l3.3 3.3 以功效命名以功效命名l l温脾汤温脾汤温脾汤温脾汤l lSpleen Warming DecoctionSpleen War
27、ming Decoctionl l3.4 3.4 以方中有特殊作用的药物命名以方中有特殊作用的药物命名l l十枣汤十枣汤十枣汤十枣汤l lTen Jujubes DecoctionTen Jujubes Decoctionl l3.5 3.5 以方中主药的別名命名以方中主药的別名命名l l鸡苏散鸡苏散鸡苏散鸡苏散l lMint PowderMint Powder3 方剂命名与翻译方剂命名与翻译l l3.6 3.6 以方中主药物与功效或主治結合命名以方中主药物与功效或主治結合命名l l人參养荣丸人參养荣丸人參养荣丸人參养荣丸l lGinseng Construction-Nourishing P
28、illGinseng Construction-Nourishing Pilll l疏风清热汤疏风清热汤疏风清热汤疏风清热汤l lWind-Coursing Heat-Clearing DecoctionWind-Coursing Heat-Clearing Decoctionl l荊防败毒散荊防败毒散荊防败毒散荊防败毒散l lSchizonepeta and Ledebouriella Toxin-Vanquishing Schizonepeta and Ledebouriella Toxin-Vanquishing PowderPowderl l龙胆泻肝汤龙胆泻肝汤龙胆泻肝汤龙胆泻肝汤l
29、lGentian Liver-Draining DecoctionGentian Liver-Draining Decoctionl l黃連解毒汤黃連解毒汤黃連解毒汤黃連解毒汤l lCoptis Toxin-Resolving DecoctionCoptis Toxin-Resolving Decoctionl lAntidotal Decoction of CoptisAntidotal Decoction of Coptis3 方剂命名与翻译方剂命名与翻译l l3.7 3.7 特殊命名特殊命名l l以服药時間命名以服药時間命名以服药時間命名以服药時間命名l l鸡鸣散鸡鸣散鸡鸣散鸡鸣散l l
30、Rooster Crowing PowderRooster Crowing Powderl lCockcrow Powder*Cockcrow Powder*l l以比喻命名以比喻命名以比喻命名以比喻命名l l舟車丸舟車丸舟車丸舟車丸l l喻行气逐水之效喻行气逐水之效喻行气逐水之效喻行气逐水之效l lBoats and Carts PillBoats and Carts Pilll l以典故命名以典故命名以典故命名以典故命名l l吳婆散吳婆散吳婆散吳婆散l l吳市吹簫寄食漂母吳市吹簫寄食漂母吳市吹簫寄食漂母吳市吹簫寄食漂母l lWupo Powder*Wupo Powder*3 方剂命名与翻译
31、方剂命名与翻译l l3.7 3.7 特殊命名特殊命名 ( (续续续续) )l l以方中药物采集特點命名以方中药物采集特點命名以方中药物采集特點命名以方中药物采集特點命名l l二至丸二至丸二至丸二至丸l lDouble Supreme PillDouble Supreme Pilll l以方中药物入药部分命名以方中药物入药部分命名以方中药物入药部分命名以方中药物入药部分命名l l三子养親汤三子养親汤三子养親汤三子养親汤l lThree Seeds Filial Devotion DecoctionThree Seeds Filial Devotion Decoctionl l以炮制法命名以炮制法
32、命名以炮制法命名以炮制法命名l l十灰散十灰散十灰散十灰散l lTen Cinders PowderTen Cinders Powder3 方剂命名与翻译方剂命名与翻译l l方剂翻译原则方剂翻译原则l l简洁原则简洁原则简洁原则简洁原则l l信息原则信息原则信息原则信息原则l l回译原则回译原则回译原则回译原则4 方剂示例方剂示例l l清咽利膈汤清咽利膈汤清咽利膈汤清咽利膈汤l lThroat-Clearing Diaphragm-Disinhibiting DecoctionThroat-Clearing Diaphragm-Disinhibiting Decoctionl l清瘟败毒饮清瘟
33、败毒饮清瘟败毒饮清瘟败毒饮l lScourge-Clearing Toxin-Vanquishing BeverageScourge-Clearing Toxin-Vanquishing Beveragel lAntipyretic and Antitoxic DecoctionAntipyretic and Antitoxic Decoctionl l犀角地黃汤犀角地黃汤犀角地黃汤犀角地黃汤l lRhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia DecoctionRhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoctionl lFairy Decoction fo
34、r Treating Cutaneous InfectionsFairy Decoction for Treating Cutaneous Infectionsl l銀花解毒汤銀花解毒汤銀花解毒汤銀花解毒汤l lHoneysuckle Decoction for Relieving ToxinHoneysuckle Decoction for Relieving Toxin4 方剂示例方剂示例l l清宮汤清宮汤清宮汤清宮汤l lPalace-Clearing DecoctionPalace-Clearing Decoctionl l仙方活命饮仙方活命饮仙方活命饮仙方活命饮l lImmortal
35、 Formula Life-Giving BeverageImmortal Formula Life-Giving Beveragel l蒼耳子散蒼耳子散蒼耳子散蒼耳子散l lXanthium PowderXanthium Powderl l通窍活血汤通窍活血汤通窍活血汤通窍活血汤l lOrifice-Freeing Blood-Quickening DecoctionOrifice-Freeing Blood-Quickening Decoctionl l桃红四物汤桃红四物汤桃红四物汤桃红四物汤l lPeach Kernel and Carthamus Four Agents Peach K
36、ernel and Carthamus Four Agents DecoctionDecoction4 方剂示例方剂示例l l溫肺止流丹溫肺止流丹溫肺止流丹溫肺止流丹l lLung-Warming Nose-Drying ElixirLung-Warming Nose-Drying Elixirl l补中益气汤补中益气汤补中益气汤补中益气汤l lCenter-Supplementing Qi-Boosting Center-Supplementing Qi-Boosting DecoctionDecoctionl lDecoction for Reinforcing Middle-Warmer
37、 Decoction for Reinforcing Middle-Warmer and Replenishing Qiand Replenishing Qil l六味地黃汤六味地黃汤六味地黃汤六味地黃汤l lSix-Ingredient Rehmannia DecoctionSix-Ingredient Rehmannia Decoctionl l金匱肾气丸金匱肾气丸金匱肾气丸金匱肾气丸l lGolden Coffer Kidney Qi PillGolden Coffer Kidney Qi PillAssignment 1l l把下列药方翻译成英語，把下列药方翻译成英語，把下列药方翻译成英語，把下列药方翻译成英語，並简述你的翻译原则：並简述你的翻译原则：並简述你的翻译原则：並简述你的翻译原则：l l半夏瀉心汤半夏瀉心汤半夏瀉心汤半夏瀉心汤l l杞菊地黃丸杞菊地黃丸杞菊地黃丸杞菊地黃丸l l七厘散七厘散七厘散七厘散l l三才汤三才汤三才汤三才汤l l大承气汤大承气汤大承气汤大承气汤l l白虎汤白虎汤白虎汤白虎汤l l烏雞白鳳丸烏雞白鳳丸烏雞白鳳丸烏雞白鳳丸l l水陸二仙丹水陸二仙丹水陸二仙丹水陸二仙丹l l導赤散導赤散導赤散導赤散l l生化汤生化汤生化汤生化汤
