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1、u主题(zht)l习惯性认知误区：l找不准(bzhn)主题or主题不停重复l写作特点：l结构主体-支撑l细节主体-填充l嵌套三层次-论文结构lIntroductionTopiclSubtopiclBodyAnalysislEvidencelConclusionTopic第1页/共79页第一页，共80页。u主题(zht)句每段都要有主题句，通常(tngchng)位于段首或段末第2页/共79页第二页，共80页。u主题句写作(xizu)练习BaseballisapopularsportintheUnitedStates.Therearetwoteamsofnineplayerseach.Player
2、sononeteamtaketurnsbatting,andtheotherteamtriestoputthebattersout.Thebatterhitstheballandthentriestorunaroundthebasesandget“home”safely.Theotherteamtriestoputthebatteroutbycatchingtheballbeforeithitstheground,throwingtheballtothebasebeforethebattergetsthereorbytaggingthebatterwiththeball.Thebatterca
3、nstopatanyoneofthethreebasesifitisimpossibletomakeit“home.”第3页/共79页第三页，共80页。Baseball,apopulargameintheUnitedStates,isplayedinthefollowingway.第4页/共79页第四页，共80页。Manystudentscannotaffordacar.Thecitybusserviceusuallypassestheuniversity,sothosestudentscangettoclassonthebus.Manyuniversitieshaveaspecialshut
4、tlebusthatisprovidedforstudenttransportation.Somestudentsliketoridetoclassonbicycles.Thisisgoodexercise.Also,itiseasiertofindaspacetoleaveabicyclethantofindaparkingspaceforacaronacrowdeduniversitycampus.Thosestudentswholiveclosetocampusoroncampuscanenjoyaleisurelywalktotheirclasses.第5页/共79页第五页，共80页。
5、Forthemanystudentswhocannotaffordacar,thereareseveralalternativewaysofgettingtoclass.第6页/共79页第六页，共80页。u加主题(zht)句uFirst,thefast-foodrestaurantisgoodforpeoplewhomusthaveaquickbitebecauseofabusyschedule.Second,thefoodisinexpensiveyettasty.Apersoncaneatanenjoyablemealoutandstaywithinalimitedbudget.Final
6、ly,thefoodisusuallyconsistent.Forexample,acheeseburgerfromawell-knownfast-foodrestaurantlooksandtastesaboutthesamenomatterwhereintheworlditispurchased.Consequently,buyersknowexactlywhattheyaregetting.第7页/共79页第七页，共80页。Fastfoodhasalotofadvantages.lAnumberoflAvarietyoflAseriesoflAwiderangeoflAmultitude
7、of第8页/共79页第八页，共80页。u重要信息(xnx)细节l习惯性认知错误：l没有细节or零散无关l细节作为重要(zhngyo)信息所包含的内容l我们的口号：l每一个论点都要有理由l每一个理由都要有例子l每一个例子都要有细节第11页/共79页第十一页，共80页。u细节性问题(wnt)l理由不能太具体，否则不容易展开(zhnki)l例：建餐馆不好l1、导致水污染l2、导致空气污染l3、导致交通堵塞l解决方案：往上升一个层次l1、导致水污染环境l2、导致空气污染环境l3、导致交通堵塞便利第12页/共79页第十二页，共80页。u过渡词汇、段落(dunlu)衔接l表示(biosh)次序：lfirs
8、tofalllinthefirstplacelforonethinglontheonehandlfirstandforemostltobeginwith第13页/共79页第十三页，共80页。inthesecondplacemoreover，whatsmore，furthermoreforanother,besides,plusontheotherhandinadditionadditionally第14页/共79页第十四页，共80页。finallylastbutnotleast第15页/共79页第十五页，共80页。inconclusion/summarytoconclude/sumupinsh
9、ortinbriefonthewhole第16页/共79页第十六页，共80页。uSentenceStructurel习惯性认知误区:l语法不好英语同样能学好(xuho)l语法的重要性：l语法之于语言等于法律之于社会l写作如何进行语法考察：l输入能力（阅读、听力）中的语法考察l设置障碍能否绕过l输出能力（口语、写作）中的语法考察l是否主动犯错第17页/共79页第十七页，共80页。u语法(yf)缺陷解决方案l语法书的选择(xunz)l剑桥中级语法l语法书的使用方法：l看中文l是手册而不是教材第18页/共79页第十八页，共80页。uLexicalResourcesl习惯性认知的误区：l提高词汇(ch
10、u)量就等于提高了写作能力l写作词汇(chu)考查方式：l1、词汇(chu)变化l2、连词成句第19页/共79页第十九页，共80页。u写作(xizu)如何背单词l音phenomenonvocabularyl形词性：economysuccessl名词：复数形式informationlU-uncountableC-countablel-or,-erl-es如字母x;-s;-ch;-thl动词:过去(guq)式、过去(guq)分词、现在分词l形容词：副词、比较级、最高级l义observe遵守、庆祝lsuggest建议、暗示l用providel比offer/provide第20页/共79页第二十页，共
11、80页。单词记忆的方法原则：高频率重复1、重复周期15天2、不要狂抄单词3、使用零散时间背单词4、阅读和背单词相结合5、视觉(shju)刺激和听觉刺激相结合第21页/共79页第二十一页，共80页。uBestWordsl写作五大恶心(xn)词汇：l1、Thinklassumelbelievelclaimlconsiderlmaintainlsupposelrecognizelrealizelregard第22页/共79页第二十二页，共80页。inmypointofview/viewpoint/standpointIholdtheopinionthatasfarasIamconcernedfrom
12、myperspectiveofviewtomywayofthinkingonmypersonallevel第23页/共79页第二十三页，共80页。2、Thingissueeventphenomenonproblemquestiondebateargumentcontroversy第24页/共79页第二十四页，共80页。3、butyethoweverneverthelessnonethelesswhilewhilstwhereas第25页/共79页第二十五页，共80页。4、becauseforsinceowetoduetocontributetoaccountforresponsiblefor第
13、26页/共79页第二十六页，共80页。5、importantvitalcrucialcriticalessentialsignificantnecessaryindispensablemattercount第27页/共79页第二十七页，共80页。u感性认知写作(xizu)的各种特征l从理论到实践l1106MyViewonOnlineShoppingl1.现在网购已经成为一种时尚(shshng)l2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题l3.我的建议第28页/共79页第二十八页，共80页。u我们(wmen)的状态和写作的本质l我们的状态：l写作速度l打字速度l写作耐力l思维同步l构思选材l过渡词汇
14、(chu)、段落衔接l重要信息：主题信息、细节信息l单词、语法第29页/共79页第二十九页，共80页。u写作(xizu)本质：VaryInputPractice公共(gnggng)邮箱：Key：writingvip第30页/共79页第三十页，共80页。u高分策略(cl)：字迹清楚、段落明朗内容(nirng)完整、紧扣提纲首保完整、再求闪光先总后分、连词用上第33页/共79页第三十三页，共80页。uBestStructure开头(kitu)主体结尾第35页/共79页第三十五页，共80页。u文章(wnzhng)开头l开头1l背景论题Whichl写背景的好处：l第一印象(dyynxin)l增加字数第
15、36页/共79页第三十六页，共80页。l提出一种普遍的或值得关注的现象（紧扣论题）作为背景l注：最多两句话必须(bx)进入论题l例：大学生住在校内还是校外好l现在经济迅速发展，家长有更多的钱想让孩子住在校外使其生活更舒适，这种现象引起了教育界和社会的广泛讨论。第37页/共79页第三十七页，共80页。ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?Recently,theuniversitycampusisbecominganewscenicspotforpeople,onecanalwaysfindvisitorstakingpicturesandenjoy
16、ingthesceneryinuniversitycampus,whicharises/givesrisetowideattentiononthisphenomenon.(Peopleholddifferentideastowardsthisissue.)第38页/共79页第三十八页，共80页。u现象解释(jish)型开头句式：u1、Noonecouldhavefailedtonoticethefactthat_isenjoyingincreasingpopularityamongChinesecitizens.u2、Thepastseveralyearshavewitnessedagrowi
17、ng/increasingnumberof_emergingfromoursociety.u3、Theearlyyearsofthe21stcenturyhaveexperiencedanincreasinglyprevalentphenomenonarisingfromoursociety,namely,_.第39页/共79页第三十九页，共80页。l官方、权威数据、调查研究结果作为(zuwi)背景l例：大学生住在校内还是校外好l现在中国最权威最受大学生欢迎的网站调查显示，如果条件允许的话有70%的大学生喜欢在校外居住，这种现象引起了社会界和教育界广泛的讨论。(有人认为还有人认为我认为)第40
18、页/共79页第四十页，共80页。0912CreatingaGreenCampusArecentsurveyconductedbyChinaDaily,whichenjoysthemostpopularityamongChinesepeopleindicatesthat80%oftheschoolsandcollegesarewillingtorebuildtheircampustomakeitmoreenvironmentalifpossible,which第41页/共79页第四十一页，共80页。u调查报告型开头(kitu)句式Onenewsurveyconductedbyexpertsdem
19、onstratesthatAccordingtothefiguresreleasedbyarecentstudy,itcanbelearnedthat第42页/共79页第四十二页，共80页。l开头2l论题+事例l注意(zhy)：l简洁l时态语态l做合适的推论第45页/共79页第四十五页，共80页。9201IsFailureaBadThing?1.失败是常有的事?2.人们对失败有各种(zhn)不同的态度3.我对失败的态度第46页/共79页第四十六页，共80页。Failureisacommonthinginourdailylife.Asstudents,wesometimesfailtogethi
20、ghscoresinourexaminations.Whenweplaygames,wemightbebeatenbyothers.AsAdults,thereareevenmorefrequenttimeswhenwefailtodosatisfactoryworkandbecriticizedbyourboss.(Allthesefailureshappennaturallyandalmosteveryoneofushassuchexperiences.)第47页/共79页第四十七页，共80页。0301ItPaystoBeHonest1.当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象(xinxing)2.
21、诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实第48页/共79页第四十八页，共80页。Althoughhonestyisbelievedtobeavirtue,therearestilldishonestpeopleinoursociety.Forexample,somestudentscheatintheexams;somebusinessmensellfakeproductstotheirconsumers;someirresponsibledoctorsprescribeexpensivemedicinesjustforhighprofits.第49页/共79页第四十九页，共80页。CET6TheDigit
22、alAge1.如今，数字化产品越来越多，如2.使用数字化产品对于人们学习工作(gngzu)和生活的影响第50页/共79页第五十页，共80页。Livinginthedigitalage,weareunavoidablyexposedtoallkindsofdigitalproducts.Peopleusedigitalcamerastotakepicturestokeeptheunforgettableexperienceandmomentwhentheygotravelling;officeworkersusedigitalcomputerstodealwithdailystuffandmak
23、etheirtimemoreefficient;studentsusedigitaldictionariestohelpthemunderstanddifficultEnglishwordsandimprovetheirEnglishstudy.第51页/共79页第五十一页，共80页。u文章(wnzhng)结尾l总结全文l(重述论点和理由(lyu)l(提出建议/深化意义)l深化意义l展望未来对国家社会的好处第52页/共79页第五十二页，共80页。0812LimitingtheUseofDisposableBagsTosumup,forthefactorsmentionedbefore,weca
24、nsafelyreachtheconclusionthattheprevalenceofdisposableproductsisboundtocauseachainofundesirableeffects.Inviewofthepresentsituation,itishightimethatthegovernmenttriedeverymeanstoprotecttheenvironment.Onlyinthisway,canwehaveabrightfuture.第53页/共79页第五十三页，共80页。u结尾(jiwi)句型Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wem
25、aysafelydrawtheconclusionthatUndoubtedly,alltheevidencesstatedabovesupportaremarkableconclusionthat第54页/共79页第五十四页，共80页。u结尾(jiwi)句型第55页/共79页第五十五页，共80页。第56页/共79页第五十六页，共80页。满分结尾(jiwi)例子Inaword,Ibelievethatuniversitiesshouldrequirestudentstotakeclassesinmanysubjectsratherthanrequirestudentstospecializei
26、nonesubject.Onlybydevelopingthecomprehensiveknowledgeandskillscanastudentusewhathehaslearnedinamoreeffectivewayandreallyenjoythefruitsoftheirhardwork.Whatsmore,thegreatercomprehensiveexpertisethestudentshave,thestrongeranationwillbe,themorefulfilledlifeourfuturewillachieve.第57页/共79页第五十七页，共80页。u文章主体(
27、zht)框架四种模式l1+1方案问题解决型l文章四段l写两个(lin)论点分别具体阐述l第一段：描述问题l第二段：揭示危害Al第三段：揭示危害Bl第四段：评价措施第58页/共79页第五十八页，共80页。0906FreeAdmissionToMuseums1、现在越来越多的博物馆向公众开放2、有人认为会带来很多问题(wnt)3、我认为开头略Somepeopleholdtheopinionthatfreeadmissiontomuseumswillcontributetonumerousproblemsrangingfromthedamagetothefacilitiesofthemuseumst
28、otheharmofthesurroundingenvironment.第59页/共79页第五十九页，共80页。Tobeginwith,anincreasingnumberofchildrenvisitmuseumswithoutaccompanyoftheirparents,theymaytouchthetreasuresastheypleaseanddestroythefacilities,whichisboundtoexertafar-reachinginfluenceontheinnerequipmentsofmuseums.Whatsworse,itisknownthatsomevi
29、sitorswillthrowawaythegarbagehereandthereatlibertyoreventrampleonthegrass,whichwillsurelybreedaprofoundimpactonthesurroundingsofmuseums.结尾(jiwi)略第60页/共79页第六十页，共80页。0812LimitingtheUseofDisposableBags1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛使用(shyng)2.使用(shyng)一次性塑料袋带来的问题3.限制使用(shyng)塑料袋的意义开头略Theproblemsbroughtbydisposableplastic
30、bagsarevarious,rangingfromthedamageofenvironmenttotheharmofpeopleshealth.第61页/共79页第六十一页，共80页。Inthefirstplace,ittakesyearsfortheplasticproductstobeabsorbedbythesoil,sothattheymaypolluteourenvironmentforarelativelylongtime,whichisboundtoexertafar-reachinginfluenceontheenvironment.Furthermore,peopleusu
31、allybuyfoodpackedintodisposablebagswithoutbeinginformedofthechemicalmaterialstheywillreleaseinhightemperature,whichwillsurelybreedaprofoundimpactonpeopleshealth.结尾(jiwi)略第62页/共79页第六十二页，共80页。u问题解决型文章(wnzhng)模板l描述问题段(严重性)l要旨：主题句+(例证)l揭示危害段(分层次论述)l要旨：段落主题句+1、2l主题句：people+认为+论题+引起问题+rangefromAtoBl论点：过渡(
32、gud)词汇+现象+whichl建议措施段：l要旨：段落主题句+建议措施+展望未来l第63页/共79页第六十三页，共80页。情况如此危急，解决这个问题刻不容缓。Thesituationbeingsoserious,itishightimethatwetooksomeeffectivemeasurestosolvetheproblem.首先，个人应该被教育提高意识;Ontheonehand,peopleshouldbeeducatedtoraisetheawarenessthat第二，我们必须制订一些法律(fl)和法规。Ontheotherhand,itisessentialthatlawsan
33、dregulationsshouldbeworkedout.(legislations/principles/institutions)第64页/共79页第六十四页，共80页。u真题练习(linx)9801MyViewonFakeCommodities假冒伪劣商品的危害(wihi)怎样杜绝假冒伪劣商品第65页/共79页第六十五页，共80页。l2-1方案对立观点型l支持面两点理由充分论述(lnsh)l+反对面一点理由简略论述(lnsh)l第一段：主体背景l第二段：论证观点A、Bl第三段：论证观点Cl第四段：我的看法第66页/共79页第六十六页，共80页。切忌：支持(zhch)面优点=反对面缺点例
34、：愿意在校内还是校外住第67页/共79页第六十七页，共80页。0806RecreationalActivities1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可能使人受益，也可能有危害性3.作为大学生,我的看法(knf)开头略(Suchactivitiesarebeneficialaswellasharmfultousifundertakeninappropriately.Peopleholddifferentideastowardsthisphenomenon.)第68页/共79页第六十八页，共80页。Supportersofthefirstgroup,whoclaimthatrecreationala
35、ctivitiesareofgreatsignificanceofhumanbeingsassumethereasonsasfollowing.Tobeginwith,theybelievethatitcanhelpusbuildourbody,peoplemaygotogymswiththeirfriendsonweekendstogetrelaxedafterfive-dayintensework.第69页/共79页第六十九页，共80页。Inaddition,theymaintainthatleisureactivitiescanalsoimproveourcommunication,pe
36、oplemightchoosetosurftheinternettochatwithfriends.第70页/共79页第七十页，共80页。Nevertheless,thecritics,whosuggestthatwecannotspendtoomuchtimeonrecreationalactivitiesholdtheviewpointsthatifso,wemightfailtoconcentrateonourdutiessuchasstudyingorworking,(which)第71页/共79页第七十一页，共80页。0512ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOp
37、entoTourists?1名校校园正成为(chngwi)旅游新热点2校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同3我认为开头略第72页/共79页第七十二页，共80页。Supportersofthefirstgroup,whoclaimthatcampusshouldbeopentopublicassumethatpeoplecantakepicturesandenjoythebeautifulsceneryinuniversities,andmostofthestudentsvisitthecampuswithhopeandrespect.(Consequently)第73页/共79页第七十三页，共8
38、0页。Nevertheless,thecritics,whosuggestthatcampusopeningtopublicshouldbebannedmaintainthereasonsasfollowing.Ontheonehand,touristsvisitwilldisturbthenormalteaching.Theyalwaysgetintolibrariesorotherteachingfacilitiesandmakeloudnoise.第74页/共79页第七十四页，共80页。Ontheotherhand,sometouriststramplegrasstotakephotos
39、,throwrubbisheverywhereandsculptureontreestoleavewords.第75页/共79页第七十五页，共80页。u对立(dul)观点型文章模板l主题背景段(辨析描述(miosh)问题)l要旨：主题句+(例证)l阐释论点段(分层次论述)l要旨：段落主题句+2-1lsupporters/critics+认为+论题(好)+认为+理由(asfollowing)l个人评价段：l要旨：段落主题句+个人观点+（解决措施）l第76页/共79页第七十六页，共80页。lFrommyperspectiveofview,Iaminfavorofthefirstviewpoint.
40、lFirstandforemost,IamdeeplyconvincedthatlInaddition,itismyfirmbeliefthatl取其菁华( jnghu)，祛其糟粕。labsorbtheessenceandneglectthedrawbacks.第77页/共79页第七十七页，共80页。u真题练习(linx)0612SpringFestivalGalaonCCTV许多人喜欢在除夕(chx)观看春节联欢晚会有些人却提出取消春节联欢晚会在我看来第78页/共79页第七十八页，共80页。感谢您的欣赏(xnshng)！第79页/共79页第七十九页，共80页。内容(nirng)总结主题。提高词汇量就等于(dngy)提高了写作能力。U-uncountable C-countable。重要信息：主题信息、细节信息。背景论题Which。切忌：支持面优点=反对面缺点。感谢您的欣赏第八十页，共80页。
