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1、高考英语语法复习定语从句知识讲解一、定语从句的关系词关系词先行词在从句中作的成分例句who指人主语、宾语The boy who was in the office yesterday is my brother.whom指人宾语He is the person to whom you ought to address the request.which指物主语、宾语This is the room in which I lived when I was young.that指人或物主语、宾语、表语After this he is not the man that he used to be.w
2、hose指人或物定语This is the student whose handwriting is the best in our school.when指时间时间状语I still remember the day when I first came to this school.where指地点地点状语The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.why指原因原因状语Id like to know the reason why you are so late.注意：（1）作宾语时who和whom常可换用，但作宾语的关
3、系代词前有介词时用whom。The old man with whom I often go to the park is my grandfather.（2）“whose+名词”可与“限定词+名词+of+which”或“of+which+限定词+名词”换用。The house whose windows (=the windows of which或of which the windows) face the street is my uncles.二、关系代词与关系副词的选用依据判断依据说明例句根据从句中的谓语动词判断从句谓语为及物动词，后面若无宾语，就需用关系代词；从句谓语为不及物动词则
4、要用关系副词This is the factory that/which I visited last year.（visit是及物动词）This is the factory where he used to work.（work是不及物动词）根据先行词在从句中所作的成分判断先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语时用关系代词；作状语时用关系副词Is this the museum (that/which) you visited a few days ago?（作宾语）Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?（作状语）三、限制性定语从句与非
5、限制性定语从句的区别类别形式意义译法关系词的使用例句限制性定语从句不用逗号和主句隔开是不可缺少的，去掉后，主句意义不完整通常翻译成先行词的定语作宾语的关系代词可省略；可用that；可用who代替whomThis is the house (which) we bought last month.非限制性定语从句用逗号和主句隔开是对先行词的补充说明，如去掉，主句意思仍完整通常将主句和从句译成并列的句子作宾语的关系代词不可省略；不用that；不能用who代替whomThe house, which we bought last month, is very nice.四、that和which的区别
6、类别说明例句只用that不用which的情况先行词是不定代词，或由不定代词修饰时They said nothing that hurt our teacher.I have some books that are worth reading.先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen.先行词被the very,the only等修饰时This is the
7、very dictionary that I want to buy.The old car is the only thing that he owns now.主句中有which时Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?先行词既有人也有物时Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have heard of?有两个定语从句且其中一个已用了关系代词which时They secretly built up a small factory which produced things that
8、could cause pollution.只用which不用that的情况引导非限制性定语从句时This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.关系代词前有介词时The reason for which he refused the invitation is not clear.先行词本身是that时Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?五、as与which的用法区别区别说明例句从位置上区别as引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后，which引导的定语从句一般不
9、放在主句之前The Pacific is the largest ocean, as we all know.(=As we all know, the Pacific.=The Pacific, as we all know,.)The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents.从意义上区别as引导的定语从句在语意上要和主句保持一致，常译为“正如.，像.”，表示说话人的观点或态度；which常译为“这一点”，表示对主句进行补充说明。如果非限制性定语从句表示否定意义则只能用whichHe made a long speech,
10、as we expected.正如我们所预料的一样，他的演讲很长。He made a long speech, which was unexpected.他的演讲很长，这是我们没有预料到的。六、“介词+关系代词”的用法情况说明例句介词+关系代词从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，关系代词可用which,whose,whom，不可用that,whoIs this the car for which you paid a high price?The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teache
11、r.名词/代词等+介词+关系代词常见的有some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the largest of which/whom等Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.“介词+关系代词”中介词的选用依据定语从句中的动词或形容词等的习惯搭配确定I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.“介词+关系代词”中介词的选用依据与先行词的搭配确定Ill never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the countryside.根据所表达的意思确定The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.3
