《高中英语2025届高考语法复习非谓语动词知识讲解》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中英语2025届高考语法复习非谓语动词知识讲解（4页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、高考英语语法复习非谓语动词知识讲解一、不定式1.不定式的句法功能句法功能用法例句作主语常用形式主语it代替，而将不定式后置It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.作宾语作动词的宾语He has determined to settle down in the countryside.“疑问词+不定式”可作介词的宾语Were talking about how to overcome the present difficulties.作表语表示主语的具体内容、目的等，有将来时间意义His dream is to be a lawyer
2、.作定语置于被修饰词的后面，一般表示要做的动作At last he had a chance to go abroad.作状语表示原因、目的、结果、评论等She burst into laughter to see his funny action.He shouted and waved to be noticed.作宾语补足语大多数动词后的宾语补足语用带to的不定式We all expect him to win the contest.Parents want their children to develop fully.使役动词、感官动词等后的宾语补足语用不带to的不定式My par
3、ents used to make me recite poems.He noticed a young man enter the office.2.不定式的省略省略说明例句省略与上文相同的主要动词，只保留符号to当不定式在hope,intend,plan,mean,want,wish等动词后作宾语时-Did you buy milk?-No. I meant to, but the shop was shut.在ask,advise,persuade,allow,tell等动词后面作宾语补足语时She wanted to come to the party, but her parents
4、 didnt allow her to.与be able to,be going to,have to,used to等一起构成复合谓语时I dont want to wait for him but I have to.二、动名词句法功能用法例句作主语表示一种概念、习惯或经验，有时用it作形式主语，常见于Its (no) use/good/fun.等句式中Swimming is the best sport in summer.Its no good doing that.作宾语既可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。宾语后若有补足语，常用it作形式宾语We are considering ch
5、anging our plan.We found it no good arguing with others.作表语表示抽象性、泛指性或习惯性的动作，说明主语的内容，可与主语互换位置My hobby is collecting stamps.My sons favourite sport is playing table tennis.作定语表示被修饰名词的用途，在意义上相当于“名词+for+doing”Many people were sitting on the bench in the waiting room.三、分词句法功能用法例句作状语表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随等，其逻辑主
6、语必须与句子主语一致。句子主语是分词表示的动作的执行者，用现在分词；是承受者，则用过去分词We opened the window, letting the fresh air in.The soldiers lay on the ground, covered with nothing.作定语单个分词作定语一般前置，分词短语作定语一般后置。现在分词表示主动、进行，及物动词的过去分词表示被动、完成，不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成不表示被动The sleeping baby is my sisters son.Who were the so-called guests invited to yo
7、ur party last night?The young man wore a pair of faded jeans.作表语现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征，过去分词作表语表示主语因外部原因产生的某种状态或感受。作表语的分词已经形容词化The argument is very convincing.His father was satisfied with his answer.作宾语补足语现在分词作宾语补足语说明宾语执行的动作正在进行，过去分词作宾语补足语表示动作的被动性或完成性I noticed a group of children playing football in the
8、playground.He felt himself cheated.四、非谓语动词的区别句法功能区别示例作主语不定式表示具体的动作，动名词表示抽象的、泛指的动作It is not good for you to smoke so much.（具体）Smoking is forbidden here.（泛指）不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的，动名词常用来表示一件已知的事或经验To be invited to the party would be exciting.（未做的事）Driving a car during the rush hour is boring.（已知的、经验）作定
9、语不定式作后置定语多表示在谓语动词后发生的动作，也可表示过去已经完成的主动动作，但此时被修饰部分通常有形容词、分词或序数词The problem to be discussed tomorrow is of great interest.Madam Curie was the first to discover the element radium.动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途或作用The soldiers each have a sleeping bag.现在分词表示正在进行的动作或所修饰名词的主动性质，过去分词表示被动、完成的动作或所修饰名词的被动性质We are living in
10、a changing world.We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.作状语不定式的逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，或用for/of sb.来表示；分词的逻辑主语即为句子的主语，句子的主语是现在分词所表示的动作的执行者，是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者To catch the first train, he started out early.Seeing from the hill, we can get a wonderful view of the whole city.Seen from the hill, the city
11、 looks more beautiful.不定式常表示目的，现在分词一般表示伴随Were having a meeting next week to discuss the matter.（目的）The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking happily.（伴随）不定式除了表示目的外，还表示结果或原因，表示结果时一般位于句尾；分词还可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、结果等The boy is not tall enough to reach the bookshelf.（结果）Reading attentively, he for
12、got the time for lunch.（原因）表示结果时，不定式常指令人意外的结果；分词则指顺其自然的结果He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.His parents died, leaving him as an orphan.作宾语有些动词只跟不定式作宾语Afford,agree,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,hope,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等有些动词只跟动名词作宾语Advise,admit,
13、avoid,delay,enjoy,finish,imagine,mind,consider（考虑）,miss,risk,practice等有些动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词，且意义相差不大Begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want（需要）等有些动词接不定式或动名词均可，但意义差别较大Forget to do sth.忘记要做某事；Forget doing sth.忘记做过某事Remember to do sth.记得去做某事；remember doing sth.记得做过某事Regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事；reg
14、ret doing sth.后悔做过某事Try to do sth.努力做某事；try doing sth.试着做某事Mean to do sth.打算做某事，想做某事；mean doing sth.意味着做某事作补足语感官或使役动词后用不定式作补足语时表示动作的全部过程或经常性，用现在分词时表示动作正在进行I saw him come into the building.I saw him coming into the building.宾语与作补足语的不定式的一般式之间是主动关系，与作补足语的现在分词的一般式之间是主动、进行关系，与作补足语的过去分词之间是被动、完成关系The head
15、teacher ordered him to leave the classroom at once.I heard him singing a pop song.I heard a pop song sung.五、独立主格结构构成例句逻辑主语+现在分词The manager being ill, he is in charge of the company for the time being.逻辑主语+过去分词This done, we will go home.逻辑主语+不定式So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.注意：（1）除非谓语动词外，逻辑主语与介词短语、形容词、名词等也可构成独立主格结构。He sat there, his eyes on her back.He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.There are many visitors here, most of them foreigners.（2）独立主格结构前有时
