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1、Linking cause and effectInformation relatedGuided writingSampleRewriting sentencesLinking cause and effectGuided writingRewriting sentencesGuided writingWork in pairs. Rewrite the sentences using the words and expressions in brackets.1 It gets very cold in the desert at night, because of the lack of
2、 cloud cover. (due to)2 Resources are used efficiently because of the cooperation between different social groups. (thanks to)3 They stored the water a long way below the surface, in this way ensuring that it stayed cool. (thus)It gets very cold in the desert at night, due to the lack of cloud cover
3、.Resources are used efficiently thanks to the cooperation between different social groups.They stored the water a long way below the surface, thus ensuring that it stayed cool.MoreRewriting sentencesGuided writing4 Many varieties of dates are grown in Timimoun, so the plantations are kept free of di
4、sease. (as a result)5 The quality of the dates produced is directly connected to the temperature. (the hotter .)Many varieties of dates are grown in Timimoun, as a result, the plantations are kept free of disease.The hotter the temperature, the better the quality of the dates.SampleGuided writing Wr
5、ite a short passage about a traditional way of caring for the environment in China. Think about the following: caring for plants and animals caring for the land use and distribution of local resources traditional methods of agriculture buildings and building materialsclickSample If you cross the des
6、ert in the far north-west of China,in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, you may reach the oasis town of Turfan, which has a large varietyof trees, plants, fruit and vegetables. As a visitor, you willprobably be surprised by the great range of grapes andraisins. You will wonder how these can grow
7、 in the middle of the desert. The town uses an ancient system of undergroundchannels which bring water from the melting snow of the Tianshan mountains. The underground channels are at least two metres deep in order to prevent evaporationand are linked to the surface by vertical wells. TheMoreGuided
8、writingSample vertical wells are used to bring air into the system and they allow workers to maintain the channels. The wholesystem works due to gravity, as the water flows from the high mountains down under the desert to lower places, into reservoirs and into the town. The history of this irrigatio
9、n system can be traced back to 103 BC and it has been used in Turfan for manyhundreds of years. No doubt, the irrigation system was vital for Turfan as an important site on the Silk Road. Due to this ancient irrigation system, Turfan has a stable water source for people and agriculture. Treesare pla
10、nted alongside the surface channels to give shade and protection for the flowing water. The treesand plants also hold back the desert sand, cool theMoreGuided writingSample environment, and together with the water, support ananimal and bird population. Today, things are changing as a result of moder
11、n pumps and water pipes, giant windmills that generateelectricity, and exploration of oil and gas. The Silk Road may become an Energy Road. But meanwhile the ancient irrigation system continues to help Turfan to grow and export grapes, and tourists and visitors can admire the ancient system and lear
12、n about the local cultures.Guided writingGuided writinga general schemeMoreEvaluating reasons in argumentGuided writingSome words and expressions for evaluating reasonsLanguage support Reasons are strong / powerful / good / weak / poor / (un)convincing / (in)significant / (un)important / (not) persu
13、asive / (in)adequate / (in)sufficient. Solutions are (not) reliable / suitable / flexible / practicable / feasible / beneficial / effective / efficient / adequate / usable / applicable / energy-efficient / energy-saving / wasteful / (un)economic. The issue / solution is too complex / complicated / d
14、ifficult / restricted / limited. can be easily carried out / easily applied / easy-to-understand. is a question of awareness / attitude / knowledge / behaviour / habit.MoreGuided writingSome words and expressions for evaluating reasonsMoreLanguage support It depends on whether It prevents / restrict
15、s / reduces / limits It can be comprehensive / widespread / commonplace It needs / requires / demands It is long-term / short-term / temporary / transitional It is a dilemma / a difficult decision / a question of balancing different needs On balance, the benefits outweigh the drawbacks / the advanta
16、ges outnumber the disadvantages Guided writingExampleDiscuss reasons why you think green fatigue might, or might not exist, following the outline.Green fatigueIntroductionMain argumentReasons for the main argumentEvaluation of reasons for the main argumentCounter-argumentReasons for the counter-argu
17、mentEvaluation of reasons for the counter-argumentConclusionclickGuided writingSampleGreen fatigueIntroduction The term green here is used to describe arguments, ideas, policies and actions to solve environmentalproblems associated with global warming and climate change. These affect all of us, and
18、most peopleunderstand that in some way or other we are all involved in green developments.Main argument It has been suggested that people experience green fatigue, which means that we are disillusioned with thegreen message and not so interested in fund-raising efforts or ideas to solve environmenta
19、l problems asbefore.MoreGuided writingSampleGreen fatigueReasons for the main argumentPeople are tired of green messages, because environmental problems seem too complicated and the actionsof an individual apparently make little difference. Consequently, the green cause seems hopeless andpeople are
20、becoming cynical about it.Evaluation of reasons for the main argumentAll the reasons for this argument depend on attitudes and interpretations of what is happening about greenissues. The reasons are not put forward as facts; rather, they seem to be feelings and excuses for not takingindividual actio
21、n.MoreGuided writingSampleGreen fatigueCounter-argument Green fatigue is simply an attitude of some people (not everyone) and this attitude can be changed.Reasons for the counter-argument With positive examples of how small individual actions can in fact make a difference, and the knowledge that som
22、e actions are widespread, we can change the situation and green fatigue will disappear.Evaluation of reasons for the counter-argument The main reason for this counter-argument is that there are simple, easy, positive green steps whicheverybody can take: using energy-efficient light bulbs, shopping l
23、ocally, recycling rubbish such as glassjars, adjusting the thermostat for heating or cooling just aMoreGuided writingSampleGreen fatiguelittle. These steps save energy. Taking these stepsdepends on whether people know about them and for fatigued people on whether they believe that mostother people a
24、re taking these steps. Therefore, when there is good publicity for these steps, green fatiguewhich is limited anyway will disappear.Conclusion Green fatigue exists in the mind of a limited number of people. It is probably temporary. It can be changedwhen people know about the small positive green steps that they can take every day. The small number offatigued people will change when they see that everyone is doing something to benefit the environment.Guided writing
