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1、The-Nobel-PrizeThe-Nobel-PrizeAlfred Bernhard Nobel Stockholm, Sweden October 21, 1833-December 10, 1896 Engineer innovator armaments（武器）manufacturer the inventor of dynamite（甘油炸药） His lifetime, he received 355 invention patents, and in 20 countries such as Europe and the United States has also crea
2、ted some 100 companies and factories, and accumulated enormous wealth. Alfred Nobel (1833-1896) was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on October 21, 1833. His family was descended from Olof Rudbeck, the best-known technical genius in Sweden in the 17th century, an era in which Sweden was a great power in n
3、orthern Europe. Nobel was fluent in several languages, and wrote poetry and drama. Nobel was also very interested in social and peace-related issues, and held views that were considered radical during his time. Alfred Nobels interests are reflected in the prize he established. Alfred Nobels death ma
4、skAlfred Nobel s wills manuscriptwill n. 遗嘱manuscript n.手稿；原稿 adj. 手写的The origin of the Nobel Prize On November 27，1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will and testament, giving the largest share of his fortune to a series of prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace
5、- the Nobel Prizes. In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank (Swedens central bank) established The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. Why is The Nobel Prize awarded at 4.30 p.m. in the afternoon?The Nobel Prize award ceremony held in the afternoon to commemorate the great Nob
6、el who died at 4:30 p.m. in December 10,1986.Years without Nobel PrizesSince the start, in 1901, there are some years when the Nobel Prizes have not been awarded. The total number of times are 49. Most of them during World War I (1914-1918) and II (1939-1945).573 Nobel PrizesBetween 1901 and 2015, t
7、he Nobel Prizes and the Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 573 times.Prize setting of The Noble PrizeuThe Nobel Prize for physicsuNobel Prize in ChemistryuThe Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicineu Nobel Prize in literatureuThe Nobel Peace PrizeuThe Prize in Economic SciencesThe Nobel Prize for
8、 physicsAwarded to 201 Nobel Laureates since 1901.Physics was the prize area which Alfred Nobel mentioned first in his will. At the end of the nineteenth century, many people considered physics as the foremost of the sciences, and perhaps Nobel saw it this way as well. His own research was also clos
9、ely tied to physics. Laureate：n.获奖者The Nobel Prize in ChemistryAwarded to 172 Nobel Laureates since 1901.Chemistry was the most important science for Alfred Nobels own work. The development of his inventions as well as the industrial processes he employed were based upon chemical knowledge. Chemistr
10、y was the second prize area that Nobel mentioned in his will. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineAwarded to 210 Nobel Laureates since 1901Alfred Nobel had an active interest in medical research. Through Karolinska Institutet, he came into contact with Swedish physiologist Jns Johansson around
11、1890. Johansson worked in Nobels laboratory in Sevran, France during a brief period the same year. Physiology or medicine was the third prize area Nobel mentioned in his will. Awarded to 112Nobel Laureates since 1901Alfred Nobel had broad cultural interests. During his early youth, he developed his
12、literary interests which lasted throughout his life. His library consisted of a rich and broad selection of literature in different languages. During the last years of his life, he tried his hand as an author and began writing fiction. Literature was the fourth prize area Nobel mentioned in his will
13、.Nobel Prize in literatureThe Nobel Peace PrizeAwarded to 129 Nobel Laureates Since 1901.Alfred Nobel was interested in social issues and was engaged in the peace movement. His acquaintance with Bertha von Suttner (who was later awarded the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize) influenced his own views on peace.
14、Perhaps his peace interest was also because his inventions were used in warfare and assassination attempts? Peace was the fifth and final prize area that Nobel mentioned in his will.The Prize in Economic Sciences In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank (Swedens central bank) established the Prize in Economic Sci
15、ences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize. The Prize is based on a donation received by the Nobel Foundation in 1968 from Sveriges Riksbank on the occasion of the Banks 300th anniversary. The first Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen in 1969. The Prize in Economic Sciences is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden, according to the same principles as for the Nobel Prizes that have been awarded since 1901. Awarded to 76 Laureates since 1969.Thanks !结束结束
