《三种独立主格结构精讲与练习..》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《三种独立主格结构精讲与练习..（27页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、三种独立主格结构精讲与三种独立主格结构精讲与练习练习.思思茅茅一一中中杨杨志志明明灵灵感感勤勤奋奋成成功功路路I.基本知识：基本知识：独立主格结构独立主格结构是由是由名词名词或或代词代词加加非谓语动词非谓语动词、形容词形容词等构成的一种结构，用等构成的一种结构，用于修饰整个句子。其名词或代词与其后的于修饰整个句子。其名词或代词与其后的非非谓语动词谓语动词、形容词形容词等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。独立主格结构的类型：独立主格结构的类型：1.非谓语动词独立主格结构非谓语动词独立主格结构2.无动词独立主格结构无动词独立主格结构3.with复合结构复合结构独立主格结构的用法特点：常
2、置于句首或句独立主格结构的用法特点：常置于句首或句末，与句子之间不能使用任何连接词，主要末，与句子之间不能使用任何连接词，主要用作状语；用作状语；with复合结构也可用作定语。复合结构也可用作定语。一般式一般式todotobedonedoingbeingdone完成式完成式havingdone havingbeendone过去分词过去分词done主动主动被动被动1.非谓语动词独立主格结构非谓语动词独立主格结构. 学习体会与归纳学习体会与归纳n.pron.+ non-infinitiveHisfriendstocometonight,hehisbesttopreparethedinner.Weo
3、urefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.istrying谓语动词之后谓语动词之后redoubled与谓语动词同时在进行与谓语动词同时在进行Thelastbushavinggone,wehome.hadtowalk谓语动词之前谓语动词之前doing / havingdone/ todo 的的异异同同与谓语动词动作的与谓语动词动作的时间关系时间关系逻辑主逻辑主谓关系谓关系doinghavingdonetodo与谓语同时与谓语同时谓语之前谓语之前谓语发生时谓语发生时尚未发生尚未发生主主动动主动主动主动主动主动主动Thetestfinished,wellhaveoursumme
4、rvocation.Thefoodtobecooked,thepanwasputoverthefire.因为要做饭，锅放在了火上。因为要做饭，锅放在了火上。谓语动作发生时尚未发生谓语动作发生时尚未发生被动被动Thefoodbeingcooked,Jimsmotherwaslisteningtomusic.两个动作同时进行两个动作同时进行被动被动Thefoodhavingbeencooked,Jimsmotherlistenedtomusic.杰姆的妈妈一边做饭，一边听音乐。杰姆的妈妈一边做饭，一边听音乐。在谓语动作在谓语动作之前发生之前发生被动被动杰姆的妈妈做好了饭以后，听了音乐。杰姆的妈妈做
5、好了饭以后，听了音乐。被动被动在谓语动作在谓语动作之前发生之前发生考试结束以后，我们将开始暑假了。考试结束以后，我们将开始暑假了。to be done / being done / (having been) done的的异异同同与谓语动词动作的与谓语动词动作的时间关系时间关系逻辑主逻辑主谓关系谓关系tobedonebeingdonehaving been donedone与谓语同时与谓语同时谓语之前谓语之前(=done)谓语发生时谓语发生时尚未发生尚未发生被被动动谓语之前谓语之前Manytreesandflowerstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllo
6、okmorebeautiful.Themanagerlooksworried,manythingstosettle.被动被动特别提示：特别提示：“n. / pron.+ 不定式不定式”的独立主格结构中，如果的独立主格结构中，如果n. / pron.为不定式动作的承受者，且句子主语为不定式动作的承受者，且句子主语为不定式动作的执行者时，通常不定式要用主为不定式动作的执行者时，通常不定式要用主动式，否则不定式要用被动式。动式，否则不定式要用被动式。被动式被动式主动式主动式被动被动2.无动词独立主格结构无动词独立主格结构n.pron.+ (being) + predicativen.adj.adv.
7、prep-phrase此结构常被看作是此结构常被看作是“名词名词 / 代词代词+ being+ 表语表语”省略了省略了being的结构。的结构。Tenstudentsenteredforthecompetition,theyoungestbeingaboyof12.十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个个12岁的男孩。岁的男孩。Thelittlegirlenteredtheroom,herfacebeingredwithcold.小女孩走进了房间，她的脸冻得通红。小女孩走进了房间，她的脸冻得通红。Schoolbeingover,weallwentho
8、me.放学后，我们都回家去了。放学后，我们都回家去了。Heisstandinginfrontoftheblackboard,hisbackbeingtowardsus. 他站在黑板面前，背对着我们。他站在黑板面前，背对着我们。IreceivedmanyChristmasgifts,someofthembooks.Heturnedtome,hiseyessleepy.Themusicon,Icantfocusmymindonthework.Thenewteachercamein,asmileonherface.注注:在表示方式的独立主格结构中，为了使句子在表示方式的独立主格结构中，为了使句子简洁
9、，往往将简洁，往往将“逻辑主语逻辑主语 + 介词短语介词短语”中的中的冠词或代词都省略。冠词或代词都省略。Theguardstoodbythedoor,guninhand.注意：注意：being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略：在下列两种情况下一般不能省略： 1)“Therebeing + 名词名词”结构中：结构中：Therebeingnobus,we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。2) 逻辑主语为逻辑主语为代词代词时：时：ItbeingSunday,all the offices are closed. 因为是星期日，所有
10、办公室都关门。因为是星期日，所有办公室都关门。Therebeingalotofworktodo,Icantgowithyou.Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime,thegroundwasverydry.Itbeingfine,wewillhavethesportsmeetingnextweek.tododoingdonen.adj.adv.prep-phrase3.with复合结构复合结构前述的前述的“n./ pron. + 非谓语动词非谓语动词”和和“n. / pron. + (being) 表语表语“两种独立主格结构中，大多可在其两种独立主格结构中，大多可在
11、其前加上介词前加上介词with，这就形成了，这就形成了with复合结构。复合结构。withwithout+ O + OCWithsomuchworktodo,IdontknowifIllhavetimetogoout.Thegirlhidherboxwithoutanyoneknowingwhereitwas.Withhishomeworkfinished,hewenttoseeafilm.Theoldmanlivesalonewiththedoghisonlycompanion.Hestoodintherain,withhisclotheswet.WithJohnaway,wevegotmo
12、reroom.Vincentsatatthedesk,withapeninhismouth.高考试题体验高考试题体验1.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather_.(2012新课标全国卷新课标全国卷 28)A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permitA.2.Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog_them.(2012辽宁卷辽宁卷25)A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.followsB.3.Batsaresur
13、prising long-livedcreatures,some_alifespanofaround20years.(2011浙江卷浙江卷3) A.havingB.hadC.haveD.tohaveA.4.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork_,hegladlyacceptedit.(2007安徽安徽)A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinishedA.5.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_fortheday.(2
14、007重庆卷重庆卷25) A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinishedB.6.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent_attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched(2007年山东卷年山东卷13)B.7.Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.(2007福建福建)Sorry.Withs
15、omuchwork_mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.fillingC.tofillD.beingfilledB.8.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.(2005北京北京) A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoonA.9.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest_inayear.(2005湖南湖南34)A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowedC. 巩固练习巩固练习1.ThereImetseveralpeople,twoof_
16、beingforeigners.2.ThereImetseveralpeople,twoof_wereforeigners.3.ThereImetseveralpeople,andtwoof_wereforeigners.A.whoB.themC.whomD.thatB.独立主格结构独立主格结构C.B.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句and连接并列句连接并列句要特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之要特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间可用逗号分开，但间可用逗号分开，但不能使用任何连接词不能使用任何连接词。4.Fathercamehome,_.Whichiswrong?A.adogfollowin
17、ghimB.followedbyadogC.beingfollowedbyadogD.adogfollowedhimD.5._moretime,heissuretofinishhistestpaper.Whichiswrong?A.IfhegivesB.GivenC.IfgivenD.IfheisgivenA.6._arainyday,allthefarmershadtostayinside.A.ItbeingB.BeingC.ItwasD.TherewasA.7.There_nothingmoretodo,Mr.Goodmanleftforhome.A.wasB.beingC.tobeD.h
18、asbeenB.8.Thediningroomiscleanandtidy,withatablealready_forabigmeal.A.laidB.layingC.tolayD.beinglaidA.9.Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof_translatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.thatB.10.Withprices_goingup,itissometimesdifficultforustomakeendsmeetonoursmallincome.A.keptB.keepingC.tokeepD.beingkep
19、tB.11.Silveristhe best conductorofelectricity,copper_itclosely.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.followsB.12.Notfarfromtheschooltherewasagarden,_ownerseatedinitplayingchesswithhislittlegrandsoneveryafternoon.A.itsB.whoseC.whichD.thatA.13.Withsomebooksheneeded_,hewentintothebookstorequickly.A.tobuyB.b
20、oughtC.tobeboughtD.buyingA.14.Allthings_,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.A.consideredB.beconsideredC.consideringD.havingconsideredA.15.Thesoldierrushedintothecave,hisrighthand_agunandhisface_withsweat.Aheld;covered B.holding;coveringC.holding;coveredD.held;coveringC.16.Thefourofusagreedonadivisi
21、onoflabor,each_aquarterofthebook.A.totranslateB.translatedC.translatingD.translateA.17.Theguests_,shebegantocleantheroom.A.leavingB.toleaveC.leftD.havingleftD.18.Wewereveryexcitedatthesightoftwofive-starredflagsrisinginthestadium,twopairsofChineseathletes_atthemoment.A.toawardB.awardedC.awardingD.be
22、ingawardedD.19.Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim_onabeach,withhiseyes_onakiteinthesky.A.seating;fixingB.sitting;fixingC.sat;fixedD.seated;fixedD.20._ofdangerinthestreetatnight,shehadtogohomewithafriend_her.A.Warned;accompaniedB.Havingwarned;accompanyingC.Warning;accompanyingD.Havingbeenwarned;accompanyingD.结束结束
