汽车专业英语教学课件汇总完整版电子教案全书整套课件幻灯片最新

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1、2024/7/30汽车专业英语全国交通运输职业教育高职汽车运用与维修技术专业规划教材全国交通运输职业教育高职汽车运用与维修技术专业规划教材 2024/7/30OverviewofVehicleMaintenanceEngineChassisElectroniccontrolsystemAutomotiveElectricalEquipmentModule1Module2Module3Module4Module5Module6Module7Module8SafetyandComfortSystemNewEnergyVehiclesSmartVehicleModule1OverviewofVehi

2、cleMaintenanceReadingMaterialsSkillTrainingExercisesListeningandSpeakingPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPassage1VehiclecategoriesPassage2MainsystemsPassage35SconceptinworkshopPassage4Safetyprecautions请指出下图1-1所示车辆技术参数的中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage1ClutchTextExplanationThissectionisageneralintroductiontothecarasawhole

3、.Overtheyearsmanyunusualdesignshavebeentried,somewithmoresuccessthanothers.Themostcommonis,ofcourse,arectangularvehiclewithawheelateachcorner!Totakethisrathersimpleideafurther,wecancategorizevehiclesindifferentways.译文：本节是对汽车整体的一般介绍。多年来，已经尝试了许多不寻常的设计，其中一些设计更成功。当然，最常见的是一个矩形车辆，每个角都有一个轮子！为了进一步采用这个相当简单的想

4、法，我们可以用不同的方式对车辆进行分类。TextExplanationRear-wheeldrivefromafrontenginewasthemethodusedformanyyears.Somemanufacturershavecontinueditsuse,BMWforexample.Alongpropellershaftfromthegearboxtothefinaldrive,whichispartoftherearaxle,isthemainfeature.Thepropellershafthasuniversaljointstoallowforsuspensionmovement

5、.Thislayouthassomeadvantages:1）Weighttransferstothereardrivingwheelswhenaccelerating.2）Complicatedconstantuniversaljoints,suchasusedbyfront-wheeldrivevehicles,arenotneeded.译文：前置发动机、后轮驱动是多年来使用的方法。一些制造商，例如宝马，继续使用此方法。作为后轴的一部分，从变速箱到最终传动的长传动轴是主要特征。传动轴具有万向节，以允许悬架运动。这种布局有一些优点：1）加速时重量转移到后驱动轮。2）不需要复杂的恒定万向节，例

6、如前轮驱动车辆使用的万向节。TextExplanationFour-wheeldrivecombinesallthegoodpointsmentionedabovebutmakesthevehiclemorecomplicatedandthereforeisexpensive.Themaindifferencewithfour-wheeldriveisthatanextragearboxknownasatransferboxisneededtolinkthefront-andrear-wheeldrive.译文：四轮驱动结合了上述所有优点，但使车辆更加复杂，因此价格昂贵。四轮驱动的主要区别在于

7、需要一个额外的变速箱，称为分动箱，用于连接前轮驱动和后轮驱动。TextExplanationTypesoflightvehiclecanrangefromsmalltwo-seatsportscarstolargepeoplecarriersorsportsutilityvehicles(SUVs).Alsoincludedintherangearelightcommercialvehiclessuchasvansandpick-uptrucks.Itishardtocategorizeacarexactlyasthereareseveralagreedsystemsinseveraldiff

8、erentcountries.译文：轻型车辆的类型范围可以从小型双座跑车到大型人员运输车或运动型多功能车（SUV）。该系列还包括轻型商用车辆，如货车和皮卡车。很难对汽车进行分类，因为在几个不同的国家/地区有多个商定的系统。TextExplanationTherearenginedesignhasnotbeenverypopularbutitwasusedforthebestsellingcarofalltime:theVWBeetle.Theadvantagesarethatweightisplacedontherearwheels,givinggoodgrip,andthepowerunit

9、anddrivecanbealloneassembly.Onedownsideisthatlessroomisavailableforluggageinthefront.Thebiggestproblemisthathandlingisaffectedbecauseoflessweightonthesteeredwheels.Flat-typeenginesarethemostcommonchoiceforthistypeofvehicle.译文：后置发动机设计并不是很受欢迎，但它被用于有史以来最畅销的汽车：大众甲壳虫。优点是重量放在后轮上，提供良好的抓地力，动力单元和驱动器可以是一个组件。一

10、个缺点是前面的行李箱空间较小。最大的问题是操纵受到影响，因为转向轮的重量较轻。平板式发动机是这类车辆最常见的选择。请指出图1-14所示汽车部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage2AutomatictransmissionTextExplanationIntheengine,afuelairmixtureentersthroughaninletmanifoldandisfiredineachcylinderinturn.Theresultingexpandinggasespushonpistonsandconnectingrodswhichareoncranks,justlikeacycl

11、istslegsdrivingthepedals,andthismakesacrankshaftrotate.Thepulsesofpowerfromeachpistonaresmoothedoutbyaheavyflywheel.Powerleavestheenginethroughtheflywheel,whichisfittedontheendofthecrankshaft,andpassestotheclutch.Thespentgasesleaveviatheexhaustsystem.译文：在发动机中，燃料-空气混合物通过进气歧管进入并依次在每个气缸中燃烧。由此产生的膨胀气体推动曲

12、柄上的活塞和连杆，就像骑自行车者的腿驱动踏板一样，这使得曲轴旋转。来自每个活塞的动力脉冲由重型飞轮平滑。飞轮安装在曲轴的末端，动力通过飞轮离开发动机，并传递给离合器。废气通过排气系统排出。TextExplanationThisareaismadeupofthebraking,steeringandsuspensionsystemsaswellasthewheelsandtires.Hydraulicpressureisusedtoactivatethebrakestoslowdownorstopthevehicle.Rotatingdiscsaregrippedbetweenpadsoffri

13、ctionlining.Thehandbrakeusesamechanicallinkagetooperateparkingbrakes.Bothfrontwheelsarelinkedmechanicallyandmustturntogethertoprovidesteeringcontrol.译文：该区域由制动、转向和悬挂系统以及车轮和轮胎组成。液压用于启动制动器以减慢或停止车辆。制动盘夹在摩擦衬垫之间。手制动器使用机械连杆来操作驻车制动器。两个前轮都是机械连接，必须转动才能提供转向控制。TextExplanationTheengineflywheelandclutchcoverarebo

14、ltedtogethersotheclutchalwaysrotateswiththeengine,andwhentheclutchpedalisraiseddriveispassedtothegearbox.Agearboxisneededbecauseanengineproducespoweronlywhenturningquitequickly.Thegearboxallowsthedrivertokeeptheengineatitsbestspeed.Whenthegearboxisinneutral,powerdoesnotleaveit.译文：发动机飞轮和离合器盖用螺栓固定在一起，

15、因此离合器始终随发动机一起旋转，当离合器踏板升起时，驱动力传递到变速箱。需要一个变速箱，因为发动机只有在转速很快时才会产生动力。变速箱允许驾驶员将发动机保持在最佳速度。当变速箱处于空档时，动力不会消失。TextExplanationAstartermotortakesenergyfromthebatterytocrankoverandstarttheengine.Electricalcomponentsarecontrolledbyarangeofswitches.Electronicsystemsusesensorstodetectconditionsandactuatorstocontro

16、lavarietyofthingsinfact,onmodernvehicles,almosteverything.译文：起动马达从电池获取能量以起动并启动发动机。电气元件由一系列开关控制。电子系统使用传感器来检测条件和执行器，以控制各种动作。事实上，在现代车辆上，几乎所有东西都离不开电子系统。请指出图1-19所示工作套装中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage3RunningsystemTextExplanationThe5Sisthekeytomaintaintheworkshopandenableeasy,fast,andreliable(safe)operations.Howtoens

17、urethequalityofcarmaintenance?Keeptheworkplacetidyandorderly.Trytokeeptheworkplacecleanandtidy.Firstofall,dontpolluteit.The5SactivityoriginatedinJapanisanexcellenton-sitemanagementtechnology.译文：5S是维护车间并实现简单、快速和可靠（安全）操作的关键。如何保证汽车维修质量？保持工作场所整洁有序。尽量保持工作场所干净整洁。首先，不要污染它。5S活动是源自日本的一种出色的现场管理技术。TextExplanat

18、ionOrganizeandutilizeallresources,includingtools,parts,orinformation,asnecessaryAssignaplaceontheworksitetostoreallunnecessaryitems.Collectunnecessaryitemsfromtheworkplaceandthendiscardthemproperlyandlegally.Discardunwanteditems.译文：根据需要组织和利用所有资源，包括工具，零件或信息。在工作站点上指定一个位置以存储所有不必要的项目。从工作场所收集不必要的物品，然后妥善和

19、合法地丢弃它们。丢弃不需要的物品。TextExplanationPurpose:Tofacilitateuseofpartsandtoolsandtosavetime.Keepseldom-usedarticlesinaseparateplace.Putoccasionally-usedarticlesinyourworkplace.Putcommonly-usedarticlesonyourside.译文：目的：促进零件和工具的使用并节省时间。将很少使用的物品放在一个单独的地方。在您的工作场所放置偶尔使用过的物品。将常用文章放在您的身边。TextExplanationPurpose:Remo

20、vedirtfromtheworkplacesothattheequipmentisalwaysinacompletelynormalconditionandcanbeusedatanytime.Adirtyworkenvironmentisareflectionoflackofconfidence.Besuretodevelopagoodhabitofkeepingtheworkplaceclean.译文：目的：清除工作场所的污垢，使设备始终处于完全正常状态条件，可以随时使用。肮脏的工作环境反映了缺乏信心。务必养成保持工作场所清洁的好习惯。TextExplanationPurpose:Cle

21、aningisaprocessoftryingtokeepordering,rectifyingandcleaninguptopreventanypossibleproblems.Everythingshallservethepurposeofacleanenvironment,suchascolors,shapes,layoutofvariousarticles,lighting,ventilation,displayracks,andpersonalhygiene.Iftheworkenvironmentbecomesfreshandbright,itcangivethecustomera

22、goodatmosphere.译文：目的：清洁是一个试图保持有序，纠正和清理以防止任何可能的问题的过程。一切都应达到清洁环境的目的，例如颜色、形状、各种物品的布局、照明、通风、陈列架和个人卫生。如果工作环境变得清新明亮，可以给客户带来良好的氛围。TextExplanationPurpose:Self-disciplineisaprocessforemployeestodevelopgoodawarenessandgoodhabitsthroughtrainingandthenbecomeproud.Self-disciplineformstheculturalfoundation,whichi

23、sthemostbasicrequirementforensuringharmonywiththesociety.Self-disciplineisthetraininginthestudyofrulesandregulations.Throughsuchtraining,thetraineescanlearntorespectothersandmakeothersfeelcomfortable.译文：目的：自律是员工培养良好意识和良好习惯的过程，通过培训然后变得自豪。自律形成了文化基础，这是确保与社会和谐的最基本要求。自律是规则和法规研究的培训。通过这种培训，学员可以学会尊重他人，让别人感到

24、舒适。请指出图1-24所示工具的中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage4BrakingsystemTextExplanationDonotusekerosene,thinnersorsolventstowashtheskin.Theyremovetheskinsnaturalprotectiveoilsandcancausedrynessandirritationorhaveserioustoxiceffects.Donotoverusewaterlesshandcleaners,soapsordetergents,astheycanremovetheskinsprotectivebarri

25、eroils.译文：不要使用煤油、稀释剂或溶剂清洗皮肤。它们可去除皮肤的天然保护油，可引起干燥和刺激，或产生严重的毒性作用。不要过度使用无水洗手液，肥皂或洗涤剂，因为它们可以去除皮肤的保护性阻隔油。TextExplanationTheeffectofprolongedcontactfromheavilysoiledoverallswiththeskincanbecumulativeandlifethreatening.Ifthesolventsarebecomeflammablefromtheeffectofbodytemperature,asparkfromweldingorgrinding

26、couldenvelopthewearerinflameswithdisastrousconsequences.译文：严重污染的工作服与皮肤长时间接触的影响可能是累积性的，并且会危及生命。如果因为体温的影响而变得易燃，则焊接或磨削产生的火花可能会使穿着者陷入火焰并带来灾难性的后果。TextExplanationRemembertoapplythefireextinguisherfirstofall.Properprocessingwithintensofsecondsjustafterthefirestartedplaysanextremelycrucialroleinchangingdang

27、eroflifeandpropertyintosafety.Ifthefirebecomesstronganditisestimatedthatitisburningoutofcontrol,theevacuationshouldbeorganizedandthe119professionalfirebrigadeshouldbecalled.译文：记得首先使用灭火器。火灾发生后几十秒内的适当处理对于将生命和财产危险转化为安全起着至关重要的作用。如果火势变得强烈并且估计它正在燃烧失控，则应组织撤离并召集119专业消防队。PartIISkillTrainingCircuitIdentificat

28、ionExplainthecontentsindicatedbyAtoKinthefollowingToyotacircuitdiagrams.PartIIIExercisesExercise1：TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChineseorEnglish.1.Front-engine,front-wheeldrive2.承载式车身3.SUV4.梯形车架5.frontbumper6.发动机舱盖7.Differential8.电击9.safetyshoes10.护目镜PartIIIExercisesExercise2：Markthefollowingstate

29、mentswithT（True）orF（False）accordingtothepassage.()1.Themaindifferencewithrear-wheeldriveisthatanextragearboxknownasatransferboxisneededtolinkthefront-andrear-wheeldrive.()2.The5SactivityoriginatedinGermanyisanexcellenton-sitemanagementtechnology.()3.Wearingsandalsorathleticshoescanalsoeasilyresultin

30、personalinjuriesduetoaccidentallyfallingobjects.()4.Electricshockcanresultfromtheuseoffaultyandpoorlymaintainedelectricalequipmentormisuseofequipment.()5.Ifscalded,besuretocalladoctorassoonaspossible.PartIIIExercisesExercise3：TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Inaword,acarcanbedividedintodiff

31、erentcategoriesaccordingtodifferentcriteria.Weneedtounderstandthestructureofthecar,familiarwiththeprincipleofthecomponents,cancarryoutcomprehensivemaintenanceandrepairofthecar.Whenitcomestocarmaintenance,itsimportanttoadheretothe5Sconcept,andpayattentiontotheoperationdetailsofmanyequipmentandtools.P

32、artIVListeningandSpeakingBuyaCarDialogue1A:Hello,sir!IamLiMing.Hereismynamecard.WhatcanIdoforyoutoday?B:Iamlookingforacar.A:Youarecomingtotherightplace.Wearethebiggestdealerandweoffersomethingbig.WhatshouldIcallyou,sir?B:Wongismysurname.A:Thankyou,Mr.Wong.Wouldyoupleasetakeaseathereandwecantalkovert

33、ofindoutthebestcarforyou?B:Thankyou!A:Hereisourbrochure,andyoumaybrowsethroughit.Wearegivingspecialofferstomanyinit.B:Thatsgreat.A:Mr.Wong,whatkindofcardoyouwant?B:Weneedacarwithmoreroom.MywifeandIareabouttohaveababy.A:Congratulations!Doyouprefersomecertaintype?B:IdliketocheckoutSUV.A:MayIaskhowmuch

34、isyourbudget?B:About250thousandYUAN.A:Notaproblemsir.WehaveanicebrandnewAudiQ3SUVoverhere.Itsofreallytechysavvy.Thestickerpriceis250thousandYUAN.Itisjusttheoneforyou.B:Anygifts?PartIVListeningandSpeakingA:Yes.Youmaygetasetofseatcoversorasetoffloormatsforfree.Whichonedoyouprefer?B:Both.MayIhaveboth?A

35、:O.K.Bothareyours.Hopeyoulikewhatweofferandthatyouwilllovetorecommendus.B:Thankyou.Iwilliftheyareindeednice.Dialogue2A:Howdoyoulikethiscar,Mr.Wong?Itisreallyniceanditjustasksfor$30,000.B:HondaPilot.IactuallywaslookingforaHondaPilot.IwentonlinelastnighttocheckoutthebluebookvalueonnewPilots.ThepriceIs

36、awwas$27,000.Whyisyourpricehigher?A:Wellsir,differencepricegoeswithdifferentfeatures.Atthiscardealershipweofferafreebumpertobumperwarrantyandwehaveverycheapextendedwarranties.B:Thatsgreat,buteverycardealershipoffersthat.Imnotgoingtopaythestickerpriceforthiscar.Iwillpaythebluebookvalueof$27,000.A:Ica

37、ntofferyouthatprice.Whatabout$29,000?B:No.Illpay$27,000orIllgosomewhereelsethatchargesafairprice.Dontyouwantmybusiness?PartIVListeningandSpeakingA:Wedowantyourbusinesssir.LetmetalktomymanagerandseewhatIcando.Givemefiveminutes.A:Sir,Italkedtomymanagerandhesaidthattherearesomefactorytodealerincentives

38、thatIdidntknowabout.Icangetthepricedownto$28,000.Wouldthatworkforyou?B:No.Areyounotlisteningtome?Iwillpaythecorrectprice,whichis$27,000.Whatdoyousay?Iftheanswerisno,Iwanttogettoanotherdealershipbeforeitgetstoolate.A:OK.Iwillsellthecartoyouforthatprice.Wewouldliketohaveyourbusiness.B:Great.Illtakethe

39、car,butdontevenattempttoripmeoffonthefinancingplan.Ididmyresearchonthattoo.Letsgetthisoverwith.A:Sure.Trustme.Willyoupaywithfullpaymentorbyinstallments?Customer:Full.B:Nice.Justamoment.Iwillworkoutapurchaseschemeforyou.Mr.Wong,youaregoingtotakePilotModelLX(1.5L)at$27,000.Whenaddedwith$2,500forpurcha

40、setaxand$500forlicensingservice,itisexactly$30,000.A:Gotit.Thankyou!B:Thankyou!Nowletsfilloutthepaperwork. Thank you！2024/7/30汽车专业英语全国交通运输职业教育高职汽车运用与维修技术专业规划教材全国交通运输职业教育高职汽车运用与维修技术专业规划教材 2024/7/30OverviewofVehicleMaintenanceEngineChassisElectroniccontrolsystemAutomotiveElectricalEquipmentModule1Modu

41、le2Module3Module4Module5Module6Module7Module8SafetyandComfortSystemNewEnergyVehiclesSmartVehicleModule2EngineReadingMaterialsSkillTrainingExercisesListeningandSpeakingPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPassage1Crank-linkmechanismPassage2ValvemechanismPassage3LubricationsystemPassage4Coolingsystem请指出图2-1所示发动机曲柄

42、连杆机构部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage1Crank-linkmechanismTextExplanationThecrankandconnectingrodmechanismisthemainmechanismofareciprocatingenginefortransformingthermalenergyintomechanicalenergy.Ittransformsthereciprocatinglinearmotionofthepistonunderactionofpressureintothecircularmotionofthecrankshafttodeliver

43、powertotheexternalcomponents.译文：曲柄连杆机构是往复活塞式发动机将热能转换为机械能的主要机构，其功用是将燃气作用在活塞顶上的压力转变为曲轴旋转运动而对外输出动力。TextExplanationCrankandconnectingrodmechanismconsistsofthepistonandconnectingrodgroupandthecrankshaftandflywheelgroup.Thepistonandconnectingrodgroupincludesmainlythepiston,pistonrings,pistonpin,andconnect

44、ingrod.Thecrankshaftandflywheelgroupincludesmainlythecrankshaft,flywheel,pulley,andtiminggear.译文：曲柄连杆机构由活塞连杆组和曲轴飞轮组两部分组成。活塞连杆组主要包括活塞、活塞环、活塞销、连杆等零部件。曲轴飞轮组包括曲轴、飞轮、带轮、正时齿轮等零部件。TextExplanation.Whentheengineisrunning,thepressureofgasesproducedfromfuelburningisdirectlyappliedtothepistoncrown.Thepistonishe

45、ncedriventoreciprocatealongastraightline.Thepowerappliedbythepistonisdeliveredviathepistonpinandtheconnectingrodtothecrankshaft.Thereciprocatinglinearmotionofthepistonistransformedintothecircularmotionofthecrankshaft.Largeportionofthepowerproducedbytheengineisdeliveredtothedrivelineviatheflywheelins

46、talledattherearendofthecrankshaft.Thepoweristhendeliveredtothedrivewheelsofthevehicle,viathedriveline.Anotherportionofthepowerproducedbytheengineisusedtodrivetheaccessoriesoftheengineitselfandothersystems,viathegearandthepulleyinstalledatthefrontendofthecrankshaft.TextExplanation译文：发动机工作过程中，燃料燃烧产生的气

47、体压力直接作用在活塞顶上，推动活塞作往复直线运动。活塞作用力经活塞销、连杆传给曲轴，将活塞的往复运动转换为曲轴的旋转运动。发动机产生的动力大部分由曲轴后端的飞轮传给底盘的传动系统，再经过传动系统传给汽车的驱动轮；还有一部分动力通过曲轴前端的齿轮和带轮驱动发动机自身的其他机构和系统。请指出图2-2所示发动机配气机构部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage2ValvemechanismTextExplanationThevalvemechanismclosesandopenstheintakevalvesandexhaustvalvesaccordingtothefiringorderofth

48、ecylinders,sothatfreshair-fuelmixture(inthecaseofagasolineengine)orair(inthecaseofadieselengine)cantimelyenterthecylinders,andwastegasesresultingfromcombustioncantimelygooutofthecylinders.译文：配气机构的功用是按照发动机各缸的工作循环和做功次序，定时地将各个气缸的进、排气门开启和关闭，以便使新鲜的可燃混合气（汽油机）或空气（柴油机）及时进入气缸，并将各气缸中燃烧后的废气及时排出。TextExplanation

49、Thevalvemechanismconsistsofthevalvegroupandthevalvetraingroup.Thevalvegroupincludesmainlythevalves(intakevalvesandexhaustvalves),valvesprings,valveseats,andvalveguides.Thevalvetraingroupincludemainlythecamshafts,timingpulleys(orgear,orsprocket),timingbelt(ortimingchain),andvalvetappets.译文：配气机构由气门组和气

50、门传动组两部分组成。气门组包括气门（进气门、排气门）、气门弹簧、气门座、气门导管等零部件。气门传动组包括凸轮轴、正时带轮（或齿轮、链轮）、正时带（或正时链条）、气门挺柱等零部件。TextExplanationThetimingpulleysofthecamshaftsaredrivenbythetimingpulleyofthecrankshaft,viathetimingbelt.Thevalvesub-assembliesaredriven,viathevalvetappets,bythetimingpulleysofthecamshafts.Duetothespecialprofilea

51、ndarrangementofthecamsonthecamshafts,theintakeandexhaustvalvesareopenedandclosedaccuratelyingoodtime,withthegaschangeofthecylindersaccomplished.译文：发动机工作过程中，曲轴正时带轮通过正时带驱动凸轮轴正时带轮转动，并通过气门挺柱驱动气门组件，利用凸轮轴上的凸轮的特殊形状和分布形式，适时准确地打开和关闭进、排气门，实现气缸内气体顺利换气的目的。请指出图2-3所示发动机润滑系统部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage3Lubricationsystem

52、TextExplanationWhentheengineworks,manypartsmoverelativelywithotherpartsinasmall room, such as the main journal of the crankshaft and the mainbearing; the rod journal and the rod bearing; piston, piston ring andcylinder wall; the camshaft and camshaft bearing etc.If the surfaces ofthesepartsarenotlub

53、ricated,severefrictionhappensandexpeditestheparts wear and finally makes it impossible for the engine to run.Sothelubricationsystemisimportanttoguaranteealongoperationoftheengine.译文：发动机工作时，很多零件都是在很小的间隙下与另一个零件作相对运动，如曲轴主轴颈与主轴承，连杆轴颈与连杆轴承，活塞、活塞环与气缸壁，凸轮轴与凸轮轴轴承等。如果没有对这些零件表面进行润滑，必然会产生强烈的摩擦，加速磨损，最终导致发动机无法运转

54、。因此，润滑系统是保证发动机能长期正常运转的重要系统。TextExplanationThefunctionofthelubricationsystemistocontinuouslydeliveradequatecleanoilinrighttemperaturetothefrictionsurfacesofallmovingparts,andtoformtheoilfilmbetweenthefrictionsurfacesforliquidfriction,soasto reduce the friction resistance, power consumption and parts

55、wear toimprovetheenginesreliabilityanddurability.Italsohelpsincoolingandcleaningofenginepartsastheoilcirculates.译文：润滑系统的功用是在发动机工作时连续不断地把数量足够、温度适当的洁净机油输送到全部运动件的摩擦表面，并在摩擦表面之间形成油膜，实现液体摩擦，从而减小摩擦阻力、降低功率消耗、减轻机件磨损，以达到提高发动机工作可靠性和耐久性的目的。TextExplanationThe lubrication system of gasoline engine is normally com

56、posed of oilpump, suction filter, filter cleaner, pressure-limiting valve, by-pass valveandoilpipelineetc.andsomehaveoilcoolertoo.译文：汽油机润滑系统一般由机油泵、集滤器、机油滤清器、限压阀、旁通阀和机油管道等组成，有些汽油机润滑系统中还设有机油冷却器。TextExplanationWhentheengineruns,theoilpumpsucksintheengineoilfromtheoilpanthrough the suction filter which

57、prevents the entry of big mechanicalimpuritiesintotheoilpumpandlubricatingcircuit.Theengineoilpumpedoutflowsthroughthefiltercleanerintothemainoilpassageofthecylinderandthenthroughthetransverseoilpassageinthecrankcaseintothemainjournal of the crankshaft. Then it flows from the main journal, passesthr

58、oughtheslantingoilpassageinthecrankshaft,andthenenterstherodjournal where a little portion of the engine oil sprays to the piston andcylinderwalltolubricatethemthroughtheorificeonthebigendoftherod.Andsomeoftheengineoilflowstotheoilpassageonthecylindercoverthroughtheoilpassageonthecylinderbodyandthen

59、entersthecamshaftbearingtolubricatethejournalofthecamshaftbearing.Furthermore, the lubricating oil flows also through relevant oilpassageororificetothetimingchainanditsautomatictensioner(whentheenginewithtimechaindistributionmechanismisused),camsurfaceofthecamshaft,hydraulictappet(whentheenginewithh

60、ydraulictappetisused)andsoontolubricateorworkastheservicefluidforthehydraulicparts.TextExplanation译文：当发动机工作时，机油泵将油底壳中的机油经集滤器吸入，集滤器可防止大的机械杂质进入机油泵和润滑油路中。被机油泵压出的机油经机油滤清器过滤后流入缸体上的主油道中，并通过曲轴箱中的横向油道进入曲轴主轴颈，再通过曲轴中的斜向油道从主轴颈处流向连杆轴颈，进入连杆轴颈中的小部分机油通过连杆大头上的机油喷孔喷向活塞和气缸壁，以润滑活塞和气缸。另有一部分机油经缸体上的油道到达气缸盖油道，进入凸轮轴轴承，润滑凸轮

61、轴轴颈。此外，润滑油还经过相关的油道或喷嘴到达正时链条和正时链条自动张紧器（使用正时链条配气机构的发动机）、凸轮轴的凸轮表面、液力挺柱（使用液力挺柱的发动机）等，执行润滑任务或作为液压部件的工作介质。请指出图2-4所示发动机冷却系统部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage4Coolingsystem1234567812345678TextExplanationThefunctionofthecoolingsystemistomaketheenginegetnormalworkingtemperature as quickly as possible and stay at the best

62、 workingtemperatureinthewholeworkingprocess.译文：冷却系统的功用就是使发动机尽快地达到正常的工作温度，并使发动机在工作过程中始终处于最佳的工作温度范围内。TextExplanationTheengineshouldbecooleddowntotherightextent.Withundercooling,theengineisoverheatedtoleadtothedecreaseoftheintakeefficiencyandahighertendencyofresignationandconflagration,whichcausestheen

63、ginepowerreduction;overheatedenginealsoreducestheclearancebetweenthemovingpartsoftheengine,makingthepartsunabletomovenormallyor even stuck or broken; whats more, overheating also decreases thelubricatingoilviscosityandmakestheoilfilmbreakeasily,intensifyingtheparts wear. And also fuel consumption in

64、creases due to prematurecombustion.译文：发动机冷却要适度。若冷却不足，会使发动机过热，从而造成充气效率下降，早燃和爆燃倾向加大，致使发动机功率下降；过热还会使发动机运动零件间的间隙变小，导致零件不能正常运动，甚至卡死、损坏；或使零件因强度下降而导致变形和损坏；同时，过热还会使润滑油黏度减小，润滑油膜易破裂而使零件磨损加剧。TextExplanationWith over cooling, the engine is too cold and the mixed gas or the airenteringthecylinderhasatoolowtemper

65、atureandishardtoignite,leadingto the reduction of the engine power and the increase of the oilconsumption.Thelubricatingoilhasahigherviscositytoo,weakeningthelubricationandincreasingthepartswear.Furthermore,thefueloilwhichisnotclassifieryetduetothelowtemperatureshallwashagainsttheoilfilmonthefrictio

66、nsurfacesofthecylinderandpistonetc.Andasthemixedgascontactsthecoolercylinderwall,theclassifierfueloilshallcondenseagainand flow into the crankcase, which shall not only increase the oilconsumptionbutalsomaketheoilthinandaffectthelubrication,decreasingtheenginepowerandintensifyingthepartswear.译文：若冷却过

67、度，会使发动机过冷，导致进入气缸的混合气或空气温度低而难以点燃混合气，造成发动机功率下降、油耗上升。还会使润滑油黏度增大，造成润滑不良而加剧零件磨损。此外，因温度低而未气化的燃油会冲刷气缸、活塞等摩擦表面上的油膜，同时因混合气与温度较低的气缸壁接触，使其中原已汽化的燃油又重新凝结而流入曲轴箱内，不仅增加了油耗，而且使机油变稀而影响润滑，从而导致发动机功率下降，磨损加剧。TextExplanationThe water-cooled cooling system uses water (or cooling liquid) as thecoolant.Theheatfromtheheateden

68、ginepartsistransferredtothecoolantfirstandthendissipatestotheairthroughtheradiator.Theengineadoptingthe water-cooled cooling system is also called water-cooled engine. Itscoolingsystemincludesradiator,waterpump,fan,coolingwaterjacketandthermostatetc.Waterpumpisusedinthissystemtoforcethecoolanttocirc

69、ulateinthesystemtodissipatetheheat.译文：水冷式冷却系统是以水（或冷却液）为冷却介质，先将发动机受热零件的热量传给冷却液，再通过散热器散发到大气中去。采用水冷式冷却系统的发动机也称为水冷式发动机。其冷却系统由散热器、水泵、风扇、冷却水套和节温器等组成（见图2-4），利用水泵强制冷却液在冷却系统中进行循环流动而达到散热的目的。TextExplanationBoththecylindercoverandthecylinderbodyofthewater-cooledenginehave inside the castled water jacket mutuall

70、y connected.With the pumpfunction,thecoolingwaterintheradiatorispressedandflowsthroughtheinletonthecylinderbodyintotheengine,andthenthroughthewaterjacketinthecylinderbodyandcovertoabsorbheatandreturnsafterwardsfromtheoutletonthecylindercovertotheradiatoralongthewaterchannel.Dueto the auto speed and

71、the powerful suction by the fan, the air passesthroughtheradiatoratahighspeedfromthefronttotherear.So,whentheheated cooling water flows through the radiator core, heat dissipatesconstantlyintotheair. Thecooledwaterflowstotheradiatorbottomandthenispumpedoutandpressedintothewaterjacketoftheengineandcy

72、clesrepeatedlyinthisway.Theheatiscontinuouslytransportedtotheairtocooldowntheenginetoguaranteethenormaloperationoftheengine.TextExplanation水冷式发动机的气缸盖和气缸体中都铸有相互连通的水套。在水泵的作用下，散热器内的冷却水被加压后通过气缸体进水孔进入发动机，流经气缸体及缸盖的水套而吸收热量，然后从气缸盖的出水口沿水管流回散热器。由于汽车行驶的速度及风扇的强力抽吸，空气由前向后高速通过散热器。因此，受热后的冷却水在流过散热器芯的过程中，热量不断地散发到大气中

73、去，冷却后的水流到散热器的底部，又被水泵抽出，再次压送到发动机的水套中，如此不断循环，把热量不断地送到大气中去，使发动机不断地得到冷却，从而保证发动机正常工作。PartIISkillTrainingReadthecircuitdiagramofVIOSsengineECUandanswerthefollowingtwoquestions.1.WhatarethemainfunctionsofECU?2.WhatarethemainsensorsandactuatorsofthecircuitdiagramofVIOS?。PartIIIExercisesExercise1：Translateth

74、efollowingphrasesintoChineseorEnglish.1.crankshaft2.凸轮轴3.cylinder4.活塞环5.journal6.连杆7.valveseat8.润滑系统9.thermostat10.飞轮PartIIIExercisesExercise2：MarkthefollowingstatementswithT（True）orF（False）accordingtothepassage.()1.Accordingtothepassagecrankandconnectingrodmechanismconsistsofthepistonandconnectingr

75、odgroupandthecrankshaftandflywheelgroup.()2.Thevalvesonthecylinderheadareusedtoopentheintakeandexhaustportsofeachcylinder.()3.Lubricationsystemcancontinuouslydeliveradequatecleanfuelinrighttemperaturetothefrictionsurfacesofallmovingparts.()4.Whentheheatedcoolingwaterflowsthroughtheradiatorcore,heatd

76、issipatesconstantlyintotheair.()5.Generally,anautomotiveengineconsistsoftwomechanismsandfivesystems.PartIIIExercisesExercise3：TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Generally,anautomotiveengineconsistsofthefollowingmechanismsandsystems:enginebody,crankandconnectingrodmechanism,valvemechanism,lubr

77、icationsystem,coolingsystem,fuelsystem,ignitionsystem,andstartingsystem.Furthermore,amodernengineisequippedwiththeemissioncontrolunit,andasuperchargedengineisequippedwiththesuperchargingsystem.PartIVListeningandSpeakingPurchaseInsuranceA:Whatkindofcarinsurancedoyouhave?B:IwentwiththePICC.A:Whydidyou

78、choosethatcompany?B:IlookedatthepriceofthetypeofinsurancethatIwanted.A:WhatshouldIthinkaboutinchoosingservices?B:Therearewebsitesthatwillfigureoutwhatcoverageisrightforyou.A:Whatdidyouendupbuying?B:Well,mycarisveryold,soIdidntworrysomuchaboutwhatitwouldcosttorepairit.Ididbuyalotofcoverageforfixingso

79、meoneelsescar.A:Haveyoueverhadtouseyourinsurance?B:Iwasinanaccident,butitwastheotherpersonsfaultandtheirinsurancecoveredit. Thank you！2024/7/30汽车专业英语全国交通运输职业教育高职汽车运用与维修技术专业规划教材全国交通运输职业教育高职汽车运用与维修技术专业规划教材 2024/7/30OverviewofVehicleMaintenanceEngineChassisElectroniccontrolsystemAutomotiveElectricalEqu

80、ipmentModule1Module2Module3Module4Module5Module6Module7Module8SafetyandComfortSystemNewEnergyVehiclesSmartVehicleModule3ChassisReadingMaterialsSkillTrainingExercisesListeningandSpeakingPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPassage1ClutchPassage2AutomatictransmissionPassage3RunningsystemPassage4Brakingsystem请指出图3-

81、1所示离合器机构部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage1ClutchTextExplanationTheclutchisanintegralpartofthedriveline.ItisusuallymountedattherearendofthecrankshaftandtheflywheeloftheenginetodisengageorengagepowertransmissionbetweentheengineandtheMT.译文：离合器是汽车传动系的组成部件，它通常装在发动机曲轴与飞轮的后端，用来分离或结合发动机和手动变速器之间的动力传递。TextExplanationThe

82、drivenpartoftheclutchisthedrivenplate,alsocalledclutchfrictiondisk.Whentheclutchisnormallyengaged,thefrictionliningsonbothsidesofthedrivenplatecomeintocontactwiththeflywheelandthepressureplaterespectively.Thetorqueoftheengineistransmittedtothedrivenplatebythefrictionbetweenthecontactsurfacesofthefly

83、wheel,thepressureplateandthedrivenplate.译文：离合器的从动部分即为从动盘，又称为离合器摩擦片，离合器正常接合时，从动盘两面的摩擦衬片分别与飞轮和压盘相接触，发动机的转矩即靠飞轮、压盘与从动盘接触面之间的摩擦作用而传到从动盘上。TextExplanationThepressingdeviceiscomposedofseveralcoilpressurespringsoradiaphragmspringuniformlyarrangedalongthecircumference,whichareinstalledbetweenthepressureplate

84、andtheclutchcovertopressthepressureplateandthedrivenplatetightlyagainsttheflywheel.译文：压紧机构由若干根沿圆周均匀布置的压紧弹簧或一个膜片弹簧组成，它们装在压盘与离合器盖之间，用来将压盘和从动盘压向飞轮，使飞轮、从动盘和压盘三者压紧在一起。TextExplanationIftheclutchisengaged,thepressurespringpressestightlytheflywheel,thedrivenplateandthepressureplatetogether.Thetorqueoftheeng

85、ineistransmittedtothedrivenplatethroughthefrictionsurfacesofthedrivenplatethroughtheflywheelandthepressureplate,andtotheinputshaftofthetransmissionbythesplinehubinthemiddleofthedrivenplate.Themaximumtorquethattheclutchcantransmitdependsonthecontactpressureandcoefficientoffrictionbetweenthefrictionsu

86、rfaces,aswellasthenumberandsizeofthefrictionsurfaces.译文：离合器在接合状态下，压紧弹簧将飞轮、从动盘和压盘三者紧压在一起，发动机的转矩经过飞轮及压盘通过从动盘两摩擦面作用传递给从动盘，再由从动盘中间的花键毂传给变速器的输入轴。离合器所能传递的最大转矩的数值取决于摩擦面间的压紧力和摩擦系数，以及摩擦面的数目和尺寸。TextExplanationDepressingtheclutchpedaldisengagestheclutch.Boththereleasesleeveandthereleasebearingaredrivenbytherel

87、easeforktoeliminatethegapbetweenthereleasebearingandthereleaselever,andthentheinnerendofthereleaseleverismovedforwarduntilitsouterenddrivesthepressureplatetoovercomethespringforcetomovebackward.Atthemoment,thedrivenplateuncouplestheflywheel,sothatthefrictiontorquedisappears,thusthepowertransmissioni

88、sinterrupted.译文：欲使离合器分离，只需驾驶者踩下离合器踏板，分离套筒和分离轴承在分离叉的推动下，先消除分离轴承与分离杠杆之间的分离间隙，然后推动分离杠杆内端前移，使分离杠杆外端带动压盘克服弹簧作用力后移，此时从动盘与飞轮分离，摩擦力矩消失，从而中断了动力传递。请指出图3-2所示变速器机构部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage2AutomatictransmissionTextExplanationAnautomatictransmissionisatypeofmotorvehicletransmissionthatcanautomaticallychangegearrati

89、osasthevehiclemoves,Eliminatesdriversfatigueofshiftinggearsmanually.Likeothertransmissionsystemsonvehicles,itallowsaninternalcombustionengine,bestsuitedtorunatarelativelyhighrotationalspeed,toprovidearangeofspeedandtorqueoutputsnecessaryforvehiculartravel.译文：自动变速箱是一种汽车变速箱，它可以在车辆行驶时自动改变齿轮比，使驾驶员不必手动换挡

90、。与汽车上的其他传动系统一样，它允许一个最适合以较高转速运行的内燃机，提供车辆行驶所需的速度和扭矩输出范围。TextExplanationThemostpopularformfoundinautomobilesisthehydraulicautomatictransmission.Thissystemusesafluidcouplinginplaceofafrictionclutch,andaccomplishesgearchangesbyhydraulicallylockingandunlockingasystemofplanetarygears.Themaincomponentsofthe

91、automatictransmissionareshowninFig.3-2.Somemachineswithlimitedspeedrangesorfixedenginespeeds,onlyuseatorqueconvertertoprovideavariablegearingoftheenginetothewheels.译文：汽车中最常见的形式是液压自动变速器。该系统采用液力变矩器代替摩擦离合器，通过液压锁定和解锁行星齿轮系统来实现齿轮的更换。自动变速器的主要部件如图3-2所示。有些机器的速度范围有限或发动机转速固定，只使用扭矩转换器提供一个可变齿轮的发动机到车轮。TextExplana

92、tionAtorqueconverterismadeofthreeparts:Theimpellerislocatedatthetransmissionend,attachedtothehousing,andisdrivenbytheengine.Theturbineislocatedattheenginesideandisdrivenbythefluidflowfromtheimpelleranddrivestheinputshaftofthetransmission.Thestatorredirectstheflowtoimproveefficiencyandmultiplytorque.

93、译文：变矩器由三部分组成：叶轮位于传动端，附着在壳体上，由发动机驱动。涡轮位于发动机一侧，由来自叶轮的流体驱动，驱动传动的输入轴。导轮改变液体流向，提高效率和加倍扭矩。TextExplanationToeffectgearchanges,oneoftwotypesofclutchesorbandsareusedtoholdaparticularmemberoftheplanetarygearsetmotionless,whileallowinganothermembertorotate,therebytransmittingtorqueandproducinggearreductionsoro

94、verdriveratios.Theseclutchesareactuatedbythevalvebody(seebelow),theirsequencecontrolledbythetransmissionsinternalprogramming.译文：为了使齿轮发生变化，两种离合器或带中的一种用来保持行星齿轮组中的某一特定部件不动，同时允许另一部件旋转，从而传递扭矩并产生齿轮减速器或超速比。这些离合器由阀体驱动，它们的顺序由变速器的内部程序控制。TextExplanationAutomatictransmissioninputsparameterssuchastheenginespeed,

95、throttleposition,vehiclespeed,enginewatertemperature,ATFoiltemperaturetotheECUthroughavarietyofsensors.ECUanalyzes,calculatesandprocessesbasedonthesesignals,andtheninaccordancewiththesetshiftlaw,issuesactioncontrolsignalstotheshiftsolenoidvalve,oilpressuresolenoidvalve.Shiftsolenoidvalveandoilpressu

96、resolenoidvalvethenmanipulatetheECUactioncontrolsignalsintohydrauliccontrolsignalstocontroltheactionofthevariousshiftactuatorsinthevalveplate,andthusachieveautomaticshiftingprocess.译文：自动变速器通过各种传感器将发动机转速、节流口、车速、发动机水温、ATF油温等参数输入ECU。ECU根据这些信号进行分析、计算和处理，然后根据设定的位移规律，向位移电磁阀、油压电磁阀发出动作控制信号。换挡电磁阀与油压电磁阀将ECU动作

97、控制信号转换为液压控制信号，控制阀板内各换挡执行机构的动作，从而实现自动换挡过程。TextExplanationTheshiftcontrolmechanismoftheautomatictransmissionisamanualselectionvalveoperatingmechanism.Thedriverchangesthepositionofthemanualvalveinthevalveplatethroughthehandleoftheautomatictransmission.Thecontrolsystemusestheautomatichydrauliccontrolpri

98、ncipleortheelectronicautomaticcontrolprincipleaccordingtothepositionofthemanualvalve,thethrottleposition,thevehiclespeed,andthestateofthecontrolswitchtocontroltheoperationofgearshiftingactuatorinthegeartransmissionaccordingtocertainlaws,soastoachieveautomaticgearshifting.译文：自动变速器的换档控制机构为手动选择阀门的操作机构。

99、驾驶员通过自动变速箱手柄改变手动阀在阀板上的位置。控制系统采用自动液压控制原理或电子自动控制原理根据手动阀的位置，油门开度、车辆速度、和控制开关的状态来控制换档执行机构的操作按照一定的法律，在齿轮传动，实现自动换档。请指出图3-3所示行驶系机构部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage3RunningsystemTextExplanationModerncarsapplyintegralbody,whichtakesthevehiclebodyastheframeaswell,andallpartsandassembliesoftheautomobileareinstalledontheve

100、hiclebody,andthevehiclebodyshallbearfunctionsofvariousloads,therefore,suchvehiclebodybecomesanintegralbody,whichiswidelyusedincarsandpassengercars.译文：现代轿车采用的是承载式车身，承载式车身是用车身兼做车架，汽车的所有零部件、总成都安装在车身上，车身要承受各种载荷的作用，因而这种车身又成为承载式车身，广泛用于轿车和客车。TextExplanationTheshockabsorberisusedforreducingvibrationoftheveh

101、iclebody,attenuatingthevibrationamplituderapidly,andmaintainingcontactbetweenthewheelsandtheground,soastoimprovetheridecomfortandhandlingstabilityoftheautomobile.译文：减振器用于衰减车身的振动，使振动的振幅迅速衰减，并保持车轮与地面间的接触，以提高汽车的乘坐舒适性和操纵稳定性。TextExplanationWhentheframeandtheaxlesmakereciprocatingrelativemotions,theoilliq

102、uidintheshockabsorberflowsthroughthevalveopeningonthepistonrepeatedly,thusthethrottlingactionofthevalveopeningandtheinternalfrictionamongtheoilliquidmoleculesformthedampingforceforattenuatingthevibration,whichchangesthevibrationenergyintoheatenergytobeabsorbedbytheoilliquidandtheshockabsorberhousing

103、,andthenbedissipatedintotheair.译文：当车架与车桥做往复相对运动时，减振器中的油液反复流经活塞上的阀孔，阀孔的节流作用及油液分子间的内摩擦力便形成了衰减振动的阻尼力，使振动的能量转变为热能，并由油液和减振器壳体吸收，然后散到大气中。TextExplanationWhenthesuspensionsonbothsidesareofunequaldeformations,thevehiclebodyrunsoffthestraightagainsttheroadsurface,andatthistime,thetwistingmomentofthestabilizer

104、barplaysthefunctionofhinderingdeformationofthesuspensionspring,thusreducingthevehiclebodyssuspensionrollandlateralangularvibrations.译文：当两侧悬架变形不等，车身相对路面发生倾斜，稳定杆扭转力矩起了阻碍悬架弹簧的变形，从而减小车身的侧倾和侧向角振动。TextExplanationInordertoensurerunningsafetyoftheautomobile,thewheelassemblyofautomobilesofhighspeedsuchascars

105、,passengercars,etc.mustbeusedonlyafterdynamicwheelbalancingmeasurementandadjustment,andtherimedgesofsuchwheelsarealwaysclippedwithcounterbalanceweightsifnecessary.译文：为了保证汽车行驶的安全性，轿车、客车等车速较高的汽车车轮总成必须通过动平衡检测和调整后方可使用，这种车轮的轮辋边缘常常夹装有平衡块。请指出图3-4所示制动系机构部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage4BrakingsystemTextExplanationThe

106、parkingbrakeiscomposedofhandbrakelever,drivedeviceandparkingbrake.Itiscontrolledmechanically.Whenthebrakeisapplied,thehandbrakeleverispulledbythedriverthroughthecabletoallowtheparkingbraketofunction.Parkingbrakecanbeactivatedtogetherwithservicebrake.Thecontroldeviceusestheparkingbrakecableandthepark

107、ingbrakecontroldeviceintherearwheelbraketoapplytherearwheelbrake,whichactsasaparkingbrake.译文：驻车制动器由手制动杆、驱动装置和驻车制动器组成。它是机械控制的。当制动时，驾驶员通过电缆拉动手制动杆，使驻车制动器工作。停车制动可与使用制动一起启动。控制装置采用驻车制动索和后轮制动器中的驻车制动控制装置施加后轮制动器，起到驻车制动的作用。TextExplanationThebasiccompositionoftheservicebrakesystemisshownunderthisparagraph(Fig3

108、-4).Therotatingpartofthewheelbrakeisthebrakedrum(8),whichisfixedonthehubandconnectedwiththewheelandrotatestogetherwiththewheel.Thefixedpartisthebrakeshoe(10)andthebrakebaseplate(11)onwhichtherearetwosupportpins(12)supportingthelowerendsofthetwoarc-shapedbrakeshoes(10).Africtionplate(9)isrivetedonthe

109、outersurfaceofthebrakeshoe,andtheupperendistightenedagainstthepiston(7)inthewheelcylinder(6)withareturnspring.Boththesupportpinsandthewheelcylinderarefixedonthebrakebaseplate,andthebrakebaseplateisboltedtotheknuckleflange(frontaxle)ortheaxlehousingflange(rearaxle).Thewheelcylinder(6)isconnectedtothe

110、hydraulicbrakemastercylinder(4)mountedontheframewiththepipe(5).Themastercylinderspiston(3)isoperatedbythedriverbypressingthebrakepedal(1)topushthepushrod(2),andthebrakeshoesareopenedbytheoperatinghydraulicwheelcylindertogenerateabrakingtorque.TextExplanation译文：下图所示是鼓式制动器的基本组成，如图3-4。车轮制动器的旋转部分是制动鼓8，它

111、固定于轮毂上并与车轮连接，与车轮一起旋转。固定部分是制动蹄10和制动底板11，其上面有两个支承销12，支承着两个弧形制动蹄10的下端。制动蹄外圆面上铆有摩擦片9，上端用复位弹簧拉紧抵靠在轮缸6内的活塞7上。支承销和轮缸都固定在制动底板上，制动底板用螺钉与转向节凸缘（前桥）或桥壳凸缘（后桥）固定在一起。轮缸6用油管5与装在车架上的液压制动主缸4相通。主缸活塞3由驾驶员通过踩制动踏板1推动推杆2来操纵，制动蹄靠液压轮缸工作时张开而产生制动力矩。TextExplanationInadiscbrakewithcalipers,thefixedfrictionelementsareoneormorepa

112、irsofcaliperswithsmallfrictionliningsoneithersideofthedisc.Caliperdiscbrakeiswidelyusedincarsandlightdutyvehicles.Itsadvantagescontaingoodheatdissipation,lowthermaldecayandgoodthermalstability.Itismostsuitableforfront-wheelbrakesofcarswithhighrequirementsforbrakingperformance.Thisisbecausethebraking

113、forceofthefrontwheelsisrequiredtobelargeandtherearwheelsareoftenequippedwithdrumbrakes.译文：在钳盘式制动器中，固定的摩擦元件是位于制动盘两侧的一对或几对面积不大的带摩擦衬片的制动钳。钳盘式车轮制动器广泛地应用在轿车和轻型货车上。它的优点是散热良好，热衰退小，热稳定性好，最适于对制动性能要求较高的轿车前轮制动器，这是因为轿车前轮的制动力要求较大，后轮常选蹄鼓式制动器配合使用。PartIISkillTrainingReadthecircuitdiagramofAUDIA4(2009)sbrakelightswi

114、tchandanswerthefollowingtwoquestions.1.WhatarethemainfunctionsofeachECUs?2.Withinthebrakelightswitchwhyneed2differentswitches(onenormallyopenswitch,onenormallyclosedswitch)?PartIIIExercisesExercise1：TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChineseorEnglish.1.从动盘2.Pressureplate3.膜片弹簧4.Releasingbearing5.主缸6.Pe

115、daladjustbolt7.工作缸8.Pushrod9.单向离合器10.BrakedrumPartIIIExercisesExercise2：MarkthefollowingstatementswithT（True）orF（False）accordingtothepassage.()1.Theframeisastructuresimilartoabridgebetweenvariousaxles,anditistheinstallationbasisofthewholeautomobile.()2.Thetorqueconverteroftheautomatictransmissionisi

116、nstalledbetweentheflywheelandtheplanetarytransmissionmechanism.()3.ForanFFvehicle(frontengine,front-wheel-drive)equippedwithanmanualtransmission,thepowerdeliveryflowis:EngineClutchManualTransmissionPropellershaftDifferentialVehicleaxleWheel.()4.Thefunctionthattheautomobilesuspensioncouldrealizeischa

117、ngethepoweroftheengine.()5.Iftheboosterofthevehiclewithpowersteeringsystemfails,thevehiclecannotbeturned.PartIIIExercisesExercise3：TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Thevehiclechassisconsistsofadriveline,arunningsystem,asteeringsystemandabrakingsystem.Thedrivelineisusedtotransmitthepowerfromt

118、heenginetothedrivingwheels,sothattheroadsurfacegeneratesatractionforceonthedrivingwheelstopropelthevehicle.Therunningsystemisusedtointegratevariousassembliesandcomponentsofthevehicleintoonebodytosupporttheentirevehicleandensuredriving.PartIVListeningandSpeakingAfter-salesCallBackA:HelloMr.King,thisi

119、sMichaelfromJohnsonsGarage.HaveIcaughtyouinthemiddleofanything?B:Ah,goodmorning.AnythingIcandoforyou?A:ThepurposeofmycalliswewanttoknowhowyoulikeyournewHondaPilot.B:Everythinggoesquitewell.A:Thatsnice.AndIjusthaveacoupleofquestionsifyouhaveacoupleofminutestotalk.B:Goahead.A:Thanksalot.Areyousatisfie

120、dwiththequalityofthePilotyoubought?B:Yes.Itisgood.A:Thankyou.Andareyousatisfiedwiththeoverallperformanceofoursalesrepresentatives?B:Yes.Theyareniceandhelpful.A:Itissokindofyoutosayso.Isthereanythingmorewecandoforyouandhelpyouknowbetterofyourcar?B:No,noneforthemoment,thankyou!A:Thendoyouhaveanysugges

121、tionshowwecanimproveourservices?B:No.Staffinthegarageisveryeasytoworkwithandprofessional.A:Sogladtohearthat.Thankyousomuchforyourkindreplies.Haveagoodday,Mr.King.Youmaycallusorcometoourgarageanytimeyouhaveanyquestionsaboutthecar.B:Iwill.Bye.PartIVListeningandSpeakingAfter-salesCallBackA:Thanksforcal

122、lingJohnsonsGarage.ThisisMichael.HowmayIhelpyou?B:ThisisKarryKing.IeverboughtaHondaPilotfromyourgaragelastmonth.A:Ah,yes.Goodmorning,Mr.King.HowareyougoingonwiththePilot?B:Itrunssmoothlyoverall,butitmakessomenoisewhenitmakesturns.MaybeIshouldhaveitcheckedupatthegarage.A:Itisagoodidea.Whenwillitbecon

123、venientforyoutocomeby?Wecanmakeanappointment.B:IwillbefreethisFridayafternoon.A:O.K.Letmechecktheschedule.Theworkingfloorisavailableat2and4thisFridayafternoon.Whichhourwillberightforyou?B:2p.m.Ithink.A:Allright.Itisdone.Youwillcomeforthenoiseproblemat2p.m.thisFridayafternoon.Anditisaskedyoubeatourga

124、ragebetween1:45and2:15,ortheworkingfloormaybeoccupiedbysomecarelse.Pleasebringwithyouyourdriverslicenseandmaintenancemanual.IwillcallyouFridaymorningjusttomakesurethattimeisstillgoodforyou.B:Allright.Thankyou!A:ThanksagainandIlookforwardtoseeingyouFridayafternoonat2p.m.! Thank you！2024/7/30汽车专业英语全国交

125、通运输职业教育高职汽车运用与维修技术专业规划教材全国交通运输职业教育高职汽车运用与维修技术专业规划教材 2024/7/30OverviewofVehicleMaintenanceEngineChassisElectroniccontrolsystemAutomotiveElectricalEquipmentModule1Module2Module3Module4Module5Module6Module7Module8SafetyandComfortSystemNewEnergyVehiclesSmartVehicleModule4ElectroniccontrolsystemReadingMa

126、terialsSkillTrainingExercisesListeningandSpeakingPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPassage1ElectronicControlFuelInjectionPassage2ElectronicControlIgnitionPassage3Anti-lockBrakingSystemPassage4ElectricPowerSteeringSystem请指出图4-1所示电控燃油喷射系统的中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage1ElectronicControlFuelInjection图4-1TextExplanationEle

127、ctroniccontrolledfuelsystemsofgasolineenginesconsistmainlyofthegasolinetank,fuelpump,fuelfilter,fuelpipes(inletpipesandreturnpipes),fuelinjectors,andfuelpressureregulator.译文：汽油机电控燃油喷射系统主要由油箱、燃油泵、燃油滤清器、燃油管路(进油管和回油管)、喷油器和燃油压力调节器组成。TextExplanationFuelisdrawnfromthefueltankandpressurizedtoapproximately3

128、50kPabytheelectricfuelpump.Passingthroughthefuelfiltertoremoveimpurities,thepressurizedfuelflowstothefueldistributionpipelocatedabovetheengine.Thefuelinjectorisakindofsolenoidvalve,controlledbytheenginecontrolunit(ECU).Thepressurizedfuelisatomizedandsprayedintotheintakemanifoldtomixwithairinside.Dur

129、ingtheintakestroke,themixtureisintroducedintothecylinder.译文：燃油从油箱中抽出，由电动燃油泵增压至350kPa左右。增压后的燃油通过燃油过滤器清除杂质，流向位于发动机上方的燃油分配管道。喷油器是一种电磁阀，由发动机控制单元(ECU)控制。增压燃油被雾化并喷入进气歧管内与内部空气混合。在进气冲程中，混合物被引入气缸。TextExplanationAtoneendoftheimpellertypeelectricfuelpumpcasingisthefuelinlet,andthefueloutletisontheotherend.Ther

130、otor(impeller)onthesamesideastheoilinletisrotatedathighspeedsbythedirectcurrentmotorlocatedinthemiddleofthepumpcasing.译文：叶轮式电动燃油泵壳体的一端为燃油进口，另一端为燃油出口。与进油口同侧的转子(叶轮)由位于泵壳中部的直流电机高速旋转。TextExplanationThepurposeofafuelfilteristoremovedirtfromthefuel,asthedirtcanclogthefuelinjectors.Thefuelfilterisinstalled

131、inthefueldeliverypipedownstreamtotheelectricfuelpump，generallywithaservicelifemorethan40,000km.译文：燃油过滤器的目的是清除燃油中的污垢，因为污垢会堵塞喷油器。燃油过滤器安装在电动燃油泵下游的燃油输送管,一般使用寿命超过40000公里。TextExplanationFuelinjectorsareinstalledintheintakemanifoldandcontrolledbytheECU.Insidethefuelinjectorthereisasolenoidwhichisconnectedv

132、iaaharnesstotheECU.Andthefuelisatomizedthenmixeswithair.Duringtheintakestroke,theair-fuelmixtureisintroducedintothecylinder.译文：燃油喷射器安装在进气歧管中，由ECU控制。在喷油器内部有一个电磁阀，电磁阀通过线束与ECU连接。燃料被雾化然后和空气混合。进气冲程时，将空气-燃料混合物喷入气缸。TextExplanationThefuelpressureregulatorisadoptedtoadjustthefuelpressureinthefuelpipe,soastoe

133、nsurethatECUancontrolthefuelinjectionquantityaccuratelybycontrollingthelengthofthefuelinjectiontime.译文：采用燃油压力调节器来调节燃油管路中的燃油压力，通过控制燃油喷射时间的长短来保证ECU能够准确控制燃油喷射量。请指出图4-2所示电控点火系统的中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage2ElectronicControlIgnition图4-2TextExplanationTheelectronicallycontrolledignitionsystemismainlycomposedofvar

134、ioussensors,enginecomputer(ECU),ignitioncontrollers,ignitioncoils,andsparkplugs.Theelectronicallycontrolledignitionsystemaccuratelyobtainsvariousoperatingparametersoftheenginethroughvarioussensors,andpreciselycontrolstheignitionadvanceangle,sothattheengineundervariousoperatingconditionsandusagecondi

135、tionscanbeclosertothecorrespondingoptimalignitionadvanceangle.译文：电控点火系统主要由各种传感器、发动机电脑(ECU)、点火控制器、点火线圈、火花塞等组成。电控点火系统通过传感器精确获取发动机的各种工作参数，精确控制点火提前角，使发动机在各种工况和使用条件下都能更接近相应的最佳点火提前角。TextExplanationAnignitioncoil,theelementthattransformsthelowvoltageelectricityofthepowerintohighvoltageelectricity,canbeclas

136、sifiedto2types,namelyopenmagneticcircuitignitioncoilandclosedmagneticcircuitignitioncoil,asperthetypeofmagneticcircuitapplied.译文：点火线圈是将低压电能转化为高压电能的元件，根据所采用的磁路类型，可分为开磁路点火线圈和闭磁路点火线圈两种。TextExplanationSparkplug:itsroleistointroducehigh-voltageelectricityintothecombustionchamberofthecylindertoproducespar

137、kignitionmixture.Thesparkplugiscomposedofawiringnut(connectedtoahighvoltagecable),aninsulator,acenterelectrode,asealinggasket,ashell,asideelectrode,acenterelectrode,etc.译文：火花塞:其作用是将高压电引入气缸燃烧室，产生火花点火混合气。火花塞由接线螺母(连接高压电缆)、绝缘体、中心电极、密封垫片、壳体、侧电极、中心电极等组成。TextExplanationDistributorassemblyincludesbreakers,d

138、istributors,capacitors,andthesparkadvancemechanism.Theyareusedtosendthehighvoltagegeneratedbytheignitioncoiltothesparkplugofeachcylinderaccordingtotheirworkingorderoftheengine.译文：分电器总成包括断路器、分电器、电容器和点火提前机构。它们是根据发动机的工作顺序，将点火线圈产生的高压送入每个气缸的火花塞。请指出图4-3所示制动防抱死系统部件的中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage3Anti-lockBrakingSyst

139、em图4-3TextExplanationABSisasetofcontrolsystemaddedonthebasisofthetraditionalbrakingsystemtopreventthewheelfrombeinglockedwhenbraking.Itmainlyconsistsofsensor,ABSactuator,ABSelectriccontrolunitandABSwarninglight.译文：ABS是在传统制动系统的基础上增加的一套控制系统，以防止制动时车轮被抱死。主要由传感器、ABS执行机构、ABS电控单元和ABS警示灯组成。TextExplanationEa

140、chwheelisequippedwithawheelspeedsensor,whichinputsthespeedsignalsofeachwheeltotheelectroniccontrolunit(ECU)intime.ECUisthecontrolcenteroftheABS.Itmonitorsandjudgesthemotionstateofeachwheelaccordingtothesignalsinputtedbyeachwheelspeedsensor,andformsaresponsecontrolcommand.译文：每个车轮都装有车轮速度传感器，它将每个车轮的速度信

141、号及时输入电子控制单元(ECU)。ECU是ABS的控制中心，它根据每个车轮速度传感器输入的信号对每个车轮的运动状态进行监测和判断，形成响应控制命令。TextExplanationABSECUissuesacontrolcommandtothebrakepressureregulatorinduetime;Underdifferentroadattachmentconditions,4to10regulatingcyclespersecondarecarriedouttoensurethatthewheelsdonotlockduringbrakingandthatthewheelsliprat

142、eiswithinareasonablerange.译文：ABS控制电脑在适当的时候向制动压力调节器发出控制命令;在不同的路面附着条件下，每秒钟进行410次调节循环，确保制动时车轮不抱死，车轮滑移率在合理范围内。TextExplanationFunctionofwheelspeedsensor:detectwheelspeedandinputspeedsignalintoECU,suitableforslipratecontrolmethod.Atpresent,thewheelspeedsensorsusedinABSsystemmainlyincludeelectromagnetictyp

143、eandhalltype.译文：轮速传感器功能:检测轮速并将转速信号输入ECU，适用于滑速控制方法。目前ABS系统中使用的轮速传感器主要有电磁式和霍尔式两种。TextExplanationThebrakepressureregulatorautomaticallyadjuststhebrakepressureofthewheelbrakesviasolenoidvalvesaccordingtotheABSelectroniccontrolunitinstructions.Accordingtodifferentbrakesystems,brakepressureregulatorscanbe

144、dividedintohydraulicbrakepressureregulatorsandpneumaticbrakepressureregulators.译文：制动压力调节器根据ABS电子控制单元的指令，通过电磁阀自动调整车轮制动器的制动压力。根据制动系统的不同，制动压力调节器可分为液压制动压力调节器和气动制动压力调节器。TextExplanationElectronicControlUnit(ECU)isthecontrolcenterofABS.Itsmainfunctionistoreceivethesensorsignalandprocessit,judgewhetherthewh

145、eelislocked,andthenissueabrakepressureadjustmentcontrolcommandtothebrakepressureregulator.译文：电控单元(ECU)是ABS的控制中心，其主要功能是接收传感器信号并进行处理，判断车轮是否抱死，然后向制动压力调节器发出制动压力调节控制指令。请指出图4-4所示电控转向系统部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage4ElectricPowerSteeringSystem图4-3TextExplanationEPSusesaDCmotorasapowersource,andtheECUcontrolsthemag

146、nitudeanddirectionofthemotortorquebasedonsignalsprovidedbysensorssuchasatorquesensorandavehiclespeedsensor.Appliedtothesteeringmechanismofthecartoobtainasteeringforcethatiscompatiblewiththeworkingconditions.译文：电控助力转向系统采用直流电机作为动力源，ECU根据扭矩传感器和车速传感器等传感器提供的信号来控制电机扭矩的大小和方向。适用于汽车的转向机构，以获得与工作条件相适应的转向力。Text

147、ExplanationTheprincipleofcontrolisthatwhenthevehiclespeedislow,therequiredsteeringforceissmallandwhenthevehiclespeedishigh,thesteeringforcerequiredforsteeringisappropriatelyincreased.译文：控制原理是当车速较低时，所需的转向力较小，当车速较高时，适当增加转向所需的转向力。TextExplanationSteeringGearbox，Itsfunctionistoincreasetheforcetransmitted

148、fromthesteeringwheeltotheknuckleandchangethedirectionofforcetransmission.Usedtoturntherotarymovementofsteeringwheeltotheswingofsteeringrockerarmorstraightreciprocatingmotionofrackshafttocontroltheswingofsteeringwheel.译文：转向机，它的功能是增加从方向盘万向节后的力量传递和改变力的传递方向。用于将方向盘的旋转运动变为转向摇臂的摆动或齿条轴的直线往复运动，从而来控制方向轮的摆动。Te

149、xtExplanationEPSECUisthecorecomponentofelectronicpowersteeringsystem,whichismainlyusedtoreceivevariousdataofsensorsandcontroltheworkofsteeringpowermotoraccordingtoeachdatatoachievetheeffectofsteeringpower.译文：电动助力转向系统ECU是电子助力转向系统的核心部件，主要用于接收传感器的各种数据，并根据各个数据控制助力电机的工作，以达到助力转向的效果。TextExplanationGear-ass

150、istedEPSmotoranddecelerationmechanismareconnectedwithpiniontodirectlydrivethegear-assistedsteering.RackEPSmotoranddecelerationmechanismdirectlydriveracktoprovidepower.译文：EPS齿轮助力电机与减速机构以及小齿轮连接，直接驱动齿轮助力转向。齿条EPS电机和减速机构直接驱动齿条提供动力。PartIISkillTrainingReadthecircuitdiagramofToyotaCorollasEPSandanswerthefol

151、lowingtwoquestions.1.WhichsensorsignalsarereceivedbyEPSECU?2.HowdoesspeedsignalaffectEPSactuator?PartIIIExercisesExercise1：TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChineseorEnglish.1.Fuelinjector2.燃油分配管3.Fuelinputpipe4.油压调节器5.Fueltank6.分电器7.Fuelinletfilter8.制动踏板9.Fuelfilter10.方向盘PartIIIExercisesExercise2：Mar

152、kthefollowingstatementswithT（True）orF（False）accordingtothepassage.()1.Theelectroniccontrolsystemofenginescanbedividedintotheelectronicfuelinjectionsystem,ignitioncontrolsystem,intakecontrolsystem,emissioncontrolsystem,andfaultdiagnosissystem.()2.Mainpurposeoftheelectronicfuelinjectionsystem(EFIsyste

153、m)istocontrolthefuelinjectionamountofinjector,hencetheconcentrationofair-fuelfixture.()3.Usingtheengineoperationdatameasuredbyvarioussensors,suchasvehiclespeed,throttleopening,coolanttemperature,andintakeflow,ECUcalculatesouttheignitionadvanceanglethatbestsuitsthecurrentoperatingmodeoftheengine.Part

154、IIIExercisesExercise2：MarkthefollowingstatementswithT（True）orF（False）accordingtothepassage.()4.IftheSteeringDCmotorisdamaged,therackandpiniondevicecannotfunction.()5.Whenthedriverstepsonthebrakepedal,thebrakelightswitchisturnedon,thebrakesignalisinputtotheABSECU,andthebrakelightcircuitattherearofthe

155、sedanisconnected.PartIIIExercisesExercise3：TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Electroniccontrolsystemofgasolineengineisagenerictermforallelectroniccontroldevicesthatareinstalledinorconnectedtotheengine.Purposeoftheelectroniccontrolsystemistocontroltheoperationofvarioussystemsoftheenginesothat

156、theengineexhibitshighpowerperformanceandfueleconomywithlowpollutantemission.PartIVListeningandSpeakingDailyMaintenanceA:Hi.Ineedsomehelp.Imconfusedwithsomeminorproblems.B:Hi.Goodafternoon,Madam.Itismypleasure.A:HowoftenshouldIchangetheoilinmycar?B:Normallyyoushouldchangeyouroilevery5000Kmoroncehalfa

157、year.A:ShouldIrotatethetires?B:Yes,itisstronglyrecommended.Rotatingyourtireswillkeepthemingoodconditionandkeepyousafe.A:WhattypeofgasshouldIputintoit?B:Iwouldneedtocheckyourcarmanual.Youdontwanttoputthewronggasinyourcar,doyou?itcanruinit.A:OK.ThenshouldIgettuneups?B:Tuneupsaregoodandyoumayfindsometh

158、ingthatneedsreplacedthatyouwouldnormallynotknowabout.A:Thelastquestion.ShouldIkeepitoutsideorinmygarage?B:Bettertokeepitinyourgarageifyouhaveone.Itwillkeepyourcarsafefromtheweather.Butifyoudonthaveone,youmayjustkeepitinyourdriveway.A:Gotit.Thankyousomuch!B:Youarewelcome.Thisisourbusinesscard.Comebyo

159、rcallinwheneveryouneed.PartIVListeningandSpeakingDailyMaintenanceA:hello,Mr.Wang.ThisisMichealspeakingfromJohnsonsGarage.Canyousparemesomeminutes?B:Sure.Goahead.A:OurrecordsremindmethatyourHondaPilotboughtfromourgaragehasbeeninusefor2yearswithamileageofabout30,000miles.Sowesuggestthatyoutakeittoourg

160、arageandtuneitup.B:Yeah.Agoodidea,buthowlongwillittakeandwhatwillbedone?A:Generalupkeepincludeschangingoilandtheoilfilter,aligningthewheelsandcleaningvalves,whichwilltakeabout2hours.Whenwillyoufindtimetocomeby?B:IwillbefreethisFridaymorning.Iwillcomethen.A:Er,Iamsorrybutwearefullyengagedthen.Canwema

161、keitFridayafternoonorSaturday?B:Saturdayafternoon,and3:30pm.A:Gotit.Iwillreserve3:30pmSaturdayafternoonforyou.Wewillgetreadyandbeexpectingyouthen.B:Thanksalot.A:Onemoretip.Remembertobringyourdriverslicenseandregistrationaswellasthemaintenancemanualwithyouwhencoming.AndIwillcalltoremindyouSaturdaymor

162、ning.B:Allright.Thankyou!A:Haveaniceday.Bye. Thank you！2024/7/30汽车专业英语全国交通运输职业教育高职汽车运用与维修技术专业规划教材全国交通运输职业教育高职汽车运用与维修技术专业规划教材 2024/7/30OverviewofVehicleMaintenanceEngineChassisElectroniccontrolsystemAutomotiveElectricalEquipmentModule1Module2Module3Module4Module5Module6Module7Module8SafetyandComfortS

163、ystemNewEnergyVehiclesSmartVehicleModule5AutomotiveElectricalEquipmentReadingMaterialsSkillTrainingExercisesListeningandSpeakingPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPassage1StartingsystemPassage2WindshieldwiperPassage3LightsystemPassage4Turnsignallamp请指出下图5-1所示起动系机构部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage1StartingSystemTextExplan

164、ationTotransittheenginefromstationarystatetoworkingstatus,itisamusttorotatecrankshaftoftheenginewithexternalforcetoinhale(orform)inflammablemixtureandinflameandexpandwithintheaircylinder,inthisway,workingcyclecanbecarriedoutautomatically.Thewholeprocessfromthecrankshaftsstartingtorotateundertheexter

165、nalforcetotheenginesstartingtoconductidlerunningautomaticallyiscalledasstartingofengine,anditisalsofunctionofthestartingsystem译文：要使发动机由静止状态过渡到工作状态，必须用外力转动发动机的曲轴，使气缸内吸入（或形成）可燃混合气并燃烧膨胀，工作循环才能自动进行。曲轴在外力作用下开始转动到发动机开始自动地怠速运转的全过程，称为发动机的起动，这也是起动系的作用。TextExplanationTostarttheengine,theengineshouldsatisfycer

166、tainrequirements,inadditiontothoseoncompressionpressureofaircylinder,mixtureconcentration,strengthofelectricspark(gasolineengine)orignitiontemperature(dieselengine),thestartingsystemisrequiredtoprovidestartingtorqueandstartingspeedfortheengine.译文：要使发动机起动，应满足一定的要求，除了对气缸压缩压力、混合气浓度、电火花强度（汽油机）或着火温度（柴油机）

167、的要求外，还要求起动系能为发动机提供起动转矩和起动转速。TextExplanationThefunctionofthestarteristoconverttheelectricpowerprovidedbybatterytostartingtorque,driveflywheeloftheenginetorotatethroughpiniongearandthenmaketheenginestarter.ThestarteriscomposedofDCmotor,transmissionmechanismandcontroldevice.DCmotoriscomposedofarmature(

168、rotor),magneticpole(stator),commutatorandelectricbrushandothermainparts.译文：起动机的作用是将蓄电池提供的电力转化成起动力矩，通过小齿轮驱动发动机飞轮转动，使发动机起动。起动机由直流电机、传动机构和控制装置组成。直流电动机由电枢（转子）、磁极（定子）、换向器和电刷等主要部件构成。TextExplanationRotatingpartofDCmotoriscalledasarmature,alsoknownasrotor.Therotoriscomposedofironcorewithencirclegroovedlamin

169、atedbysiliconsteelsheets,armaturewindingcoils,armatureshaftandcommutator.译文：直流电动机的转动部分称为电枢，又称转子。转子由外圆带槽的硅钢片叠成的铁芯、电枢绕组线圈、电枢轴和换向器组成。TextExplanationTheelectricbrushbracketisframeconstructioningeneral.Thereinto,positiveelectricbrushbracketisfixedontheendcoverwithinsulation,andnegativeelectricbrushbracke

170、tisdirectlyconnectedwithendcoverandgrounded.Theelectricbrushisplacedintheelectricbrushbracket,anditissuppressedandformedbycopperpowderandgraphitepowder,beingbrownishblack.Thediskspringwithstrongelasticityontheelectricbrushbracketpressestheelectricbrushtothecommutator.译文：电刷架一般为框式结构。其中正极电刷架绝缘地固定在端盖上，负

171、极电刷架与端盖直接相连并搭铁。电刷置于电刷架中，电刷有铜粉与石墨粉压制而成，呈棕黑色。电刷架上有较强弹性的盘形弹簧将电刷压向换向器。请指出图5-2所示雨刮机构部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage2WindshieldWiperTextExplanationGenerally,themotorandthewormboxareintegratedtoformthewipermotorassembly.Thecrankandthecrankrockermechanismconvertstherotationofthewormintotheoscillatingmotionoftheswing

172、arm,sothatthewiperbladeontheswingarmcanwipe.译文：一般来说，电机和蜗壳集成在一起作为雨刮电机总成。曲柄和曲柄摇杆机构将蜗杆的转动转化为摆臂的摇摆运动，使摆臂上的雨刮片能够进行刮拭。TextExplanationApermanent-magnetwipermotorismainlycomposedofthehousing,permanentmagnet,armature,brushmountingplate,resetswitch(copperringandcontact),wormgearandworm.Themotorarmaturestartst

173、orotatewhenitispowered.Thewormgeardrivesthereducer.Thewormdrivesthecranktorotate.Thecrankdrivesthewiperbladetooscillatefromsidetosidethroughthelink.译文：永磁式刮水电动机主要由外壳、永久磁铁、电枢、电刷安装板、复位开关（铜环和触点）、蜗杆及蜗轮等组成。电动机电枢通电即开始转动，以蜗杆驱动蜗轮，蜗轮带动曲柄旋转，曲柄通过连杆带动刮水片左右摆动。TextExplanationIfthewiperspeedatanypositionisslowertha

174、nnormal,checkifthewipermotorpowerlinevoltageisnormal.Ifthevoltageislowortoolow,checktheconnectionterminalsonthemiddlerelay,thefuseandthecontrolswitchinthewipercircuitforfirmconnectionandcheckthecomponentsforproperoperation.Ifthevoltageisnormal,checkwhetherthecontactbetweenthebrushandthecommutatoront

175、hewipermotorisingoodcondition,andwhetherthemotorbearingandthewormarelubricatedproperly.译文：若刮水器各挡位的速度均比正常慢，应首先检查刮水电动机电源线路上的电压是否正常，若电压偏低或过低，则应检查刮水器电路中的中间继电器、熔断丝、控制开关等部件上的接线端子插接是否牢固、部件工作是否正常。若电压正常，则应检查刮水电动机上的电刷接与换向器间接触是否良好、电动机轴承及蜗轮润滑是否良好。请指出图5-3所示照明系机构部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage3LightsystemTextExplanationTo

176、guaranteethesafetyofcarrunning,improvethecarutilization,andreducethetrafficaccidentsandmechanicalaccidents,carsareallinstalledwithmanylightingdevicesandlightsignalsystems,commonlyknownaslightsystem.译文：为保证汽车行驶的安全性，提高车辆的利用率，减少交通事故和机械事故的发生，汽车上都装有多种照明设备和灯光信号系统，俗称灯系。TextExplanationAutolightingsystemismai

177、nlyusedforlightingtheroad,markingthecarwidth,interiorlighting,metercheckingandnightrepairingofacarrunninginnight.Thelightingsystemiscomposedofpowersource,lightingdeviceandcontrolpart.Controlpartincludesvariouslightswitchesandrelays,etc.Lightingdeviceincludesexteriorlighting,interiorlighting,andworki

178、nglighting.译文：汽车照明系统主要用于汽车在夜间行车时照明道路、标示车宽度、车内照明、查看仪表和夜间检修等。照明系由电源、照明装置和控制部分组成。控制部分包括各种灯光开关和继电器等。照明装置包括外部灯、内部灯和工作照明灯。TextExplanationExteriorlightingincludes:headlight,frontsignallamp,frontturnsignallamp,andfrontfoglamp,etc.Theexistingcarsbasicallyadoptcombinationtypelighting.Therearlightingincludesba

179、ckuplight,licenseplatelamp,rearsignallight,brakingsignallight,frontturnsignallamp,andrearfoglamp,etc.译文：外部灯包括：车辆前面的前照灯、前示宽灯、前转向信号灯、前雾灯等,现在汽车基本都是使用组合式灯。车辆后面的有倒车灯、牌照灯、后示宽灯、制动信号灯、前转向信号灯和后雾灯等。请指出图5-4所示转向灯机构部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage4BrakingsystemTextExplanationTurnsignallampismainlyusedforindicatingthevehic

180、leturningdirection,todrawattentionsofthetrafficpolice,pedestriansandotherdrivers.Inaddition,flickeringturnsignallampisalsousedfortheindicationofdangerwarning.Theturnsignallampflickeringisrealizedviaflasher.Flasherisgenerallyclassifiedintoheatingwiretype,capacitortype,transistortype,andintegratedcirc

181、uittypebasedonthedifferencesinstructureandworkingprinciple.译文：汽车转向灯主要是用来指示车辆的转弯方向，以引起交通民警、行人和其他驾驶员的注意，提高车辆行驶的安全性。另外，汽车转向灯同时闪烁还用作危险警报的指示。汽车转向灯的闪烁是通过闪光器来实现的，闪光器通常按结构和工作原理的不同分为电热丝式、电容式、晶体管式、集成电路式等。PartIISkillTrainingReadthecircuitdiagramofToyotaCorollaswindshieldwiperandanswerthefollowingtwoquestions.1

182、.Analyzetheworkingprincipleofwipercircuit.2.Accordingtothecircuitdiagram,whyisitthatafterturningoffthewiperswitch,thewiperscanreturntotheiroriginalpositions?PartIIIExercisesExercise1：TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChineseorEnglish.1.雨刮片2.Battery3.雨刷臂4.Taillight5.电动机6.Holdingcoil7.连杆8.Rocker9.危险警报灯1

183、0.TurnsignalindicatorPartIIIExercisesExercise2：MarkthefollowingstatementswithT（True）orF（False）accordingtothepassage.（）1.Thestartingsystemmainlyincludesthetwoparts,starterandcontrolcircuit.（）2.Thedrivedevicewhichenablesthewipertomoveisacrankrockermechanism.（）3.Mainsignalequipmentofautosignalsystem:tu

184、rnsignallamp,rearlamp,brakelampandreversinglamp,etc.（）4.Headlampiscomposedofreflector,filamentshieldandbulb,threeparts.（）5.Whenclosingthedirectionallampswitch,atriggersignalwillbeprovided,andintegratedcircuitwillproducepulsesignalandthetriodeisconnected.Switchonrelaycoil.PartIIIExercisesExercise3：Tr

185、anslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Startingsystemconsistsmainlyofthestarter,relay,switch,andprotectionequipment.Purposeofthestartingsystemistostarttheengine,fromstationarytoautomaticrotation.Power-drivensystemincludespowerwindows,powermirrors,powerwindscreenwipers,powerseats,powersunroof,andcen

186、trallycontrolleddoorlocks,whichareallsmallequipmentdrivenbymotors.PartIVListeningandSpeakingDialogue1A:Goodafternoon!CanIhelpyou?B:Goodafternoon.ImKerryKing.Itakemycarhereforupkeep.Michaelherehaseverreserved3p.m.thisafternoonforme.A:Ah,yes,Mr.King.Youarereallypunctual.Itisgreat.Everythinghasbeenread

187、yfortheupkeepofyourHondaPilot.B:Thankyou!A:Letusdoapreliminaryvehicleinspection.B:Allright.A:MayIgetinandcheckuptheinteriordevicesandtheirfunctions?B:Yes,please.A:Thankyou.Themileageis29,765miles,andgasolineishalfinthetank.Lights,wipersandstereoallfunctionwell.B:Thatisnice.PartIVListeningandSpeaking

188、A:Nowturntotheexterior.Itisalsoingoodcondition,althoughitisinevitablycoveredwithsomedirt.Wewillofferafreecarwashattheendoftheupkeep.B:Itisreallyniceofyoutodoit.A:Youarewelcome.Anyproblemscomeupwhenyoudriveit?B:No.A:Good.Laterthetechnicianwilldoathoroughexaminationandmakesurethecarisinsoundcondition.

189、Tokeeptheinnerspacefromgettingdirty,laterwewillcovertheseatswithseatcovers.Doyouleaveanyvaluablesinsidethecar?Itissuggestedthatyoucarrythemonyourself.B:No,thanks.Novaluablesinside.A:O.K.Hereisthepre-inspectionchecklist.Pleaseconfirmandsignhere.B:Itisdone.A:Thankyou.Wewillwritethestatementovertherece

190、ptiondeskthere.Pleasecomethisway.PartIVListeningandSpeakingDialogue2A:Hi,Mr.King.Sorrytodisturbyou.Ihaveaquestionforyou.B:Hum.Whatisit?A:Didyouevercleantheair-conditionerforyourPilot?B:No,never.Anythingwrong?A:Isuggestthatyoumakeitcleaned.B:Why?Thereisnothingwrong.A:Maybenotforthepresent.But80%ofthe

191、dustandbacteriawillmaketheirwaythroughthefilterintotheair-conditionerwhenitisrunning.Andpassengersinsidethecarwillbevulnerabletoflu,tonsillitis,orevenpneumoniawhenthedustorbacterialjustpileup.Soitisstronglysuggestedthattheair-conditionerbecleanedregularly.PartIVListeningandSpeakingB:Isthatso?Itsound

192、squiteserious.A:Indeed.ShallIregisteritforyou.Ourtechnicianwillcleanitlater.B:OK!Justdowhatyourecommend.AndhowoftenshallIcleantheair-conditionerformycar?A:Usuallythefiltershouldbecleanedonceamonth,andthewholegadgetatleastonceayear.Itneedscleaningwhenthemachinewillbeshutdownforalongtimeorafteralongti

193、meithasbeenshutdown.Besides,itneedstobecleanedwhenitissmellyinuse.B:Allright.Igotit.Thankyou! Thank you！2024/7/30汽车专业英语全国交通运输职业教育高职汽车运用与维修技术专业规划教材全国交通运输职业教育高职汽车运用与维修技术专业规划教材 2024/7/30OverviewofVehicleMaintenanceEngineChassisElectroniccontrolsystemAutomotiveElectricalEquipmentModule1Module2Module3Mod

194、ule4Module5Module6Module7Module8SafetyandComfortSystemNewEnergyVehiclesSmartVehicleModule6SafetyandComfortSystemReadingMaterialsSkillTrainingExercisesListeningandSpeakingPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPassage1SupplementalRestraintSystemPassage2CarSecuritySystemPassage3AirConditioningSystemPassage4Navigatio

195、nSystem请指出图6-1所示汽车辅助约束系统部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage1SupplementalRestraintSystemTextExplanationIn order to protect passengers, Supplemental Restraint Systemopens instantly when the car collides, absorbs and mitigates thedamagecausedbytheimpactforce.Incaseofacollision,theairbagcanbeopenedinstantaneouslytop

196、rotectthedriverandpassengersof the same car from the safety belt, thus effectively reducing theimpactontheheadandchest.译文：辅助约束系统为保护乘客，在汽车发生碰撞时瞬间打开，吸收及减轻冲击力所造成伤害。万汽车发生碰撞时，安全气囊可瞬间打开，与安全带起对驾驶者及同乘辆车乘客提供保护，因此能有效减轻对头部及胸部造成冲击。TextExplanationThemaincomponentsofSRSareshowninFig.6-1.SRScanopentheairbaginstant

197、lywhenthecarcollides,andprovideprotectionforthedriverandpassengersinthesamecarwiththesafetybelt,soitcaneffectivelyreducetheimpactontheheadandchest.Inaddition,theSRSsideairbagsystemcanprotectthechestofpassengerssittinginthedriversseatandthecopilotsseatwhensideimpactoccurs,andtheSRScurtainairbagsystem

198、canprotecttheheadofpassengerssittinginthefrontandrearseats.译文：SRS辅助约束系统在汽车发生碰撞时，可瞬间将安全气囊打开，与安全带起对驾驶者及同乘辆车乘客提供保护，因此能有效减轻对头部及胸部造成冲击。另外，在发生侧面碰撞时，SRS侧面安全气囊系统可保护坐在驾驶座及副驾驶座上乘客胸部，SRS窗帘式安全气囊系统可保护坐在前后排座椅上乘客头部。TextExplanationOnlywhentheignitionswitchisinONorSTARTpositioncanthesupplemental airbag work. When th

199、e ignition key is turned to ONposition,thesupplementalairbagwarninglampislit.Ifthesystemworks, the supplemental airbag warning light will be turned off inabout7seconds.译文：只有点火开关在ON或START位置时辅助气囊才能工作。点火钥匙转至ON位置后，辅助气囊警告灯点亮。如果系统能工作，辅助气囊警告灯将在约7秒后关闭。TextExplanationWhensideimpactoccurs,itcanreducetheimpact

200、onhead,faceandneck.WhentheSRScurtainairbagisimpactedbytheside,theairbaginstalledonthesideoftheroofcanbeopenedinstantlytoprotectthepassengersinfront andrearseatseffectively. Theairbagnotonlyalleviatestheimpactonthepassengersheadandfacecausedbythecollision,butalsorestrainstheexcessivebendingofthenecka

201、ndalleviatestheinjurytotheneck.译文：发生侧面碰撞时，可减轻对头部、面部及颈部冲击。SRS窗帘式安全气囊在受到侧面冲击时，可瞬间打开安装在车顶侧面安全气囊，有效保护前后排座椅乘客。安全气囊在减缓因碰撞导致汽车台柱及玻璃对乘客头部、面部造成冲击同时，还可抑制脖子过度弯曲及减轻颈部受到伤害。TextExplanationInthecaseofsideimpact,rearimpact,rolloverorlow-severityfrontalimpact,thesupplementalfrontairbagusuallydoesnotinflate.Alwayswea

202、r seat belts to reduce the risk or severity of injury in variousaccidents.译文：在发生侧面冲撞、后方冲撞、翻车或严重程度较低正面碰撞时，辅助前气囊通常不会充气，要始终佩带安全带以降低在各种事故中受伤风险或严重性。TextExplanationThe front passenger airbag will not be inflated when the frontpassengerairbagindicatorlightsuporthefrontpassengerseatisempty. Inaddition,dueto

203、thedangeroftheairbagsystemandtheneedforproperuseinordertoplaytheroleofSRSsystem,soforvehicles equipped with SRS airbag, in daily use, we need to payattentiontosomematters.Inordertoensurethesafetyofdriversandpassengers, the seat belt should be fastened while ensuring thecorrectdrivingposture.译文：在前排乘客

204、安全气囊指示灯点亮或前排乘客座椅上没人情况，前排乘客安全气囊不会充气。除此之外，由于气囊系统存在定危险性，同时需要正确使用才能发挥SRS系统作用，因此对于配备SRS气囊车辆，在日常使用时，需要注意些事项。在确保正确驾驶姿态情况，并扣上安全带，以确保司机乘客安全。请指出图6-2所示汽车安全系统机构部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage2CarSecuritySystemTextExplanationCarSecuritySystemisadeviceinstalledonthecartoincreasethedifficultyofcartheftandprolongthetimeofca

205、rtheft.AsshowninFigure 6-2, By matching the anti-theft device with the automobilecircuit,itcanpreventthevehiclefrombeingstolen,violated,protectthecarandrealizevariousfunctionsoftheanti-theftdevice.译文：汽车防盗器就是一种安装在车上，用来增加盗车难度，延长盗车时间的装置。它通过将防盗器与汽车电路配接在一起，从而可以达到防止车辆被盗、被侵犯、保护汽车并实现防盗器各种功能的目的。TextExplanati

206、onWiththeprogressofscienceandtechnology,inordertocopewiththe escalating means of car theft, people have developed variouskindsofanti-theftdeviceswithdifferentstructures.Accordingtotheirstructures, anti-theft devices can be divided into four categories:mechanical,chip,electronicandnetwork.译文：随着科学技术的进

207、步，为对付不断升级的盗车手段，人们研制出各种方式、不同结构的防盗器，防盗器按其结构可分四大类：机械式、芯片式、电子式和网络式。TextExplanationThemechanicalanti-theftisthesimplestandcheapesttypeofCarSecurity System on the market, and its principle is very simple. Itonlylocksthesteeringwheelandthecontrolpedalorbafflehandle.Its advantages are low price and easy ins

208、tallation, while itsdisadvantages are incomplete anti-theft, troublesome disassemblyandassembly,andfindingaplacetoplacewhennotinuse.译文：机械式防盗装置是市面上最简单最廉价的一种防盗器型式，其原理也很简单，只是将转向盘和控制踏板或挡柄锁住。其优点是价格便宜，安装简便；缺点是防盗不彻底，每次拆装麻烦，不用时还要找地方放置。TextExplanationThebasicprincipleofchipanti-theftistolocktheengine,circuit

209、andoil circuit of the car, and cant start the car without the chip key.Digitized password weight rate is very low, and it is necessary tocontact the cars password lock with the password key to unlock,thuseliminatingthepossibilityofbeingscanned.译文：芯片式防盗的基本原理是锁住汽车的发动机、电路和油路，在没有芯片钥匙的情况下无法启动车辆。数字化的密码重码率

210、极低，而且要用密码钥匙接触车上的密码锁才能开锁，杜绝了被扫描的可能。TextExplanationChip-basedanti-thefthasdevelopedtothefourthgeneration.Ithasspecialdiagnosticfunction,thatis,theauthorizedpersoncangetthehistorical information of the anti-theft system when reading thesecretkeyinformation.Thenumberofauthorizedsparekeys,timestampandoth

211、erbackgroundinformationinthesystembecomepartofthesecurityoftransceiver. Uniqueradiofrequencyidentificationtechnology can ensure that the system can correctly identify thedriverunderanycircumstances,andcanautomaticallyidentifythedriverwhenapproachingorawayfromthevehicle,andautomaticallyopenorclosethe

212、carlock.译文：芯片式防盗已经发展到第四代，具有特殊的诊断功能，即已获授权者在读取钥匙保密信息时，能够得到该防盗系统的历史信息，系统中经授权的备用钥匙数目、时间印记以及其他背景信息，成为收发器安全性的组成部分。独特的射频识别技术可以保证系统在任何情况下都能正确的识别驾驶者，在驾驶者接近或远离车辆时可以自动识别其身份，自动打开或关闭车锁。TextExplanationElectronicanti-theftistoaddelectronicidentificationtothecarlock,unlocking and matching keys need to input more th

213、an a dozenpasswords of the car anti-theft method, it generally has remotecontroltechnology.Ithasthefollowingfourfunctions.译文：所谓电子防盗，简而言之就是给车锁加上电子识别，开锁配钥匙都需要输入十几位密码的汽车防盗方式，它一般具有遥控技术，是随着电子技术的发展而迅速发展起来的一种防盗方式。TextExplanationThe working principle of GPS is to use the receiving satellitetransmitting sign

214、al and the ground monitoring equipment and theGPSsignalreceivingunittoformaglobalpositioningsystem.Thesatellite constellation continuously transmits the three-dimensionalposition,velocityandtimeinformationofthedynamictarget.Ensurethatvehiclescanreceivesignalsfromsatellitesatleastatanyplaceontheearth

215、andatanytime.GPSmainlyreliesonlockingignitionorstarting to achieve the purpose of anti-theft, but also through theGPSsatellitepositioningsystem,thelocationofthealarmplaceandthealarmvehiclecanbesilentlytransmittedtothealarmcenter.译文：GPS的工作原理是利用接收卫星发射信号与地面监控设备和GPS信号接收机组成全球定位系统，卫星星座连续不断发送动态目标的三维位置、速度和时

216、间信息。保证车辆在地球上的任何地点、任何时刻都至少能收到卫星发出的信号。GPS主要是靠锁定点火或启动来达到防盗的目的，同时还可通过GPS卫星定位系统，将报警处和报警车辆所在位置无声地传送到报警中心。请指出图6-3所示汽车空调系统部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage3AirConditioningSystemTextExplanationTherearemanykindsofrefrigerationsystemsintheworld,sotherearemanytypesofrefrigerationsystems.Amongthem,theexpansionvalverefriger

217、ationsystemismostcommonlyusedincars.Themaincomponentsofexpansionvalverefrigerationsystemarecompressor,condenser,storagedryer,expansionvalveandevaporator.译文：世界上有多种要求的制冷系统，因此制冷系统有许多类型，其中，最常用的是使用在小轿车上的膨胀阀式制冷系统，膨胀阀式制冷系统主要部件有压缩机、冷凝器、储液干燥器、膨胀阀和蒸发器五大部分。TextExplanationFunctionofAirConditioningSystem(1)Adjus

218、tthetemperatureinthecar(2)Adjustingthehumidityinthevehicle(3)Adjusttheairvelocityinthecar(4)Filtrationandpurificationofairinvehicles译文：空调系统功能（1）调节车内温度（2）调节车内湿度（3）调节车内空气流速（4）过滤和净化车内空气TextExplanationCompressor is the core component of refrigeration system. Itsfunction is to maintain refrigerant circul

219、ation in the refrigerationsystembyexternalforce,inhalerefrigerantvaporfromevaporatoratlow temperature and low pressure, compress refrigerant vapor toincreaseitstemperatureandpressure,andsendrefrigerantvaportocondensertorealizeheatexchangeintheprocessofheatabsorptionandrelease.译文：压缩机是制冷系统的核心部件，其作用是借助

220、外力维持制冷剂在制冷系统内的循环，吸入来自蒸发器的低温、低压的汽态制冷剂，压缩汽态制冷剂气体使其温度和压力升高，并将汽态制冷剂送往冷凝器，在热量吸收和释放的过程中实现热交换。TextExplanationInordertobetterheatdissipation,thecondenserisinstalledattherear of the intake grille and in front of the engine radiator. Thefunctionofthecondenseristoheatexchangethehightemperatureandhighpressurega

221、seousrefrigerantdischargedbythecompressorwiththeairoutsidethecondenser,transformitintoliquidrefrigerantathightemperatureandhighpressure,anddistributetheheattotheoutsideenvironmentofthevehicle.译文：为了更好地散热，冷凝器安装在进气格栅后部、发动机散热器的前面。冷凝器的作用是将压缩机排出的高温高压气态制冷剂与冷凝器外部的空气进行热交換，转变为高温高压的液态制冷剂，并把热量散发到车外环境中。TextExpla

222、nationDryerreceiverisusedinexpansionvalverefrigerationsystem.Itsmainfunctionsare: temporarystorageof refrigerants,so that the refrigerantflow rate andrefrigeration load are compatible; filter out the impurities in refrigerants,absorb the moisture in refrigerants, prevent dirty clogging and ice jam i

223、nrefrigeration system pipelines, and protect equipment components fromerosion.译文：储液干燥器用于膨胀阀式制冷系统中。其主要作用是：暂时存储制冷剂，使制冷剂的流量与制冷负荷相适应；滤除制冷剂中的杂质，吸收制冷剂中的水分，防止制冷系统管路脏堵和冰塞，保护设备部件不受侵蚀。TextExplanationExpansionvalveisanimportantpartofautomotiveairconditioningsystem.Itisusuallyinstalledbetweendryerreceiverandeva

224、porator.Expansionvalvemakesliquidrefrigerantofmediumtemperatureandhighpressurebecomegaseousmixturerefrigerantthroughthrottling,and then refrigerant absorbs heat in evaporator to achieverefrigeration effect. Expansion valve controls the flow rate of thevalve through the change of the ground degree at

225、 the end of theevaporator to prevent the insufficient utilization of the evaporationmapareaandcylinderknocking.译文：胀润是汽车空调系统中的一个重要部件，一般安装于储液干燥器和蒸发器之间。膨胀阀使中温高压的液态制冷剂通过其节流成为气态混合的制冷剂，然后制冷剂在蒸发器中吸热量达到制冷效果。膨胀阀通过蒸发器未端过地度变化来控制阀门流量，防止出现蒸发图面积利用不足和敲缸现象。TextExplanationWhen the refrigeration system works, the hig

226、h-pressure liquidrefrigerant expands through the expansion valve and reduces thepressure. It turns into wet steam and enters the core tube of theevaporatortoabsorbtheheatoftheradiatorandthesurroundingair.The evaporator is usually installed in the bellows behind thedashboard,andtheairoutsidethevehicl

227、eorinsidethevehicleflowsthroughtheevaporatorbytheblowerforcoolinganddehumidification.译文：制冷系统工作时，高压液态制冷剂通过膨胀阀膨胀而压力降低，变成湿蒸汽进入蒸发器芯管，吸收散热片及周围空气的热量。蒸发器通常装在仪表板后的风箱内，依靠鼓风机使车外空气或车内空气流经蒸发器，以便冷却与除湿。请指出图6-4所示汽车导航系统部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage4NavigationSystemTextExplanationThe main control center is composed of radi

228、o, modem, computersystemandelectronicmap.Theradioofthemaincontrolcenterisusedtoreceivethepositioninformationsentbytheradioonthecar,andatthesametime,itcanreversecontrolthecar. Themodemisresponsibleforthedigital/analogconversionofanti-controlcommands and GPS information. After receiving the locationin

229、formation of the car, the computer system carries out simplepreprocessing, and then packages the information according to theagreed communication protocol, and sends it to the workstationthroughRS232.Theworkstationdisplaysthelocationofthecaronthevectorelectronicmapdataandprovidesspatialqueryfunction

230、.译文：主控中心由电台、调制解调器、计算机系统和电子地图四部分组成。主控中心的电台用来接收汽车上电台发出的位置信息，同时也可反控汽车。调制解调器负责反控命令和GPS信息的数模转换工作。计算机系统在接收到汽车的位置信息后，进行简单的预处理，然后按事先约定的通信协议，包装该信息并通过RS232送往工作站。工作站则在矢量电子地图数据上显示汽车的位置，并提供空间查询功能。TextExplanationThe vehicle part is composed of GPS receiver, modem and radio.Someofthemincludeself-regulatednavigatio

231、ndevice,speedsensor,gyroscope sensor, CD-ROM driver, LCD display and so on. GPSreceiversareusedtoreceivesignalstransmittedbyGPS.ThemodemisusedtocontrolthedataacquisitionofGPSreceiver,convertthedata information into analog signal, and then send it to the maincontrolcenterthroughtheradio.译文：车载部分由GPS接收

232、机、调制解调器及电台组成，有的还包括自律导航装置、车速传感器、陀螺传感器、CD-ROM驱动器、LCD显示器等。GPS接收机用于接收GPS发射的信号。调制解调器用来控制GPS接收机的数据采集工作并将数据信息转换成模拟信号后再通过电台发往主控中心。TextExplanationTheGPSreceiverreceivestheGFSsatellitesignalandfindsoutthecoordinates,speedandtimeofthecurrentpoint.Whenthecartravelsto the underground tunnel, the high-rise buildi

233、ngs, highways andothersheltersandcantcapturetheGPSsatellitesignal,thesystemcanautomaticallyentertheautonomousnavigationsystem.译文：GPS收机接收GFS卫星信号，求出当前点的坐标、速度、时间等信息，当汽车行驶到地下隧道，高层楼群、高速公路等遮掩物而捕获不到GPS卫星信号时，系统可自动进入自律导航系统。TextExplanationBeforedriving,thedriverinputsthenamesofthecitiesandstreetstobevisitedfr

234、omthekeyboardtothecomputer.Thecomputerwillusethesignalsofthesatellitesystemtoguidethecomputer.Accordingtothe measured data of the speed sensor and direction sensor, thepositionoftheplacetobevisitedisdetermined,andthebestdrivingroute of the place to be visited is indicated. During the drivingprocess,

235、thedrivercanusethedisplaydeviceinthecartoobservethemapoftheareawherethecarislocatedandtheprecisepositionofthecaratanytimeonthemapatanytimeonthescreen.Thedisplayconstantlyshowsthedistancetothedestination.译文：行车前，驾驶员把要去的城市、街道地名等从键盘输入计算机，导向计算机就会借助卫星系统的信号，并根据车速传感器、方向传感器等实测的数据，确定所去地点的方位，标明所去地点的最佳行车路线。驾驶员在

236、行驶过程中可利用车内的显示装置，随时在屏幕上观察到汽车所在地区的地图和汽车在地图上任意时刻的精确位置。显示屏上还不断显示出到达目的地所剩的距离。PartIISkillTrainingReadthecircuitdiagramofCAMRY(EM02K0EC)airconditionerandanswerthefollowingtwoquestions.1.WhatarethemainfunctionsofECU?2.WhatarethemainsensorsandactuatorsofthecircuitdiagramofCAMRY?PartIIIExercisesExercise1：Tran

237、slatethefollowingphrasesintoChineseorEnglish.1.Driverairbagmodules2.安全带预张紧器3.Sideballoonsensor4.压缩机5.Condenser6.膨胀阀7.Evaporator1.8.遥控器TV-Antenna10.速度传感器PartIIIExercisesExercise2：MarkthefollowingstatementswithT（True）orF（False）accordingtothepassage.()1.Inthewholeprocessofrefrigeration,constantdisplace

238、mentairconditioningcompressorisalwaysworking.()2.Whenthereisnorefrigerantintherefrigerationsystem,theACswitchclosedcompressorwillnotwork.()3.Expansionnetcanautomaticallycontroltheopeningandclosingofelectromagneticclutchofcompressor.()4.Theinstallationpositionofthelightsensorisgenerallyonthecabdashbo

239、ardandthebottomofthewindshieldglassydisease.()5.Whentheairconditioningrefrigerationsystemworks,theenginecoolanttemperaturewillbehigherthanusual.PartIIIExercisesExercise3：TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Automobilesafetycanbedividedintoactivesafetyandpassivesafety.This module mainly introduc

240、es the Supplemental Restraint System(SRS) in passive safety. Supplemental Restraint System consists ofairbagsandseatbelts.Atthemomentofacollisionaccident,theseatbeltwilltietheoccupanttightlytotheseatbeforemovingforward,thenlock the ribbon to prevent the occupant from leaning forward andeffectivelypr

241、otectthesafetyoftheoccupant.Theairbagscanreducethedegreeofinjurycausedbythesecondcollisionduetoinertia.PartIVListeningandSpeakingSettlementandDeliveryDialogue1A:Mr.King,sorrytokeepyouwaiting.HereistherepairestimateforyourPilot.B:Yes?A:Pleaselookhere.Todaywewillchangeoil,oilfilterandairfilter,whichco

242、sts$50,5$and$10respectively.Inaddition,therewillbe$8forpullingadent5cmindepthand$64forman-hourcost.Alladded,itis$137.Nexttimeyoucanget20%offfortheman-hourfeeand10%offforthesparepartsifyoureserveinadvance.B:Isthatall?A:No.Youmentionedtherewereoddsoundswhenpressingthebrakepedal.Therewillbeextrachargea

243、fterexaminationandmaintenance.B:O.K.A:Mr.King,ittakes2hoursorsotocompletetheupkeep,includinghalfanhouroffreecarwash.AndIwillcontactyourightawaywhennewproblemscomeup.Wetakeactionsonlyafteryourpermission.Isthatallrightwithyou?2024/7/30B:Noproblem.A:Nice.Sowouldyoupleasesignhere?Thisreceiptisforyouandi

244、tshallbeproducedwhenyoupickupyourcar.B:Gotit.A:Thenwillyouwaithereinourloungeorleavefirst?B:Iwillleaveandcomebacklaterforthecar.A:Allright.Iwillcallyouwhenthecarisready.B:Seeyou!2024/7/30Dialogue2A:Mr.King,mayIhaveyoureceipt?B:Hereyouare.A:OK!NowletsgoandcheckoutyourPilot.WevecleanedupyourPilotinand

245、out.Andwereplacedthebrakepedal.Therewontbeoddsoundsnow.Youcantryit.B:Hum,great!A:Youmaycheckuptheunderhoodnow.Itwasalsocleared.Oil,oilfilterandairfilter,allhavebeenreplaced.Wehaverefilledthegas,lubricant,gearoil,hydraulicoil,brakefluid,andcoolant,glasscleaneraswellaswater.Anythingelseshallwedo?B:No.

246、Idontthinkso.A:Nice.Mr.King,shallweputthesewornpartsintoyourtrunk?B:Yes.Pleasegoahead.A:Nowwecansettlethebilloverthereceptiondesk.Thisway,please!2024/7/30A:Hereisthestatement.Itis$88,thesameasweestimated.Pleaseconfirmandsignhere.B:Allright.IwillpaywithAlipay.A:Noproblem.PleaseshowtheQRcodeoverthesca

247、nner.Hereisthereceipt.Thankyou!Pleaseremembertocomefortune-uponamileageof35,000kilometers.Doreserveinadvance,thenyoumayenjoysameservicewithlesscost,andobtainbettertimearrangementaswell.B:Iwill.Thankyou!A:Wewilldoafollow-upcallnextweek.Andyoumaycomebytoanyofourbranchesnationwideorcallinthenumbersonth

248、issheetwheneveryouneed.B:O.K.Itsverykindofyou.Iamleavingnow.A:Goodbye,Mr.King.Letmeseeyouoff. Thank you！2024/7/30汽车专业英语全国交通运输职业教育高职汽车运用与维修技术专业规划教材全国交通运输职业教育高职汽车运用与维修技术专业规划教材 2024/7/30OverviewofVehicleMaintenanceEngineChassisElectroniccontrolsystemAutomotiveElectricalEquipmentModule1Module2Module3Mod

249、ule4Module5Module6Module7Module8SafetyandComfortSystemNewEnergyVehiclesSmartVehicleModule7NewEnergyVehiclesReadingMaterialsSkillTrainingExercisesListeningandSpeakingPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPassage1TypesofPureElectricVehiclesPassage2TheStructureandWorkingPrinciplePassage3TypesofHybridElectricVehicles

250、Passage4WorkingProcessofHybridElectricVehicle请指出图7-1所示纯电动汽车部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage1TypesofPureElectricVehiclesTextExplanationPure electric vehicle (BEV) is a vehicle powered entirely byrechargeablebatteries(suchaslead-acidbatteries,nickel-cadmiumbatteries,nickel-hydrogenbatteriesorlithium-ionbatterie

251、s).译文：纯电动汽车(简称BEV)，它是完全由可充电电池(如铅酸电池、镍镉电池、镍氢电池或锂离子电池)提供动力源的汽车。TextExplanationThepowertransmissionrouteisshowninthediagram(Fig.7-2(a).This kind of electric vehicle can be directly refitted from fuel-firedvehicle.Itscharacteristicisthatthetraditionalinternalcombustionengine and fuel system are replaced

252、 by the electric bumper andbatterysystem.Becausethetransmission,finaldriveanddifferentialoftraditionalinternalcombustionengineisretained,therequirementforthemotorislowerandthesmallermotorcanbeselected.译文：其动力传递路线见图7-2(a)。这类电动汽车可直接由燃油汽车改装得到,其特点是仅用电动杋和蓄电池系统取代传统的内燃机和燃油系统,由于保留了传统内燃机汽车的变速器、主减速器和差速器等，因此对电动

253、机的要求低，并可选择较小的电动机。TextExplanationThepowertransmissionrouteisshowninthediagram(Fig.7-2(b).This kind of electric vehicle is characterized by replacing thetraditionalinternalcombustionengineandfuelsystemwiththemotorandbatterysystem,andremovingthetransmissionofthetraditionalinternalcombustionenginevehicl

254、e.Themotorisdirectlyconnectedtothetransmissionshaft,andthevariablespeedfunctionisrealizedthrough the control of the motor. Although the quality andtransmissionlossofthevehiclearereduced,thesizeofthemotorislarger.译文：其动力传递路线见图7-2(b)。这类电动汽车的特点是用电动机和蓄电池系统取代传统的内燃机和燃油系统，并去掉了传统的内燃机汽车的变速器，电动机直接连接到传动轴，通过电动机的

255、控制实现变速功能，虽然减少了车的质量和传动损失，但电动机的尺寸大。TextExplanationThepowertransmissionrouteisshowninthediagram(Fig.7-2(c).Thecharacteristicofthiskindofelectricvehicleisthatthemotorisdirectly connected to the left and right driving half axles. It hassimple structure, reduces the quality and transmission loss of thewho

256、levehicle,andachievesthedistributionofthedifferentialspeedand driving force between the left and right wheels through thecontrolofthemotor.译文：其动力传递路线见图7-2(c)。这类电动汽车的特点是用电动机直接连接到左右两个驱动半轴上，结构简单，减少整车质量和传动损失，通过电动机的控制实现左右轮的差速和驱动力的分配。TextExplanationItisshowninthediagram(Fig.7-2(d).Thiskindofelectricvehicl

257、emainly consists of stator, permanent magnet, encoder, motor coil,bearing, planetary gear and brake hub. It is characterized by nopower transmission device, which directly connects the drivingmotortothedrivingwheel.Ithasthelargestspaceutilizationandnotransmission loss. However, the control accuracy

258、of the drivingmotorisrequiredtobehigh,andthespeeddifferencebetweentheleftandrightwheelsisrequiredtomeettherequirementsofvehicledriving,especiallywhenturning.译文：见图7-2(d)。这类电动汽车主要由定子、永久磁铁、编码器、电动机线圈、轴承、行星齿轮和制动毂组成，其特点是无动力传递装置,把驱动电动机直接连接到驱动轮上，是结构最简单的电动汽车，空间利用率最大，无传动损失，但对驱动电动机的控制精度等要求高，并要求左右轮的转速之差满足汽车行驶特别

259、是转弯时的要求。请指出图7-3所示纯电动车部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage2TheStructureandWorkingPrincipleTextExplanationAsshowninFig.7-3,pureelectricvehiclesareequippedwithstoragebatteries, motors, motor control devices and energy managementsystems.Thewayofenergysupplementischarging,whichcanbecarriedoutinchargingstationsorparkin

260、glots.Thechargersusedinchargingstationsaremostlyfastchargers.Becauseelectricmotorscangenerateelectricitywhentheyaredragged,pureelectricvehiclesgenerally have energy recovery (regeneration) systems that canrecoverdecelerationanddownhillenergy.译文：如图7-3所示，纯电动汽车装备有蓄电池、电动机、电动机控制装置和能源管理系等，能量的补充方式为充电，可在充电站

261、或停车场进行，充电站使用的充电器多为快速充电器。由于电动机被拖动时，即可发电，因此纯电动汽车一般都带有可回收减速和下坡时能量的回收（再生）系统。TextExplanationAsshowninFig.7-4,pureelectricvehicleispoweredbytheenergyofthe battery that causes the motor to drive the vehicle forward.Theworking principle of electric vehicles: battery current powerregulatormotorpowertransmiss

262、ionsystemdrivingthecar.Duringtheworkingprocess,thebatterysuppliescurrent,whichisregulatedbythepowerregulatorandthenoutputtothemotor,andthenthetorqueissuppliedbythemotor,andthewheelisdrivenbythetransmissiondevicetodrivethevehicle.译文：如图7-4所示，纯电动汽车是由蓄电池的能量使电机驱动车辆前进，电动汽车的工作原理：蓄电池电流电力调节器电动机动力传动系统驱动汽车行驶。其

263、中，蓄电池提供电流，经过电力调节器调节后输出到电动机，然后由电动机提供扭矩，经传动装置后驱动车轮实现车辆行驶。TextExplanationTheregenerativebrakingofanelectricvehicleistousetheelectricbrakeoftheelectricmotortogenerateareversetorquetoslowdownor stop the vehicle.For induction motors, electrical brakes havereversebrake,DCbrakeandregenerativebrake.Amongthem

264、,onlyregenerative braking can be achieved to recover energy duringbraking.Theessenceisthattherotatingfrequencyoftherotorofthemotor exceeds the power frequency of the motor, and the motoroperatesinapowergeneratingstate,convertingmechanicalenergyinto electrical energy to charge the battery through a r

265、eversefreewheelingdiodeoftheinverter.译文：电动汽车的再生制动，就是利用电机的电气制动产生反向力矩使车辆减速或停车。对于感应电机来说，电气制动有反接制动、直流制动和再生制动等。其中，能实现将刹车过程中能量回收的只有再生制动。其本质是电机转子的转动频率超过电机的电源频率，电机工作于发电状态，将机械能转化为电能通过逆变器的反向续流二极管给电池充电。请指出图7-5所示混合动力汽车部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage3TypesofHybridElectricVehiclesTextExplanationHybrid Electric Vehicle (HE

266、V) is an electric vehicle equipped withbothelectricdrivesystemandauxiliarypowerunitonavehicle.Theauxiliarypowerunitisagasolineengineordieselenginewithmaturetechnology. ItsmaincompositionisshowninFigure7-5.Themainadvantagesofhybridelectricvehiclearethattheengineworksintheeconomicworkingarea,withlowem

267、issionandlowfuelconsumption.When the engine is not working at full load and acceleration, thenoiseislow.Itcanalsorecoverbrakingenergyandutilizeexistingfuelfacilities.HybridElectricVehicle(HEV)isanimportanttechnicalmeasureadoptedbythecontemporaryautomobileindustrytoprotecttheatmosphericenvironmentand

268、resourceutilization.译文：混合动力电动汽车是指在一辆汽车上同时配备电力驱动系统和辅助动力单元的电动汽车，其中辅助动力单元是技术成熟的汽油机或柴油机，其主要组成如图7-5所示。混合动力电动汽车主要优点是发动机工作在经济工况区，排放低，燃油消耗少；发动机不在全负荷和加速工况工作，噪声小；还可以回收制动时的能量和利用已有的燃油设施；是当代汽车工业为保护大气环境及资源利用采取的重大技术措施。TextExplanationAsshowninFig.7-6,itisthestructureofserieshybridpowersystem.Its working principle i

269、s that the engine drives the generator togenerateelectricity,Partoftheelectricitygeneratedisusedtochargethebattery,andtheotherpartistransmittedtothemotorthroughthemotor controller. The motor generates electromagnetic moment todrivethevehicle.译文：如图7-6所示，为串联式混合动力系统的结构，其工作原理是发动机带动发电机发电，发出的电能一部分用来给蓄电池充电

270、，另一部分通过电机控制器输送给电动机，由电动机产生电磁力矩驱动汽车行驶。TextExplanationAs shown in Fig.7-7, it is the structure of parallel hybrid powersystem.ParallelHybridPowerSystemhastwosetsofdrivesystems:internalcombustionengineandmotor.Internalcombustionenginesand motors can drive cars independently. When high power isneeded,the

271、carcanalsobedrivenbyinternalcombustionengineandmotor. The defect of insufficient maximum power of series hybridpowersystemisimproved.译文：如图7-7所示，为并联式混合动力系统的结构。并联式混合动力系统有内燃机和电机两套驱动系统，内燃机和电机可以分别独立地驱动汽车，而需要大功率时还可由内燃机和电机共同驱动汽车，改进了串联式混合动力系统最大功率不足的缺陷。TextExplanationFig.7-8showsthestructureofthehybridpowers

272、ystem.Itsworkingprinciple is that part of the power generated by the engine isconveyedtothedrivingbridgethroughthemapledrivedevice,whiletheotherpartisdrivenbythegeneratortogenerateelectricity,andthepowergeneratedisconveyedtothemotororbattery.Thetorquegeneratedbythemotorcanalsobetransmittedtothedrivi

273、ngaxlethrough the power composite device. Flexible series or paralleloperationmodeisadoptedaccordingtodrivingconditions.译文：如图7-8所示为混联式混合动力系统的结构，其工作原理是发动机发出的功率一部分通过机槭传动装置输送给驱动桥，另一部分则驱动发电机发电，发出的电能输送给电机或蓄电池。电动机产生的力矩也可通过动力复合装置传送给驱动桥。根据行驶工况灵活采取串联方式或并联方式工作。TextExplanationAt present, planetary gear mechani

274、sm is generally used as powercompounddeviceinthehybridstructure.Forexample,ToyotasPriususesthisstructure,anditsdrivesystemisrecognizedasthemostsuccessfulstructureatpresent.译文：目前的混联式结构一般以行星齿轮机构作为动力复合装置。例如，丰田公司的Prius就采用了这种结构，它的驱动系统被公认为是目前最成功的结构。TextExplanationAccording to the ratio of battery-motor an

275、d internal combustionengine, it can be also divided into micro-mixed, light mixed, fullymixed,andexternallyrechargeablehybridpowersystem.译文：根据电池-电机与内燃机的搭配比例不同，可分为微混合、轻混合、全混合和可外接电源充电混合动力系统。请指出图7-9所示混合动力汽车部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage4WorkingProcessofHybridElectricVehicleTextExplanationAsshowninFigure7-9,the

276、followingisanexampleofTHSsystemtoillustratetheworkingprocessofhybridelectricvehiclewhenitstartsorrunsunderlowload,runsatuniformspeed,accelerates,stopsorglides,brakesanddecelerates.译文：如图7-9所示，以THS（丰田汽车的混动系统）为例说明混合动力汽车的起步或低负荷行驶、匀速行驶、加速行驶、停车或滑行、制动和减速时系统的工作过程。TextExplanationWhenthevehiclestarts,runsatve

277、rylowspeedoronasteepslope,theenginewillworkinaninefficientarea,sothecontrolsystemwillcutoffthefuelandstoptheengine.Atthistime,thefuelcanbecutoffaccordingtowhethertheengineisidlingornot,andthemotorcanbeusedtoprovidetheoutputpowertothevehicle.Thepathofthemotor-drivenvehicleisshowninPathAinFig.7-10.译文：

278、车辆起步、极低速运行或在下陡坡时，发动机将在低效率区域中工作，故此时控制系统将切断燃油，使发动机停止工作。这时可以根据发动机发生空转与否进行燃油切断，利用电动机向车辆提供输出动力。电动机驱动车辆的路径如图7-10中路径A所示。TextExplanationDuring normal driving, the engine power is divided into two outputpaths through the power distribution mechanism. One path directlydrivesthewheel(pathB,Fig.7-11),anotherpat

279、hdrivesthegeneratortogenerateelectricity,andusesthegeneratedenergytodrivemotor5,thereby increasing the driving force of the wheel (path C, Fig.7-11).Therelationshipbetweenthetwopoweroutputpathsiscontrolledbyacomputertoachieveoptimalefficiency.译文：在正常行驶时发动机的动力通过动力分配机构分为两条输出通路，一条通路直接驱动车轮(路径B，图7-11，另一条通

280、路驱动发电机使之发电，并用所发电能驱动电动机5，从而增加车轮的驱动力（路径C，图7-11）。这两条动力输出路径的关系是由计算机进行控制，使之达到最优效率。TextExplanationFullloadacceleration,inadditiontothepowerrequiredintheabovenormaldrivingconditions,butalsofromthebatteryoutputcurrent,increase the driving force of the wheel. The power of the vehiclecomesfrompathA,BandCinFig

281、.7-12.译文：全负荷加速时，除了上述正常行驶工况中所需的动力外，还要从蓄电池中输出电流，增加车轮的驱动力。车辆的动力来自图7-12中的路径A、B、C三条。TextExplanationWhen decelerating and braking, the wheel drives the motor. At thispoint, the motor becomes a generator, which uses the energy ofdecelerationorbrakingtoregeneratepowergeneration,andstorestherecoveredenergyin

282、thebattery,asshowninFig.7-13.译文：在减速与制动时，车轮驱动电动机。这时，电动机变成了发电机，利用减速或制动的能量进行再生发电，把回收的能量存储在蓄电池中，如图7-13所示。TextExplanationBycontrollingthebattery,acertainchargingstatecanbemaintained.Therefore,whenthebatterychargedecreases,theenginedrivesthegeneratortochargeuntilitreachesthespecifiedchargingstate,asshowni

283、nPathDinFig.7-14.译文：对蓄电池进行控制，便之保持一定的充电状态。所以，当蓄电池的充电量减少时，通过发动机驱动发电机进行充电，使之一直达到规定的充电状态，如图7-14中的路径D所示。TextExplanationWhenthevehiclestops,theenginestopsautomatically. Thereisnoidling like a conventional engine, no harmful substances andemissions,butalsosaveenergy.Whenthebatterydoesnotreachtherequired ch

284、arging state, even if it stops, the engine will drive thegeneratorandchargethebatterythroughpathD.Whentheignitionpowerisswitchedonandthecarhasnotyetstarted,theenginewillautomaticallystoprunningafterreachingthespecifiedthermalstate.Ifconnectedwiththeairconditioningswitch,theenginewillalsorunafterpark

285、ing.译文：车辆停止时，发动机也自动停止。没有常规发动机那样的怠速，无有害物和CO_2排放，同时也节约了能源。当蓄电池没达到规定的充电状态时，即使停车，发动机也会驱动发电机，通过路径D给蓄电池充电。当接通点火电源，汽车尚未起步时，发动机达到规定的热状态后会自动停止运转。如果和空调开关联动的话，停车后发动机也会运转。PartIISkillTrainingReadingBatteryControlCircuitDiagramofToyotaPriusHybridElectricVehicle,Answerthefollowingtwoquestions.1.Whatisthecompositio

286、nofbatterycontrolcircuitforhybridelectricvehicle?2.Whatisthefunctionofbatterycontrolcircuitforhybridelectricvehicle?PartIIIExercisesExercise1：TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChineseorEnglish.1.蓄电池2.HybridElectricVehicles3.电动机4.PureElectricVehicles5.再生制动系统6.DC/DCConverter7.充电站2.8.Direct-currentdynamo

287、9.爬坡10.AMTPartIIIExercisesExercise2：MarkthefollowingstatementswithT（True）orF（False）accordingtothepassage.()1.Theworkingprincipleofpureelectricvehicleisbattery-current-powerregulator-motor-vehicledriving.( ) 2. Pure electric vehicles can be divided into lead-acid batteryelectricvehicles,nickel-hydrog

288、enbatteryelectricvehiclesandlithium-ionbatteryelectricvehiclesaccordingtothetypesofbatteries.()3.Hybridelectricvehicleshavemoreadvantagesthanpureelectricvehiclesindrivingmile-age.()4.Hybridelectricvehicleshavedifferentpowersystemconfigurations,whichcanbedivid-edintoseries,parallelandhybrid.()5.Whent

289、hehybridelectricvehicleacceleratesatfullload,itonlyneeds the power required in normal driving conditions to meet thepowerdemand.PartIIIExercisesExercise3：TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Atpresent,thenewenergyvehiclesaremainlynaturalgasvehicles,liquefiedpetroleumgasvehicles,electricvehicles

290、,solarvehicles,fuelcell vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. Pure electric vehicles areequipped with storage batteries, motors, motor control devices andenergymanagementsystems,andthewayofenergysupplementischarging.PartIVListeningandSpeakingRepairDialogue1A:Hi,Imthemechanic.WhatcanIdoforyou?B:Myca

291、rismakingaveryweirdnoise.Itsoundslikethis:gulug,gulug,gulug.A:Hmm,thatdoesntsoundgood.Whereisitcomingfrom?B:Imnotsure.WhenIminthecar,itsoundslikeitscomingfromtheengine,butwhenIgetoutofthecar,itsoundslikeitscomingfromdirectlyunderthetrunk,maybethemuffler?A:Maybe.Howlongisitsincethenoisecameup?B:About

292、aweek.A:Onwhatconditiondoesthenoisecomeup?B:Aslongasthecarisrunning,itisthere.A:Whatspecialhasyourcareverundergonebeforethenoisecomesup,say,crash?Ortune-up?B:No,nothing.Butitisaboutthetimetohaveittunedup.Itisalreadyhalfayearsinceitslastupkeep.2024/7/30A:O.K.Iwilltakeitdown.Ineedtoexaminetheengine.B:

293、O.K.Iwillpopthehoodup.A:Hmm,yourbatteryneedsreplacing.Wouldyoupleasestartyourengine?B:Sure.A:Thereisanorderlynoise.Isthisthenoiseyouveevernoticed?B:Yes,thatsit.A:Youneedreplaceyourbatteryandgiveyourcaratune-up.Wewillarrangeatechniciantomakeafullexaminationandseeifanythingmoreiswrongwithyourcar.Isita

294、llrightwithyou?B:Thatwillbenice.Thankyou!2024/7/30Dialogue2A:Whatcanwedoforyoutoday?B:Uh,hi.Yes,Imhavingaproblemwithmycar,anditdoesntseemtorunright.ImeaneverytimeIstartitup,theenginerunsforaminuteorso,sputterslikeitisntgettingenoughgas,andthendies.A:Hmmm.Okay.Letsopenthehood,andletstakealook.Okay,st

295、artitup.Enginestarting.A:Okay,Okay.Shutheroff.Hmmm.Letmelookatthemanualhere.Itsoundslikeapossiblefuelline,abadaccelerator,badalternator,orevenaweakbattery.B:So,whichoneisit?A:Uhh.Difficulttosay.Afurtherexaminationandtestisnecessary.B:Okay,sohowmuchisitgoingtocost?A:Ah.Here,$200forthepre-screeningche

296、ck,$150forparts,plusorminus$100,and$75anhourforlabor.Oh,ohyeah.Todaysaholiday,solaborisactually$50moreperhour.B:Huh?Thosepricesareoutrageous,andwhatholidayisittoday?2024/7/30A:Oh,itsthelocalpumpkinfestival.B:Ah,comeon.Icantbelievethis.Ofallmyluck,mycarbreaksdowninanout-of-the-waytown,anditllcostanar

297、mandalegtogetmycarfixed.A:Ah,Ithappensso.YoumaywatchthelivebroadcastofthefestivalontheTVsetoverthere,andMike,ourtechnicianwilltakecareofyourcar.Itmaytakeanhourorso. Thank you！2024/7/30汽车专业英语全国交通运输职业教育高职汽车运用与维修技术专业规划教材全国交通运输职业教育高职汽车运用与维修技术专业规划教材 2024/7/30OverviewofVehicleMaintenanceEngineChassisElect

298、roniccontrolsystemAutomotiveElectricalEquipmentModule1Module2Module3Module4Module5Module6Module7Module8SafetyandComfortSystemNewEnergyVehiclesSmartVehicleModule8SmartVehicleReadingMaterialsSkillTrainingExercisesListeningandSpeakingPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPassage1TypesofVehicleNetworkPassage2CANBusPa

299、ssage3OverviewofSmartVehiclePassage4KeyTechnologiesforIntelligentNetworkedVehicles请指出下图所示汽车网络部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage1TypesofVehicleNetworkTextExplanationElectronic technology in the field of automotive technology isdevelopingrapidly. Theincreasinglycomplexandhighlyintegratedautomotive electrical appl

300、iances have made it necessary forautomotive engineers to seek faster and more efficient means ofinformation transmission.The application of bus technology invehiclesenablesmoreandmorefunctionsofthecartoberealized.译文：汽车技术领域电子技术正在飞速发展，汽车电器日趋复杂，高度集成的多功能，使汽车工程师们必须寻求更快速有效的信息传输方式，总线技术在车辆上的应用，使汽车更多更强的功能成为现

301、实。TextExplanationCANisanabbreviationofControllerAreaNetwork.CANisanISOinternational standardized serial communication protocol. In theautomotive industry, a variety of electronic control systems havebeendevelopedforsafety,comfort,convenience,lowpollution,andlow cost. A variety of electronic control

302、systems have beendeveloped,andthenumberofautomotivewiringharnessesrequiredfor communication between these systems has also increased. Inordertoreducethenumberofwireharnessesandtheneedforhigh-speed communication of large amounts of data, in 1986 Germanelectrician Bosch developed a CAN communication p

303、rotocol forautomobiles. Since then, CAN has been standardized by ISO11898andISO11519,becomingthestandardprotocolforglobalautomotivenetworks.TextExplanation译文：CAN总线：CAN是Controller Area Network的缩写（以下称为CAN），是ISO国际标准化的串行通信协议。在汽车产业中，出于对安全性、舒适性、方便性、低公害、低成本的要求，各种各样的电子控制系统被开发了出来，由于这些系统之间通信所用的数据类型及对可靠性的要求不尽相

304、同，由多条总线构成的情况很多，线束的数量也随之增加。为了减少线束的数量，通过多个LAN，进行大量数据的高速通信的需要，1986年德国电气商博世公司开发出面向汽车的CAN通信协议。此后，CAN通过ISO11898及ISO11519进行了标准化，成为全球性的汽车网络的标准协议。TextExplanationTheLINbusisalow-costserialcommunicationnetworkdefinedforautomotivedistributedelectronicsystems.Itisasupplementtootherautomotivemultiplexnetworkssuch

305、asCAN.TheLINbusissuitableforapplicationsthatdonothavehighdemandsonthebandwidth,performanceorfaulttoleranceofthenetwork.译文：LIN总线是针对汽车分布式电子系统而定义的一种低成本的串行通讯网络，是对控制器区域网络（CAN）等其它汽车多路网络的一种补充，适用于对网络的带宽、性能或容错功能没有过高要求的应用。TextExplanationThe MOST bus was jointly developed by BMW, Daimler Chrysler,Harman/Becker

306、 (audio system manufacturer) and Oasis SiliconSystems.Designedtomeetdemandingautomotiveenvironments,thenewfiber-basednetworkiscapableofsupportingdataratesof24.8Mbps, reducing weight and reducing electromagnetic interference(EMI)comparedtopreviouscopper.译文：MOST总线：MOST总线是作为宝马公司、戴姆勒克莱斯勒（DaimlerChrysler

307、）公司、Harman/Becker公司（音响系统制造商）和OasisSiliconSystems公司之间的一项联合。其后不久（1998年），参与各方建立了一个自主的实体，即MOST公司，由它控制总线的定义工作。MOST总线专门用于满足要求严格的车载环境，这种新的基于光纤的网络能够支持24.8Mbps的数据速率，与以前的铜缆相比具有减轻重量和减小电磁干扰（EMI）的优势。TextExplanationFlexRayisahigh-speed,deterministic,fault-tolerantbustechnologyfor automobiles. It combines event tr

308、iggering and time triggering,withefficientnetworkutilizationandsystemflexibility. FlexRaycanbeusedasthebackboneofanewgenerationofautomotiveinteriornetworks.译文：FlexRay是一种用于汽车的高速、可确定性的，具备故障容错能力的总线技术，它将事件触发和时间触发两种方式相结合，具有高效的网络利用率和系统灵活性特点，可以作为新一代汽车内部网络的主干网络。TextExplanationBluetooth is a type of wireless

309、 network transmission technologyoriginally used to replace infrared. Compared with infraredtechnology,Bluetoothcantransmitdatawithoutalignment,andthetransmission distance is about 0-20 meters (infrared transmissiondistanceiswithinafewmeters).Withthehelpofsignalamplifiers,thecommunicationdistancecanr

310、eachupto100meters.Moreover,Bluetooth devices can also transmit sound, images, videos, etc.,suchasBluetoothheadsets.译文：蓝牙（Bluetooth）是无线网络传输技术的一种，原本是用来取代红外的。与红外技术相比，蓝牙无需对准就能传输数据，传输距离在0-20米左右（红外的传输距离在几米以内）。而在信号放大器的帮助下，通讯距离甚至可达100米左右。而且，蓝牙设备之间还能传送声音、图像、视频等，如蓝牙耳机。请指出图8-3所示汽车CANBus部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage2C

311、ANBusTextExplanationCAN is the abbreviation of Controller Area Network, which is theinternational standard serial communication protocol of ISO. ThecompositionoftheCANbusincludes:databus,terminatingresistor,transceiver,controller,node,gateway译文：CAN是ControllerAreaNetwork的缩写（以下称为CAN），是ISO国际标准化的串行通信协议。

312、CAN总线的组成包括：数据总线、终端电阻、收发器、控制器、节点、网关等。TextExplanationThe data bus is the channel through which digital signals aretransmitted between control units, the so-called informationhighway.Thedatabusinanin-vehiclenetwork,similartoanetworkcableinacomputernetwork.Thedatabuscanrealizethatsignalstransmittedonase

313、tofdatalinescanbesharedbymultiplecontrolunitsatthesametime,therebymaximizingtheoverallefficiencyofthesystemandmakingfulluseoflimitedresources.SeeFig8-4.译文：数据总线是控制单元间传递数字信号的通道，即所谓的信息高速公路。车载网络中的数据总线，类似于计算机网络中的网线。数据总线可以实现在一组数据线上传递的信号能同时被多个控制单元共享，从而最大限度的提高系统整体效率，充分利用有限的资源。见图8-4。TextExplanationTheCANbusi

314、sdividedintoCANhighdataline(CAN-H)andCANlowdata line (CAN-L). Most of the cars used are twisted-pair wirednetworks.译文：CAN总线分为CAN高位数据线（CAN-H）和CAN低位数据线（CAN-L），车上使用的大多数是双绞线的有线网络。TextExplanationThe terminating resistor is the data transmission terminal of thenetwork, usually a 120 resistor; it is used t

315、o prevent data frombeingreflectedbackattheendofthetransmissionandgeneratingreflectedwavesbecausethe reflectedwaveswill destroy the data.SeeFig8-5.译文：终端电阻是网络的数据传输终端，通常是一个120 的吸收电阻；用于阻止数据在传输终了被反射回来并产生反射波因为反射波会破坏数据。见图8-5。TextExplanationAtransceiverisacombinationofatransmitterandareceiver. Thefunctionof

316、thetransmitteristoconvertthedataprovidedbytheCANcontrollerintoanelectricalsignalandsenditoutthroughthedataline;thereceiverisusedtoreceivethedataonthebusandtransmitthedatatotheCANcontroller.译文：收发器是一个发送器和接收器的组合；发送器的作用是将CAN控制器提供的数据转化为电信号并通过数据线发送出去；接收器的作用是接收总线上的数据，并将数据传送到CAN控制器。TextExplanationThecontrol

317、lerreceives,processes,andtransfersdatabetweentheCPUandtheCANtransceiver.ItreceivesthedatasentbytheCPU,processesandtransmitsittotheCANtransceiver;atthesametime,it receives the data from the CAN transceiver, processes andtransmitsittotheCPU.译文：控制器在CPU-CAN收发器之间接收、处理传递数据。它接收CPU送来的数据、处理并传送给CAN收发器；同时，接收CA

318、N收发器传来的数据，处理并传送给CPU。TextExplanationWhenweuseacomputertoaccesstheInternetandcommunicatewith another computer in another place through a network, thecomputersatbothendsaretwonodesinthenetwork,andtheserverterminalisalsoanode.IntheCANbus,thenodeisthecontrolunitconnectedtothedatabus.SeeFig8-6.译文：当我们使用计算机

319、上网，通过某个网络平台与异地的另一台计算机通讯，则两端的计算机就是网络中的两个节点，服务器终端也是一个节点。在车载网络中，节点即为连接在数据总线中的控制单元。见图8-6。TextExplanationThe main task of the gateway is to enable information exchangebetweentwosystemsofdifferentspeeds.Thegatewayisequivalenttothetrainstationinourlife(Fig.8-7).AtstationA,wearrivedatatrain(CANdrivedatabus,

320、500kBit/s)withhundredsofpassengers.ThereisalsoatrainonthestationB(CANComfort/Infotainmentdatabus,100kBit/s)waiting,somepassengerswillchangetothistrain, some passengers have to change to the express train tocontinuetotravel.Thisfunctionofthestation,thatis,thefunctionofallowing passengers to change ve

321、hicles to reach their respectivedestinationsthroughdifferentspeedsofvehicles,isthesameasthegateway function of the CAN drive data bus and the CANcomfort/Infotainmentdatabus.TextExplanation译文：网关相当于我们生活当中的火车站（如图8-7）。在站台A（站台，英语叫网关）到达一列快车（CAN驱动数据总线，500kBit/s)，车上有数百名旅客。在站台B已经有一辆火车(CAN舒适/Infotainment数据总线，

322、100kBit/s)在等待，有一些乘客就换到这辆火车上，有一些乘客要换乘快车继续旅行。车站/站台的这种功能，即让旅客换车，以便通过速度不同的交通工具到达各自目的地的功能，与CAN驱动数据总线和CAN舒适/Infotainment数据总线两系统网络的网关功能是相同的。网关的主要任务是使两个速度不同的系统之间能进行信息交换。请指出下图所示无人驾驶汽车中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage3OverviewofSmartVehicleTextExplanationThe so-called smart vehicle is the addition of advanced sensors(rada

323、r, camera), controllers, actuators and other devices to thegeneral vehicle（ See Fig.8-9） . Through the in-vehicle sensingsystemandinformationterminal,theintelligentinformationexchangewithpeople,vehicles,roads,etc.isrealized,sothatthevehiclehasintelligentenvironmentsensingability,canautomaticallyanal

324、yzethesafetyanddangerousstateofthevehicle,andmakethevehiclereachthepurposeaccordingtothewilloftheperson.Ultimatelyachievethepurposeofreplacingpeopletooperate.译文：所谓“智能车辆”，就是在普通车辆的基础上增加了先进的传感器（雷达、摄像）、控制器、执行器等装置（见图8-9），通过车载传感系统和信息终端实现与人、车、路等的智能信息交换，使车辆具备智能的环境感知能力，能够自动分析车辆行驶的安全及危险状态，并使车辆按照人的意愿到达目的地，最终实现

325、替代人来操作的目的。TextExplanationFrom a development perspective, smart cars will go through twophases.Thefirststageistheprimarystageofsmartcars,whichisassisteddriving;thesecondstageistheultimatestageofsmartcardevelopment, which is completely replacing human unmanneddriving. The US Highway Safety Administrat

326、ion defines smart cars as thefollowingfivelevels.译文：从发展的角度，智能汽车将经历两个阶段。第一阶段是智能汽车的初级阶段，即辅助驾驶；第二阶段是智能汽车发展的终极阶段，即完全替代人的无人驾驶。美国高速公路安全管理局将智能汽车定义为以下五个层次：TextExplanationNointelligence(Level0):Thedriveralwayscompletelycontrolstheoriginalunderlyingstructureofthecar,includingthebrakes,steeringgear,accelerator

327、pedalandstarter.译文：无智能化（层次0）：由驾驶员时刻完全地控制汽车的原始底层结构，包括制动器、转向器、油门踏板以及起动机。TextExplanationIntelligentwithspecialfunctions(Level1):Thislevelofcarhasoneor more special automatic control functions. It can be called“assisteddrivingphase”bywarningagainstcaraccidents.Manyofthe technologies at this stage are fa

328、miliar, such as the LaneDeparture Warning System (LDW), the Frontal Collision WarningSystem(FCW),andtheBlindSpotInformationsystem(BLIS).译文：具有特殊功能的智能化（层次1）：该层次汽车具有一个或多个特殊自动控制功能，通过警告防范车祸于未然，可称之为“辅助驾驶阶段”。这一阶段的许多技术大家并不陌生，比如车道偏离警告系统（LDW）、正面碰撞警告系统（FCW）、盲点信息（BLIS）系统。TextExplanationIntelligentwithmultiplefu

329、nctions(Level2):Thislevelofcarhasasystemthatcombinesatleasttwooriginalcontrolfunctions.Thereisnoneedforthedrivertocontrolthesefunctionsatall,whichcanbecalled semi-automatic driving phase. The car at this stage willintelligentlydetermineifthedriverisrespondingtothedangeroussituationofthewarning.Ifnot

330、,itwilltakeactionforthedriver,suchastheEmergencyAutoBrakeSystem(EAB)andtheEmergencyLaneAssist(ELA).译文：具有多项功能的智能化（层次2）：该层次汽车具有将至少两个原始控制功能融合在一起实现的系统，完全不需要驾驶员对这些功能进行控制，可称之为“半自动驾驶阶段”。这个阶段的汽车会智能地判断司机是否对警告的危险状况做出响应，如果没有，则替司机采取行动，比如紧急自动刹车系统（EAB）、紧急车道辅助系统（ELA）。TextExplanationUnmanneddrivingwithlimitedcondit

331、ions(Level3):Thislevelofcarallowsthedrivertocompletelycontrolthecarinaspecificdrivingtraffic environment. Moreover, the car can automatically detectchanges in the environment to determine whether to return to thedriversdrivingmode,whichcanbecalledhigh-automaticdrivingphase.Googledriverlesscarsarebas

332、icallyatthislevel.译文：具有限制条件的无人驾驶（层次3）：该层次汽车能够在某个特定的驾驶交通环境下让驾驶员完全不用控制汽车，而且汽车可以自动检测环境的变化以判断是否返回驾驶员驾驶模式，可称之为“高度自动驾驶阶段”。谷歌无人驾驶汽车基本处于这个层次。TextExplanationUnmanneddrivingunderfullworkingconditions(level4):Thislevelof car completely controls the vehicle automatically. The vehicleindependently detects the tr

333、affic environment and can achieve alldrivingobjectives.Thedriveronlyneedstoprovideadestinationorenter navigation information, and does not need to control thevehicleatanytime.Itcanbecalled“fullyautomaticdrivingphaseorunmanneddrivingphase.译文：全工况无人驾驶（层次4）：该层次汽车完全自动控制车辆，全程检测交通环境，能够实现所有的驾驶目标，驾驶员只需提供目的地或

334、者输入导航信息，在任何时候都不需要对车辆进行操控，可称之为“完全自动驾驶阶段”或者“无人驾驶阶段”。请指出下图所示智能网联汽车部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage4KeyTechnologiesforIntelligentNetworkedVehiclesTextExplanationThe intelligent networked car is equipped with advanced sensors,controllers,actuatorsandotherdevices（SeeFig.8-9）.Itintegratesmoderncommunicationandnetwor

335、ktechnologytorealizeintelligentinformation exchange and sharing between vehicles and X (people,cars,roads,backgrounds,etc.).Itisanewgenerationofvehicleswithcomplex environmental awareness, intelligent decision making,collaborativecontrolandexecutioncapabilities.译文：智能网联汽车是指搭载先进传感器、控制器、执行器等装置（见图8-10），

336、融合现代通信与网络技术，实现车与X（人、车、路、后台等）的智能信息交换共享，具备复杂的环境感知、智能决策、协同控制和执行等功能的新一代汽车。TextExplanationThe mission of the environment-aware system is to use the main in-vehiclesensors such as cameras, radar, and ultrasound, as well as the V2Xcommunicationsystemtosensethesurroundingenvironment.Byextractingroadconditio

337、ninformationanddetectingobstacles,itprovidesdecision-makingbasisfor intelligentnetworkedvehicles.Duetothecomplexdrivingenvironmentofvehicles,currentsensingtechnologycannotmeettheneedsofautomaticdrivingdevelopment in terms of detection and recognition accuracy. However, deeplearning has proved to hav

338、e great advantages in complex environmentperception.Inthefieldofsensors,avarietyofin-vehiclesensorfusionsolutionshaveemergedtoobtainrichperipheralenvironmentinformation.High-precisionmapsandpositioningarealsoimportantsourcesofenvironmentalinformationforvehicles.TextExplanation译文：环境感知系统的任务是利用摄像头、雷达、超

339、声波等主要车载传感器以及V2X通信系统感知周围环境，通过提取路况信息、检测障碍物，为智能网联汽车提供决策依据。由于车辆行驶环境复杂，当前感知技术在检测与识别精度方面无法满足自动驾驶发展需要，深度学习被证明在复杂环境感知方面有巨大优势，在传感器领域，目前涌现了不同车载传感器融合的方案，用以获取丰富的周边环境信息，高精度地图与定位也是车辆重要的环境信息来源。TextExplanationThe decision-making mechanism should adapt to as many workingconditions as possible under the premise of en

340、suring safety, andmake correct decisions with comfort, energy saving and highefficiency.Commonlyuseddecisionmethodsincludestatemachines,decision trees, deep learning, and enhanced learning. The statemachineusesadirectedgraphtorepresentthedecisionmechanismandishighlyreadable.Itcanclearlyexpressthelog

341、icalrelationshipbetween states, but it needs manual design, and it is not easy toguarantee the performance when the state is complicated. Decisiontreesareawidelyusedclassifierwithareadablestructure.Itcanbebuiltbytrainingthesampledata,buthasatendencytooverfitandrequires extensive data training. The e

342、ffect is similar to that of thestatemachineandisappliedtoautomaticdrivinginsomeconditions.Deep learning and reinforcement learning can solve the complexworkingconditionsthroughalargeamountoflearningindealingwithautomatic driving decisions. Online learning optimization is alsopossible,buttheperforman

343、ceofunknownconditionsisnoteasytodetermine.TextExplanation译文：决策机制应在保证安全的前提下适应尽可能多的工况，进行舒适、节能、高效的正确决策。常用的决策方法有状态机、决策树、深度学习、增强学习等。状态机是用有向图表示决策机制，具有高可读性，能清楚表达状态间的逻辑关系，但需要人工设计，不易保证状态复杂时的性能。决策树是一种广泛使用的分类器，具有可读的结构，同时可以通过样本数据的训练来建立，但是有过拟合的倾向，需要广泛的数据训练。效果与状态机类似，在部分工况的自动驾驶上应用。深度学习与增强学习在处理自动驾驶决策方面，能通过大量的学习实现对复

344、杂工况的决策，并能进行在线的学习优化，但对未知工况的性能不易明确。TextExplanationThetaskofthecontrolsystemistocontrolthespeedanddirectionofthevehiclesothatittrackstheplannedspeedcurveandpath.Mostoftheexistingautomaticdrivingisforconventionalworkingconditions,and more traditional control methods are used. Its reliableperformanceandh

345、ighcomputationalefficiencyhavebeenappliedinactivesafetysystems.Inthefieldofcontrol,amulti-agentsystemisadynamic system formed by multiple agents with independentautonomyandinteractingthroughcertaininformationtopologies.TextExplanation译文：控制执行技术：控制系统的任务是控制车辆的速度与行驶方向，使其跟踪规划的速度曲线与路径。现有自动驾驶多数针对常规工况，较多采用传

346、统的控制方法。性能可靠、计算效率高，已在主动安全系统中得到应用。现有控制器的工况适应性是一个难点，可根据工况参数进行控制器参数的适应性设计。在控制领域中，多智能体系统是由多个具有独立自主能力的智能体，通过一定的信息拓扑结构相互作用而形成的一种动态系统。用多智能体系统方法来研究车辆队列，可以显著降低油耗、改善交通效率以及提高行车安全性。TextExplanationThe mode of vehicle communication can be divided into in-vehiclecommunication,inter-vehiclecommunication,andwide-area

347、communication according to the coverage of communication. In-vehiclecommunicationhasevolvedfromBluetoothtechnologytoWi-Fi technology and Ethernet communication technology.Inter-communicationcommunicationsincludededicatedshort-rangecommunicationtechnologiesandstandards-basedlong-termcommunication tec

348、hnologies for shop floor communications. Widearea communication refers to communication methods such as 5Gthat are widely used in the field of mobile Internet. Through thenetworkedwirelesscommunicationtechnology,thevehiclecommunicationsystemintegratesandanalyzesthedriverinformation,thevehicleinforma

349、tion,andtheenvironmentaldatasurroundingthevehiclemoreefficiently.Thevehicletransmitsitslocationinformationandmotioninformationtothecloudthroughcommunicationbetweenthe vehicle and the cloud platform. The cloud controller combinesroadinformationandtrafficinformationtooptimizevehiclespeedandgeartoimpro

350、vevehiclefueleconomyandimprovetrafficefficiency.TextExplanation译文：通信与平台技术：车载通信的模式，依据通信的覆盖范围可分为车内通信、车际通信和广域通信。车内通信，从蓝牙技术发展到Wi-Fi技术和以太网通信技术；车际通信，包括专用的短程通信技术和正在建立标准的车间通信长期演进技术。广域通信，指目前广泛应用在移动互联网领域的5G等通信方式。通过网联无线通信技术，车载通信系统将更有效地获得的驾驶员信息、自车的姿态信息和汽车周边的环境数据，进行整合与分析。通信与平台技术的应用，极大提高了车辆对于交通与环境的感知范围，为基于云控平台的汽车

351、节能技术的研发提供了支撑条件。车辆通过车与云平台的通信将其位置信息及运动信息发送至云端，云端控制器结合道路信息以及交通信息对车辆速度和挡位等进行优化，以提高车辆燃油经济性并提高交通效率。TextExplanationCombined with the actual development of intelligent networkedvehicles, the network management data object is determined andhierarchical management is implemented. Establish a data securitysyst

352、em for data storage security, transmission security, andapplication security three-dimensionality. Establish a data securitytechnologyframeworkincludingcloudsecurity,linesecurity,andendsecurity, and develop intelligent network association data securitytechnologystandards.Therearemanyinnovativeresear

353、chdirectionsaroundthesurroundingindustriesinthefieldofinformationsecuritytechnology.Forexample,intheaspectofinformationsecuritytestingandevaluation,theinformationsecurityattackandresearchofsmartcars is carried out by interfering with the vehicles communicationequipment and the on-board sensing devic

354、es such as radar andcamera.TextExplanation译文：信息安全技术：结合智能网联汽车发展实际，确定网联数据管理对象并实行分级管理，建立数据存储安全、传输安全、应用安全三维度的数据安全体系。建立包括云安全、管安全、端安全在内的数据安全技术框架，制定智能网联数据安全技术标准。围绕信息安全技术领域的周边行业，出现很多创新研究方向。比如在信息安全测试评估方面，通过干扰车辆的通信设备以及雷达和摄像头等车载传感设备，进行智能车的信息安全的攻防研究。PartIISkillTrainingReadthemodeltopologyofAudiA6L(C7)andanswert

355、hefollowingtwoquestions.1.WhattypesofCANbusareavailableontheAudiA6L(C7)?2.WhatcontrolmodulesareavailableontheAudiA6L(C7)MOSTbus?PartIIIExercisesExercise1：TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChineseorEnglish.1.ADAS2.控制器局域网3.Executor4.传感器5.ECU6.收发器7.Self-parking8.自适应巡航9.V2V10.免钥匙进入PartIIIExercisesExercise

356、2：MarkthefollowingstatementswithT（True）orF（False）accordingtothepassage.()1.Theworkingprincipleofpureelectricvehicleisbattery-current-powerregulator-motor-vehicledriving.( ) 2. Pure electric vehicles can be divided into lead-acid batteryelectricvehicles,nickel-hydrogenbatteryelectricvehiclesandlithiu

357、m-ionbatteryelectricvehiclesaccordingtothetypesofbatteries.()3.Hybridelectricvehicleshavemoreadvantagesthanpureelectricvehiclesindrivingmile-age.()4.Hybridelectricvehicleshavedifferentpowersystemconfigurations,whichcanbedivid-edintoseries,parallelandhybrid.()5.Whenthehybridelectricvehicleaccelerates

358、atfullload,itonlyneeds the power required in normal driving conditions to meet thepowerdemand.PartIIIExercisesExercise3：TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Atpresent,thenewenergyvehiclesaremainlynaturalgasvehicles,liquefiedpetroleumgasvehicles,electricvehicles,solarvehicles,fuelcell vehicles a

359、nd hybrid electric vehicles. Pure electric vehicles areequipped with storage batteries, motors, motor control devices andenergymanagementsystems,andthewayofenergysupplementischarging.PartIVListeningandSpeakingDialogue1A:HowcanIhelpyoutoday?B:Iwouldliketorentacar.A:Thatsalright.Wehaveseveralcarstocho

360、osefrom.Whatsizeareyoulookingfor?B:Illtakeamidsizecar.A:Howlongwillyouberentingthecar?B:Oneweek.A:Wouldyoulikeinsurance?B:Howmuchisit?A:Itis$14.95adayanditcoverseverythingregardlessoffault.B:Yesplease.A:CanIhaveyourname?B:LastnameisKing.KING.FirstnameisKerry.KERRY.A:Youraddressplease?B:IamfromCanada

361、.WouldyoulikemyaddressinCanada?A:Justthecityname.B:Vancouver,Canada.2024/7/30A:CanIseeyourdriverslicenseandacreditcard?B:Sure.Hereitis.A:Great.Thatwillbe$324.92.Wouldyoulikemetochargeitonthiscard?B:Yes.Thatwillbefine.A: Please sign here. You can pick up your car downstairs. Yourexpectedtimetoreturnt

362、hecarisJune29th.Thatisexactlyoneweek.Showtheattendantthisinvoice.Whenyoureturnthecar,bringthisinvoicewithyou.IsthereanythingelseIcandoforyou?B:Thatwillbeall.Thankyou.A:Thankyou.Goodbye.2024/7/30Dialogue2A:WhatelsecanIdoforyou?B:Yes.MayItakeatestdriveoftheHondaPilot?A:Yes,butwellhavetoundergosomeproc

363、eduresbeforeyougetthekey.Andisittheonlycaryoudliketohaveatry?B:ActuallyIminterestedinbothPilotandHighlander.HoweverIveeverdriventhelatterofmyfriends.A:Gotit.Canyoushowmeyourdriverslicense?B:Sure.Hereyouare.A:Thankyou!Ineedyourhomephonenumbertoo.B:+86-591-88881234A:Andyourcompanyanditsaddress?B:RainbowInternationalTradeCompanyatBuilding#1,High-TechZone,No.80FortuneRoad,HappyVillage,FuzhouCity,Fujian.A:Allright.Oneofoutattendants,JayLee,willbewithyouinthecar.AnythingelsecanIdoforyou?B:Thatwillbeall.Thankyou!A:Hereisthekey.Haveagoodride!B:Thanks! Thank you！