小学英语总复习知识点

上传人:cl****1 文档编号:569517691 上传时间:2024-07-30 格式:PDF 页数:16 大小:645.13KB
返回 下载 相关 举报
小学英语总复习知识点_第1页
第1页 / 共16页
小学英语总复习知识点_第2页
第2页 / 共16页
小学英语总复习知识点_第3页
第3页 / 共16页
小学英语总复习知识点_第4页
第4页 / 共16页
小学英语总复习知识点_第5页
第5页 / 共16页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述

《小学英语总复习知识点》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《小学英语总复习知识点(16页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。

1、第一部分:基础知识第一部分:基础知识1.1.字母字母:26 个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz2.2.语音语音:元音的发音五个元音字母:AEIOU3.3.词汇词汇:词汇量,近反义词4.4.句子句子:大小写,标点符号第二部分:语法知识第二部分:语法知识一一. .名词:名词单复数,名词的格名词:名词单复数,名词的格( (一一) )名词单复数名词单复数一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,加-es,如:bus-bu

2、ses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, peop

3、le-people, Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea( (二二) )名词的格名词的格有生命的东西的名词所有格:a) 单数后加 s 如: Lucys ruler my fathers shirtb) 以 s 结尾的复数名词后加 如: his friends bagsc) 不以 s 结尾的复数后加 s childrens shoes并列名词中,如果把 s 加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:Tom and Mikes car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是

4、共有的,应分别在并列名词后加sToms and Mikes cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2)(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:a picture of the classroom a map of China二二. .冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:(1)(1)不定冠词不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle元音开头的可数名词前用 an :an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an

5、 ID card / an alarm clock / an actor/ an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man/ an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /(2)(2)定冠词:定冠词:the the egg the plane2.2. 用法用法: :定冠词的用法:定冠词的用法:特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the

6、 desk.复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys arent at school.在序数词前: Johns birthday is February the second.用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠词的情况:不用冠词的情况:专有名词前:China is a big country.名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.复数名词

7、表示一类人和事:Monkeys cant swim. They are teachers.在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. Its Sunday.一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.球类 棋类运动前:They often playfootball after class. He plays chess at home.* * 但乐器前要用定冠词但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is

8、Mr Li.固定词组中:at noon at night by bus三、代词、形容词、副词三、代词、形容词、副词代词:人称代词,物主代词代词:人称代词,物主代词人称代词物主代词人称代词物主代词主格宾格主格宾格第一第一人称单数 I(我)me(宾格) my(我的)复数 we(我们)us (宾格)our(我们的)第二第二人称单数 you(你)you (宾格)your(你的)复数 you(你们)you(宾格) your(你们的)第三第三人称单数 he(他)him (宾格)his(他的)she(她)her(宾格) her(她的)it(它)it (宾格)its(它的)复数 they(他们/她们/它们)t

9、hem (宾格)their(他们的/她们的/它们的)形容词,副词:比较级,最高级形容词,副词:比较级,最高级( (一一) )、形容词的比较级、形容词的比较级1 1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词 than。比较级前面可以用 more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than 后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。2.2.形容词加形容词加 erer 的规则:的规则:一般在词尾加 er ;以字母 e 结尾,加 r ;以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 er ;以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把 y

10、 变 i,再加 er 。3.3.不规则形容词比较级:不规则形容词比较级:good-better, beautiful-more beautiful( (二二) )副词的比较级副词的比较级1.1.形容词与副词的区别形容词与副词的区别(有 be 用形,有形用 be;有动用副,有副用动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或 be 动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2.2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)四、数词:基数词、序数词四、数词:基数词、序数词(1)1-20(1)1-20

11、one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty(2)21-99(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。23twenty-three,34thirty-four,45fortyfive,56fifty-six,67sixty-seven,78seventy-eight,89eighty-nine,91ninety-one(3

12、)101(3)101999999 先说“几百”,再加先说“几百”,再加 andand,再加末两位数或末位数,再加末两位数或末位数; ;586five hundred and eighty-six,803eight hundred and three(4)l(4)l,000000 以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为 thousand.thousand.第二个“,”第二个“,”前为前为 millionmillion,第三个“,”前为,第三个“,”前为 billionbillion1,001one thousand a

13、nd one18,423eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three6,260,309six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine750,000,000,000seven hundred and fifty billion序数词序数词(1)(1)一般在基数词后加一般在基数词后加 ththeg.fourfourth,thirteenthirteenth(2)(2)不规则变化不规则变化onefirst, twosecond, threethird, fivefif

14、th, eighteighth, nineninth, twelvetwelfth(3)(3)以以 y y 结尾的十位整数,变结尾的十位整数,变 y y 为为 ieie 再加再加 ththtwentytwentieth, fortyfortieth, ninetyninetieth(4)(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。词。twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth基数词转为序数词的口诀:基数词转为序数词的口诀:基

15、变序,有规律,词尾加上基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.-th.一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母 t,d,d.t,d,d.八去八去 t,t,九去九去 e, vee, ve 要用要用 f f 替。替。tyty 将将 y y 变成变成 i i,thth 前面有个前面有个 e.e.若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。五、介词:常用介词:五、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behindin, on, at, behind 等等1.at1.at 表示时间概念的某一个点。表示时间概念的某一个点。( (在某时刻、时间、阶段等在某时刻、时间、阶段等)

16、)。at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)2.on2.on1)1)表示具体日期。表示具体日期。注:(1)关于在周末的几种表示法:at(on)the weekendat(on)weekendsover the weekend在周末-特指在整个周末在周末-泛指during the weekend在周末期间(2)在圣诞节,应说 at Christmas?而不说 on Christmas?2)2)在在( (刚)的时候。刚)的时候。On reaching the city he called up his parents.一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。3.i

17、n3.in1)表示时段、时期,在多数情况下可以和 during 互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)六、动词:动词的四种时态:六、动词:动词的四种时态:(1)(1)一般现在时:一般现在时:一般现在时的构成一般现在时的构成1. be 动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加

18、-s或-es。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。动词单三式变化规则动词单三式变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2.以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:study-studies(2)(2)一般过去时一般过去时: :动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:A A、规则动词、规则动词 一般直接在动词的后面加 ed:如 worked , learn

19、ed , cleaned , visited 以 e 结尾的动词直接加 d:如 lived , danced , used 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study studied carry carriedworry worried (注意 play、stay 不是辅音字母加 y,所以不属于此类) 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stoppedB B、不规则动词、不规则动词( (此类词并无规则,须熟记此类词并无规则,须熟记) )小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing sang , eat ate ,see sa

20、w , have had , do did , go went , take took , buy bought , get got ,read read ,fly flew , am/is was ,are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told , draw drew , come came , lose lost , find found , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt(3)(3)一般将来时:一般将来时:基本结构:be going to + do;will+ do. be goi

21、ng to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.(4)(4)现在进行时现在进行时: am,is,are+: am,is,are+动词现在分词动词现在分词动词现在分词详解 动词的 ing 形式的构成规则: 一般的直接在后面加上 ing , 如 doing , going , working , singing , eating 以 e 结尾的动词,要先去 e 再加 ing ,如 having , writing 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimmi

22、ng , sitting , getting第三部分:句法第三部分:句法1.1.陈述句陈述句(1)(1)肯定句:肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:Im a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.(2)(2)、否定句:、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:Im not a student. She is not (isnt) a

23、 doctor.He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom.He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening.2.2. 疑问句疑问句一般疑问句:一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。特殊疑问句:特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose ,

24、why , how 等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。3.There be3.There be 句型句型There beThere be 句型与句型与 have, hashave, has 的区别的区别1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)2、在 there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用 is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用 are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近 be 动词的那个名词决定。3、there be 句型的否定句在 be 动词后加 not , 一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。5、some 和 any 在

25、there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。6、and 和 or 在 there be 句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?1 1现在进行时表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作, 常与now,listen,look等词连用, 结构是主语+be动词(am,is, are)+动词 ing.如:It is raining now.外面正在下雨It is six

26、oclock now.现在 6 点了My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.我父母正在客厅看报纸Look! The children are having a running race now.看!孩子们正在赛跑问句将 be 动词移前,否定句在 be 动词后+not.2 2一般现在时表示经常反复发生的事情或动作, 常与 often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(weekyear) on Sundays 等词连用。结构是主语+动词原形;当主语为第三人称单数即 he,she, it,

27、 Tom, my mother, the boy 等词时,动词后加 s 或 es.如:We have an English lesson every day.我们每天都要上英语课Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.男孩比女孩跑的快吗?是的问句借助于 do, does 否定句借助于 dont, doesnt,后面动词一定要还原。3 3一般过去时表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态,常与 just now; a moment ago; ago; yesterday;last ( week; month; year; Monday; w

28、eekend); this morning 等词连用。结构是主语+be 动词的过去式(was; were)或主语+动词的过去式。注意:be 动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。如:My earphones were on the ground just now.我的耳机刚刚还在呢。Where were you last week? I was at a camp.你上个星期去哪了?我去野营了What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm你昨天去干嘛了?我去参观农场了。问句有 be 动词将 be 动词移前,没有 be 动词借助于 did,后面动词还原;否定句有

29、be 动词在后面加 not,没有借助于 didnt 后面动词还原。4 4一般将来时表示将要打算发生的事情或动作,常与 tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday), thisweek( weekend ;evening; afternoon;)today 等词连用。结构是主语+be(am, is, are)going to + 动原或主语+will +动原。如:What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.你明天要去干嘛?我要去野餐。The childre are going to have

30、 a sports meeting next week.孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.Tom 今晚将和父母去看演出。问句将 be 动词或 will 移前;否定句在 be 动词或 will 后加 not.5 5情态动词can; cant; should; shouldnt; must; may 后一定加动词原形。如:The girl cant swim, but she can skate.女孩不会游泳,但是会滑冰Dont talk in class, you should l

31、isten to the teacher carefully.不要再课上说话,你应该认真听老师讲。6 6祈使句肯定祈使句以动词原形开头;否定祈使句以 dont 加动词原形开头。如:Open the box for me ,please.请为我打开盒子。Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.刘涛,明天请早点起床!Dont walk on the grass!不要在草地上走!Helen! Dont climb the tree,please.海伦!不要爬树。7 7go 的用法去干嘛用 go +动词 ing如: go swimming; go fishing

32、;go skating;go camping;go running;go skiing;go rowing8 8比较than 前用比较级;asas 之间用原级。如:My mother is two years younger than my father.我妈比我爸年轻两岁。Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.刘涛跳得和本一样远。9 9喜欢做某事用 like +动词 ing 或 like+ to + 动原。如: Su Yang likes growing flowers.苏阳喜欢种花。The children like to play with lanterns at Sp

33、ring Festival.孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。1010想要做某事用 would like +to+动原或 want + to +动原。例:Id like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum1111some用于肯定句中,在否定句和问句中改为 any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用如:Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?1212代词人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前,主格分别是 I you he she it

34、we you they。宾格做宾语用,一般放在动词或介词后如:Open them for me. Let us , join me等。宾格分别是 me you him her it us you them。形容词性物主代词放在名词前,不能单独使用,分别是 my your his her its our your their名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词, 它只能单独使用后面不好加名词, 分别是 mine yours hishers its ours yours theirs。1313介词介词后要么不加动词,加动词只能加动词 ing 形式如:be good at running;do well

35、in jumping;1414时间介词季节前,月份前用介词 in如:in summer;in March具体的哪一天如星期几,几月几日用介词 on如:on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning在几点钟前用介词 at如: at a quarter to four;只在上下午晚上用 in如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;但在夜间用 at night。另:季节,月份和星期前不加 the.1515名词复数构成的方法有规则的有:(1)直接在名词后加 s如 orangeoranges; phot

36、ophotos;(2) 以 x, s, sh, ch 结尾的加 es如:boxboxes; glassglasses; waitresswaitresses; watchwatches;peach-peaches(3) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的改 y 为 i 加 es如:studystudies;librarylibraries; hobbyhobbies; familyfamilies;(4)以 f, fe 结尾的改 f, fe 为 ves 如:knifeknives; thiefthieves(注:以 o 结尾的我们学过的只有 mango 加 es, mangomangoes 其余加 s,

37、)不规则的有:manmen; womanwomen; peoplepeople; childchildren1616动词第三人称单数的构成(1)直接在动词后加 s如:runruns; dancedances(2)以 s,sh,ch,o 结尾的加 es如:dodoes;gogoes;washwashes;catchcatches(3)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的改 y 为 i 加 es如:studystudies; carrycarries;1717现在分词的构成(1)直接在动词后加 ing如:singsinging; skiskiing;(2)双写词尾加 ing如:swimswimming; jo

38、gjogging;runrunning;(3)以不发音的 e 结尾的去 e 加 ing如:rideriding; dancedancing; makemaking;1818规则动词过去式的构成(1)直接在动词后加 ed如:cleancleaned; milkmilked; playplayed;(2)以 e 结尾的直接加 d如:dancedanced; tastetasted;(3) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的改 y 为 i 加 ed如:studystudied;carrycarried;(4)双写词尾加 ed如:stopstopped; jogjogged;不规则的有:am,iswas; ar

39、ewere; do,doesdid; have,hashad; gowent; meetmet; sitsat; seesaw; getgot; telltold; runran; comecame; stealstole;readread;1919形容词副词比较级的构成规则的:(1)直接在形容词或副词后加 er如;smallsmaller; lowlower;(2)以 e 结尾的加 r如:latelarer;(3)双写词尾加 er如:bigbigger; thinthinner; fatfatter;(4) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的改 y 为 i 加 er如:heavyheavier; ea

40、rlyearlier;不规则的有:good, wellbetter(最高级为 best); many, much- more(最高级为 most); far-farther;2121比较级注意只有同类事物才可进行比较。如:My eyes are bigger than hers.Your school bag is heavier than mine. My computeris nicer than Nancys. My brother is stronger than me.2222have, has表示某人有(has 用于第三人称单数);There is/ are;There was/

41、were 表示某地存在有注意 There be 句型的就近原则单数或不可数用 there is /was;复数用 there are/ were.2323本身就是复数的词眼镜 glasses; 耳机 earphones; 鞋 shoes;裤子 trousers 等词本身是复数。如:My glasses were on the chair just now.但如果表示这双,这副,一双的时候用单数如:There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate. This pair of earphones is for you.2424五个元音字母分别是 Aa, Ee,

42、Ii, Oo, Uu;2525一个的用法a 用于辅音前不是辅音字母前;an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。如:There is an s, a t, a u, a d ,an e, an n,and a t in theword student.2626时间表示法有两种:(1)直接读时钟和分钟。如 6:10 读成 six ten; 7:30 读成 seven thirty; 8:45 读成 eight forty-five;(2)用 to 与 past 表示。在半小时包括半小时以内用几分 past 几点如:6:10 读成 ten past six; 7:30 读成 half past seven;

43、过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分如 7:45 读成 a quarter to eight; 9:50 读成 ten to ten;2727基数词变序数词的方法基变序有规律,结尾加上 th; 一二三特殊例,结尾字母 t、d(即 first, second, third);八去t,九去e,ve要用f替 (即eigheighth; nineninth; five- fifth ;twelvetwelfth) ;ty 改 y 为 ie 后加 th 别忘记(即整十数如 twentytwentieth;fortyfortieth);几十几十位为基个位为序(如第二十一为 twenty-first)。另外强调序数

44、词前一定要加 the。2828日期的表示法用 the+序数词+ of +月如:三月三日 the third of March;12 月 25 日 the 25th of December.2929both 表示两者都如:My parents are both teachers.all 表示三者以上都如:The students are all very excited.3030节日的表示法有 day 的节日前用 on.没有 day 的节日前用 at,如:at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Years Day.3131激动兴奋的

45、excited 表示激动的,兴奋地主语是人;exciting 表示令人激动的,令人兴奋的主语是事情如:The running race is very exciting, so all the students are very excited.赛跑非常令人激动,因此所有的学生都很激动。3232比较两者比较用比较级,三者以上比较用最高级如:Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does谁跑得更快,男孩还是女孩?男孩。Which season do you like best? I like autumn best.你最喜欢哪个季节?我最喜欢

46、秋天。Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better.你更喜欢哪个季节,夏天还是冬天?我更喜欢冬天。3333动词还原的用法前面用了 do, does did, dont, doesnt didnt 后面动词要还原。如:Did she watch TV last night?Helen doesnt like taking photos.3434到了到达用 get to但注意到家,到这儿,到那儿不可以加 to如:get home; get here; get there,另外 go home; com

47、e here; go there 也一样。3535长着和穿着长着什么用 with如:the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩;穿着什么用 in如:the man in black 穿黑衣服的男人或:the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的妇女3636让某人做某事用 let sb 后加动词原形如:Lets water the flowers together.是该做的时候了用 Its time for+名词或 Its time to +动原。帮助某人做某事是 help sb with sth如:帮我学英语是 help me with my English3838运动和乐器球类之前不加 the;乐器之前必须加 the如:play the piano; play football3939get 后加比较级表示变得更怎么样如:get stronger; getlonger

展开阅读全文
相关资源
正为您匹配相似的精品文档
相关搜索

最新文档


当前位置:首页 > 建筑/环境 > 施工组织

电脑版 |金锄头文库版权所有
经营许可证:蜀ICP备13022795号 | 川公网安备 51140202000112号