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1、1Agreement主谓一致主谓一致YuanXiaofeng Useful structures语法详解：语法详解： 所谓主谓一致是指所谓主谓一致是指主语主语和和谓语动词谓语动词之之间间, ,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。语动词对应的形式。The boy _ diving.They _ diving.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.isareareisareFinish the following exercises:
2、Bob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob _workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.isBill Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English. knows/knowAll of them _ workers.None of them _ (know) how to teach English.are knows/know5做主谓一致题的三原则做主谓一致题的三原则： 一、语法一致原则一、语法一致原则 二、就
3、近原则二、就近原则 三、意义一致原则三、意义一致原则61.单数名词作主语，谓语用单数名词作主语，谓语用 数，主语为复数名词，数，主语为复数名词，谓语动词用谓语动词用 数。数。2.不定式，动名词，从句作主语谓动用不定式，动名词，从句作主语谓动用 数，定语从句数，定语从句的谓语动词取决于的谓语动词取决于 。3. 主语后面有主语后面有as well as ,except , but, with 等引导的词时等引导的词时 ，谓语的单复数通常与这些词前面的主语，谓语的单复数通常与这些词前面的主语 。4.each(eachand each,),every (everyand every或或 some-,a
4、ny-,every-，no-构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语用语用 数。数。5.either,neither作主语，谓语动词常用作主语，谓语动词常用 数。数。 复复语法一致语法一致先行词先行词保持一致保持一致单单单单单单单单7谓语动词该用单数还是用复数形式，取决谓语动词该用单数还是用复数形式，取决于于最邻近它的名词、代词或其它词的单复数最邻近它的名词、代词或其它词的单复数。 Either _A_ or_ B _ Neither _A_ nor _ B_Not only_A_but also_B_There be _ A _ and _ B_就近原则就近原则动词Thin
5、king makes you clever就近原则就近原则81.There are some water and an apple on the desk._2.Either her mother or her father call for her everyday._3.Not only you but also he are in trouble._4.Either his brothers or he have a car._5.Are he or she afraid to go out at night?_is_calls_is_has_Is91.主语是主语是family , po
6、lice等词，谓语根据意义可用等词，谓语根据意义可用 数数.2.名词性物主代词名词性物主代词作主语，谓语取决于它代指的作主语，谓语取决于它代指的 所所 表示的意义。表示的意义。3.时间、距离、金钱时间、距离、金钱再多也是再多也是 数。数。4.None of +复数名词复数名词作主语，谓语可用作主语，谓语可用 数形式。数形式。5. all, some, most, any, the rest, 分数或百分数分数或百分数等作主语时，等作主语时，谓语依照后面的谓语依照后面的 而确定。而确定。6.The +adj.作主语，谓语用作主语，谓语用 数。数。单或复单或复名词名词单或复单或复名词的单复数名词的
7、单复数复复单单意义一致意义一致1. 不定代词不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语作主语,谓谓语动词视情况而定。语动词视情况而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。整个苹果都烂了。 are isNone of the money_ left. 没有剩下一点钱。没有剩下一点钱。None of the students _ there. 没有学生在那里。没有学生在那里。 is isNone None 和和 neither neither 有时当作单
8、数看待，有时有时当作单数看待，有时当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。须用单数。Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English.None of them _ (know) how to teach English. knows/know knows/know2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of;
9、 percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主在句子中加名词作主语的时候语的时候,谓语动词与谓语动词与of后面的名词后面的名词保持一致。保持一致。Half of the students _finished theircomposition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的苹果坏了。一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _boys. 我们学校我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生大约百分之六十的学生是男生.havei
10、sare3. 集合名词作主语集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体整体谓语动词用单谓语动词用单数；指数；指全体人员全体人员时时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。His family _going out. 他们全家要外出。他们全家要外出。His family _all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。is a
11、re 4. 某些名词如某些名词如people, police, cattle等等,形式上形式上是单数是单数, 但意义上是复数但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复谓语动词应用复数数。people指指“民族民族”时是例外。时是例外。 The police _ searching for a thief. The cattle _ eating grass on the hill.areare5. 复合不定代词作主语复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用谓语动词要用单数单数，如，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybo
12、dy, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone_ asking for you. 有人找你。有人找你。Nothing _ found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。在屋子里什么也没找到。isis6. 某些名词如某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等等, 通常只用其复数形式通常只用其复数形式, 但但当它们被当它们被a pair of 修饰时修饰时, 谓语动词谓语动词用单数。如用单数。如: The shoes _ worn out. 鞋子破了。鞋子破了。 The pair
13、of shoes _ worn out. 这双鞋破了。这双鞋破了。 areis名词如名词如trousers, pants, shorts, trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, scissorsglasses, scissors以及以及clothes, goodsclothes, goods等等做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有a/the pair ofa/the pair of修饰时，谓动用单数修饰时，谓动用单数。7.某些名词以某些名词以s结尾如结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plast
14、ics 等，谓语动词等，谓语动词应用单数。应用单数。物理是一门很有趣的学科。物理是一门很有趣的学科。 Physics is a very interesting subject.8. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短语中在以上短语中and连连接的单数名词接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主整个短语在句中作主语时语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。谓语动词常使用单数。 Each man and each woman_ asked to attend. is班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。听不到任何
15、声音。听不到任何声音。Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.No sound and no voice is heard.9. 以以a number of 作主语时作主语时, 谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数; 以以the number of 作主语时作主语时, 谓谓语动词用单数。语动词用单数。 A number of new books_ on the desk. The number of students in you class _ 50. areis10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作作主语的
16、时候主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决其谓语动词由上下文决定定, 这一类名词有这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。等。 Not every means _ useful. 不是每种方法都好使。不是每种方法都好使。 Not all means _ useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。不是所有的方法都好使。isare11. many a, more than one, one and a half与单数名词组成的短语与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。谓语用单数。 Many a boy _ （have）seen
17、it. 许多孩子都看到了。许多孩子都看到了。12. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常谓语动词常用单数。用单数。 Thirty years _ （be）not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel.hasis25Watch and talk again.1.None of people _ (like) to get up early in the morning.2.The rich _(have) much money.3.His friends boo
18、ks are new ,but his _(be) old.4._(be) there any police around?5.His family _(be) not large.6.Ten pounds _(be) not so heavy. Likes/likehaveareAreis is1. this kind of book = a book of this kind (这种书这种书) , 其谓语用单数其谓语用单数; 短语短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口语口语) (这一类人这一类人), 但但th
19、is kind of men 的谓语用单数的谓语用单数, men of this kind 和和these kind of men 的谓的谓语用复数语用复数, all kinds of 后跟复数名词后跟复数名词, 谓语用复数形式。例如：谓语用复数形式。例如：应该注意的几个问题应该注意的几个问题: This kind of men _(be) dangerous. Men of this kind _（be）dangerous.2. 在主谓倒装的句子中在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如与其后的主语一致。例如: Between the two windows _
20、（hang）a picture.isarehangs3. “分数或百分数分数或百分数+名词名词”构成的短语以构成的短语以及由及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词名词”构成的短语作主语时构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词后面的名词的数保持一致的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如词是修饰语。例如:Lots of damage(损
21、失损失)_ caused by fire.(be)About three-fourths of the earths surface _ (be)covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here _women.和这种情况类似的还有和这种情况类似的还有“a number of + 名词复数名词复数”。但是但是,“the number of + 名词名词”的中心词却是的中心词却是number。试比较：试比较： wasisareA number of students _ （have）gone to the countryside to help
22、 with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book _（be）two hundred.haveis注意注意:a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短其短语作主语时语作主语时,谓语动词用谓语动词用单数。单数。A large quantity of people _ （be）needed here.isquantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语其短语作主语时时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如谓语动词一般用复数。例如:Quantities of foo
23、d (nuts) _ （be） on the table.短语短语in quantity, in large quantities 意为意为 “大量大量”; in small quantities 意为意为“少量少量”。 were4. a great deal of, a large amount of, 修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用谓语动词通常用单数单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时其短语作主语时, 谓谓语动词通常用语动词通常用复数复数。例如。例如:A large amount of (A
24、 great deal of) damage _ （be）done in a very short time.Large amounts of money _ （be）spent on the bridge.waswere5. 表示数量的表示数量的one and a half 后后, 名词要名词要用复数形式用复数形式, 但是其短语作主语时但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如：谓语动词用单数形式。例如： One and a half bananas _ （be） left on the table.is6. 如果主语由如果主语由“the + 形容词形容词(或过去分词或过去分词)”结构担任
25、时结构担任时,谓语通常用复数谓语通常用复数;这类词这类词有有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf , the injured, the wounded等等; 但也有但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。例如：则用单数。例如：The blind _ in special school.The departed(死者死者)_ a well-known engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时这类
26、形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就就要与名词要与名词man, person 或表示人的单数连或表示人的单数连用。例如用。例如: an old man, a rich person, the (a) wounded soldier.studywas35由此我们要注意由此我们要注意： 1 1、一些学科名词是以一些学科名词是以 -ics 结尾结尾,如如:maths, politics, physics 以及以及news等等,作主语时作主语时,其谓语要用其谓语要用单数单数。2.2. glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时等词作主语时,谓语用谓语用复复数数,但如果这些名词前有但如果
27、这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰等量词修饰时时,谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数。3 3、andand 连接两个单词做连接两个单词做主语主语时，要看时，要看表示的表示的意义意义来决定谓语动词用来决定谓语动词用单数单数形式还是用形式还是用复数复数。4 4、 a number of许多许多,作定语修饰复数名词作定语修饰复数名词,谓语谓语用用复数复数;the number of的数量的数量,主语是主语是number,谓语用谓语用单数单数。 36【 SUM UP 】 中考主谓一致方面的考题主要考知识的记中考主谓一致方面的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择，忆情况
28、。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择，完型填空，词语运用等。完型填空，词语运用等。 做这类题时，做这类题时，一、必须找出句子的一、必须找出句子的真正主语真正主语，然后根据记忆，然后根据记忆 的知识的知识 作出判断。作出判断。二、要遵循三个原则二、要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和语法一致、意义一致和 就近原则。就近原则。 主谓一致练习1. Now Tom with his classmates _ football on the playground.A. play B. are playingC. plays D. is playing2. Thirty dollars _ too expe
29、nsive.A. are B. is C. were D. be3. If anybody _, please put down _ name, said the teacher to the monitor.A. wants to buy the book/his B. want to buy the book/theirC. will buy the book/ones D. wants to have the book bought/her4. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room.A. are B. is stayed C.
30、 is D. are left5. Between the two roads _ a TV tower called Skyscraper Tower.A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand6. - Shall I wait here for three hours? -Yes. Three hours _ to wait for such a doctor.A. are not very long for you B. is not long enough for youC. was not long enough for you D.
31、 will be too long for you7. Every student and every teacher _.A. are going to attend the meeting B. have attended the meetingC. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting8. This pair of shoes _.A. is her B. is hersC. are hers D. are her9.What we need _good textbooks. A. is B. are C. have D.
32、 has10._ has been done. A. ninetynine percents of the work B. Half of what he promised C. Two-fifths of the articles D. Three quarter of the business 15.The writer and actor _ invited to give us a report on plays in China. A.were B.have been C.was D.has 解析：解析：the writer and actorthe writer and actor指一个人指一个人( (既是作家也是演员既是作家也是演员) )， 谓语动词应为单数。谓语动词应为单数。 答案：答案：C
