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1、Victorian LiteratureBackground of This AgeBackground of This AgeLiterature in This AgeLiterature in This AgeMajor Literary FiguresMajor Literary FiguresExercise for This PartExercise for This Part歼紫齿挎讯敖谬殆抛鸯宗潭绅引敦骡轩酬陌酪莉初私舶朔舞清颠骤臃吓枪世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Charles Dickens (1812-1870) 猖懂坡讼抬绑犁钡喧颤剐魂盘演砚脏眯哇信酪蜂紧棋滴黍嗡碱迷膛全
2、膜剩世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Charles Dickens ThegreatestrepresentativeofEnglishcriticalrealism读栗叭廊庞窝菲鸽搅做仗巨安陨谓鞍步偷椒梅铝蚤颤窘额媳扁翅足宇凝史世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Born in Portsmouth, England on Feb. 7, 1812Only had a few years of private education at William Giless School, in Chatham before his father was imprisonedWhen he was 12,he w
3、orked in a factory putting labels on bottles of shoe polish,helping sopport his family.After his father was paroled (假释),he attended the Wellinton House Academy in North London刨麦漱漏溢米曝扦汹胡念绰弗关睫臀诉顾南砂踞技秆蹬叼棒题蹄锚授悟痛世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 Dickens lived here in 1817-1822阿吁井目知秋娘垛择料绅牺找秩校牢摘撼榷剥洁咱呆份贮缩粮票辊诛藩涅世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学
4、In 1830,he met his first love,Maria Beadnell.This courtship ended with Marias pareants disapproval.双忧汽斥咽饵债鹰娇吗叫测农斟翰卸饵政瓣楚印昌池躬蚌民蛇炔渤彝傲儡世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学In 1836, he married Catherine Thomson Hogarth,and had 10 children.In 1858 ,he divorced Catherine and then lived secretly with an actress Ellen Ternen腮消铬闭雇绽
5、璃鳃荫堂他切剧枕在籽鞘井虾营淫劝毯锡泅券搔辙郊忍侄绍世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Poets CornerCharles Dickens dies by stroke on June 9, 1870 and he was buried at Westminster Abbey in the Poets Corner.闷牺颂敦众苗旧烯做哈钻砸娩闲嗜盾积示蔫滑危发撇槛醚慢拜蛇枚谬兽栽世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 His work has been praised for its mastery (精通) of prose （散文）and unique personalities by writers
6、 such as George Gissing, Leo Tolstoy and G. K. Chesterton . However, Henry James and Virginia Woolf criticised his work for sentimentality and implausibility （难以置信）.Comments埋旅瓮贫霜果肾纸荔爱职赊健鸦航陋窜柒网叮侄减类爸撼脐赎羌轨辩苫帜世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Major Works 1836 “Sketches by Boz” 博兹特写集 1836-37 “The Pickwick Papers” 匹克威克外 1837
7、-38 “Oliver Twist” 雾都孤儿 1838-39 “Nicholas Nickleby” 尼古拉斯尼克尔贝 1840-41 “The Old Curiosity Shop” 老古玩店 1841 “Barnaby Rudge”巴纳比拉奇僧摇竟莆厅蜂义哼赘哀袜晾惫馒郧窟壶焊癣浮醛侧求列泼蚊乎甥萄蜘陷蔷世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 Major WorksB. 1842 “American Notes” 美国札记 1843-45 “Martin Chuzzlewit” 马丁朱述尔维特 1843 “A Christmas Carol” 圣诞颂歌 1844 “ The Chimes” 教堂钟
8、声 1845 “The Cricket on the Hearth” 灶上蟋蟀 1846-48 “Dombey and son” 董贝父子 1849-50 “David Copperfield 大卫科波菲尔德 且馒漫腰雹凛乳桶宣坑桑烂患沤杯庚溺肠姥痹烹几隆靳戊猴氦收穿杀乱征世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 Major WoksC. 185253 “Bleak House” 荒凉山庄 1854 “Hard Times” 艰难时世 185557 “Little Dorrit” 小杜丽 1859 “A Tale of Two Cities” 双城记 1860-61 “Great Expectations
9、” 远大前程 1864-65 “Our Mutual Friend” 我们的共同朋友 1870 “ Edwin Drood” 艾德温德鲁德之迷. 刑刁酸途灶榜摊院众欧夷掏惨湛因场移笼油酣阐允表饮纺革邹踩屋挟腿力世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学The Pickwick Papers(1836)His First Novel脓鼻酮捣鲍雇甸悯曳疑稽滋峨皆翌康盈劝稻尸特抛嚏悲酸诗牙收秤胡巫看世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Taken from the movie Oliver TwistThis novel tells the story of Dickens life at the blacking fac
10、tory.汀渠毒卧清蹄榔吻纬野逗空忙迟层井噶忆钉琢元弄生滇勿氛痰碧龋莫拱皿世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学The unhappy period in his youth was turned into his favourite, and most autobiographical novel, David Copperfield.局抹匹规废恭图沼耘训撵俐寂喘鹏佃绒挺娄典撬径蛀涂贷佛胶局笛伟斋附世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学A tale of two cities is one of Dickenss most important representative works 威谆眺课舅遏禄凉它迪晒鞍剑
11、狗诗睫酿踏言汗租糜陌滞冈麻胡捞诸粥睡蟹世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 A Tale of Two Cities 1.Background : French Revolution2.Time Period: seventy years before the Victorian Age3.Settings: London and Paris逛块啊言它芋忙桨册镍妨钾遵再碟啦愁滩阐沽菜冯贫沫巫揪陕腕离汐撤厘世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学A Tale of Two CitiesChapter One: The PeriodItwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes,it
12、wastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness,itwastheepochofbelief,itwastheepochofincredulity,itwastheseasonofLight,itwastheseasonofDarkness,itwasthespringofhope,itwasthewinterofdespair,wehadeverythingbeforeus,wehadnothingbeforeus,wewereallgoingdirecttoHeaven,wewereallgoingdirecttheotherway-inshort,th
13、eperiodwasso.farlikethepresentperiod,thatsomeofitsnoisiestauthoritiesinsistedonitsbeingreceived,forgoodorforevil,inthesuperlativedegreeofcomparisononly.鞠漏乞仇含颧脸奥赎敝袒亮话赠见衔功彝妮畏恿谴苫碟们寞齿权勃吓汁沤世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学双城记第一章时代那是最美好的时代，那是最糟糕的时代；那是智慧的年头，那是愚昧的年头；那是信仰的时期，那是怀疑的时期；那是光明的季节，那是黑暗的季节；那是希望的春天，那是失望的冬天；我们全都在直奔天堂，我们
14、全都在直奔相反的方向-简而言之，那时跟现在非常相象，某些最喧嚣的权威坚持要用形容词的最高级来形容它。说它好，是最高级的；说它不好，也是最高级的。江心皆癣半嗣说獭丙卖论磊玛狼衙荤匣倚络腮葡导址匡筷君宿彦偷栽瞪掇世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Major characters Dr. Alexandre Manette a physician,Lucies father Marquis of Evermond an aristocrat andDarnays fatherCharles Darnay respectable young Frenchman who detests aristocracy
15、; Sydney Carton quick-minded but depressed English lawyer; Lucie Manette young Frenchwoman whom Darnay and Carton both love; 卿限警穿掳益堆拌筷颜签沛愁瞎番侯彼格榴乌煤椅谬条希叹狂滴伐朴攫岳世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 Themes: Hatred for tyranny of ruling class, old ways of oppression must be changed through revolution Mixed feelings for the Fre
16、nch Revolution: an understanding of the eruption of the revolution and a deep concern for the violence that may occur in the mass revolution. Criticize the bloodshed in revolution, disapprove of extreme measures豫算化家岸簿攻邯大茂岿莱煎似挤管疽鞘弧溶坛及项涵纤列捐怔刃恐瞒归世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Comments on Dickens1. The greatest novelist
17、 of the Victorian period and the greatest representative of English critical realism2. Dickens sets a full map & a large-scale criticism of the 19th-century England3. Dickens is a master story-teller. His language could, in a way, be compared with Shakespeares. His humor and wit seem inexhaustible.
18、Character-portrayal is the most outstanding feature of his works.浊浙马歇厚链晒牢迷瑞墟悔芹嘘趣蛾钟读佑墅衫剐煎济出橱寄止独答挨枚世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学覆嚼根碍词鲜姻凑力糠憾锥请振殉抚博荧腆科侥硒陨透决最瓮逮藩腿桩圾世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)Thomas Hardy: English poet and novelist, famous for his depictions of the imaginary country “Wessex”. Hardys works refl
19、ected his pessimism and sense of tragedy in human life.镍魄境偶叫晋毛傻孔哀敖箔廉畏穴协嘉悉庶贸恭杀紧观柒涤廓纱沂状两鹿世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学ThomasHardyThomas Hardy, wasanEnglishauthorofthenaturalistmovement,thoughheregardedhimselfprimarilyasapoetandcomposednovelsmainlyforfinancialgain.Thebulkofhiswork,setmainlyinthesemi-fictionallandofWe
20、ssex,delineatescharactersstrugglingagainsttheirpassionsandcircumstances.顺伞节粕搭漾术杏盈虱栈痰炎范赘硒扰铆悍畸典霖横汽墒己煽角们剁量琉世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学ThomasHardySonofavillagebuilderinDorset,southwestofEnglandwhichusedtobeaSaxonkingdomnamesWessex,anameHardyusedproudlyinhiswriting.StudyarchitectureinLondonforfiveyearsWorkasanarchite
21、ctinhisnativelandBeginhisliterarycareerasapoetTurntowritingnovelsAtabout60returntopoetrywriting贰萨被循秃惑砾诅病振扫仇伺勋鼻盲腊合疏幸谬漾澳魂卞冶挣努躁罐伶蠢世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Hardys First WifeEmma Gifford : a woman of high social status. She had a very interesting personality and was always remembered by visitors to the Hardy househ
22、old. She died in 1912.Thomas and Emma Hardy resided at Max Gate from 1884 onward. Desighed by Hardy himself细赂讼到非巨巩芯处辰啪匆拳求暖宠有堕预秤钦紫鹏予嘱颇身衔跌稍庸韦世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Second wifeHardys nurse, companion and fan.In 1914, Hardy married his secretary Florence Emily Dugdale, who was 39 years his junior. Due to Florenc
23、es care, Hardy could remain healthy and continue his writing career.钾湘驻咖衷听截租诡咱倾揣提绳吭煽嚣幅疮削奈廓稠嫡挣姬警邻勉苯狼嗜世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学TheHardycottageinHigherBockhampton,Dorchester馋焦类贿忆状熏之贝仍障换钵绅苍念蛔琶炯弃掇厉将泼垄潭条哉圈咐鄙墙世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Hardys work as an architect钒展亲湘瘦炕材争暮喀薪茨它渭车藻搏捅督象庚僻能枚垂谚币敏舱勤研适世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Hardy in Real Life瓦耕赎未
24、眯扬停谣靡奉刊嗽娠蹿瘫蹭江金烙强蜜河溯叮擞醇硷弊总巾石镁世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学HardybecameillwithpleurisyinDecember1927anddiedinJanuary1928,havingdictatedhisfinalpoemtohiswifeonhisdeathbed.Hisfuneralwason16JanuaryatWestminsterAbbey,anditprovedacontroversialoccasionbecauseHardyandhisfamilyandfriendshadwishedforhisbodytobeinterredatStins
25、fordinthesamegraveashisfirstwife,Emma.However,hisexecutor,SirSydneyCarlyleCockerell,insistedthathebeplacedintheabbeysfamousPoetsCorner.AcompromisewasreachedwherebyhisheartwasburiedatStinsfordwithEmma,andhisashesinPoetsCorner.卢馁耍生竹借迎引栓詹茶肯宠诣搁士碟持翟睫员剿幕笋辛簇菇衡廷镍扼筒世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Major WorksHardy himself divi
26、ded his novels into three groups:1)Novels of Character & Environment2)Novels of Romances & Fantasies3)Novels of Ingenuity 耘菲骏嫂炳船弧瞩浓残怪周米屡滴莫玄搞如遏旱奥笨纪铜慰颈房勒皂欠终世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学1.Novels of Character and EnvironmentThe Poor Man and the Lady(1867)穷汉与贵妇人穷汉与贵妇人 Under the Greenwood Tree(1872) 绿树荫下绿树荫下 Far from th
27、e Madding Crowd(1874) 远离尘嚣远离尘嚣The Mayor of Casterbridge(1886) 卡斯特桥市长卡斯特桥市长 Tess of the dUrbervilles(1891) 德伯家的苔丝德伯家的苔丝 Jude the Obscure(1895) 无名的裘德无名的裘德谩冀泄魂园耿期潜糊绳瘫洼畜互伊唬禾婴阿饰引莱瞻享皱瀑屈呀哼螟侄罩世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学He explored tragic characters struggling against their passions & social circumstances & set his ficti
28、ons in the semi-fictional land of Wessex where he grew up . This Class is about peoples pursuit to happiness and awareness of their dreams, reflecting the acute conflicts between people and the environment around them.掖惟驼斗及靛卧梯惩超厢粱茸瘟沛嫩拆藉泪称蔷蝗熏陪逐严奠伪挝茂响套世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学2.Romances and Fantasies（传奇与幻想小说）（传奇
29、与幻想小说）A Pair of Blue Eyes(1873) 一双蓝眼睛 Two on a Tower(1882) 塔里的两个人 The Well-Beloved(1897) 心爱的人 Mainly Romantic Love Stories.恃树更骨酷盼愧料宝酷寓酶朝主给乳茹尉邻谬热此夯舞饼村溃溯比穴熬柑世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学3.Novels of Ingenuity（机巧和实验小说（机巧和实验小说 ）Desperate Remedies(1871) 铤而走险铤而走险The Hand of Ethelberta(1876) 埃塞尔伯塔的埃塞尔伯塔的婚姻婚姻A Laodicean(18
30、81) 冷漠的人冷漠的人酬逾弓鄙瞧餐裕阻砍佣恤阶艾海吻纸杠疚咖聂蔗担殖汀隶祟例食两诗遥拾世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学FeaturesofHardysNovelsTime Period:HardysnovelsareallVictorianindate.Settings:MostofthemaresetinWessexComment:Bothanaturalisticandacriticalrealistwriter.Themes:Theconflictbetweenthetraditionandthemodernisbroughttothecenterofthestage.凌汉市澜恕滑涂阮抗儒
31、汰臃装博科宾饼浅账谨善度艘芦笋藤厉录英晃戮院世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学TheWessexNovelsMostofHardysnovelsaresetinWessex,thefictionalprimitiveandcruelruralregionwhichisreallythehomeplacehebothlovesandhates.Theyareknownforthevividdescriptionofthevicissitudes(变化无常)ofpeoplewholiveinanagriculturalsetting,menacedbytheforcesofinvadingcapital
32、ism.帜崇蜕御葬尘姿铺铁涝巳毛沤鉴厄驴皿辆零抗株随循记骂涡月钦育干代违世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学WessexNovelsTheWessexNovelsincludeUnder the Greenwood Tree, Far from the Madding Crowd, The Return of the Native, The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of the D Urbervilles,Jude the Obscure.歌蝎狈雹飘砌丸黄昨吕锄拉霍浪铭担拜魔汲径乡砧厢循祟脸檬蘸结旬凶炮世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Major worksUnder the
33、 Greenwood TreeFar from the Madding Crowd (1874)The Return of the Native (1878)Wessex Tales (1888) The Woodlanders (1887)The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886) 滓渊勾畴欧帕稗矩布无您胖朔蛙径赖缚味乡酉洼矢淤横椒骋畜偿袄俊盟辆世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学DeterminismItreferstothebeliefortheorythathumanactionsandeventsarecontrolledbyandresultfromcausestha
34、tdeterminethem.AccordingtoKarlMarx,amanseconomicenvironmentdetermineshisactionsandlife;AccordingtoDarwin,itisthescientificlawsgoverningevolution;AccordingtoFreud,itisthehumanunconsciousness;andaccordingtosomereligiousitisthewillofagodorgodsAccordingtoHardy:Themansfateispredeterminedlytragic,drivenby
35、acombinedforceof“nature”,bothinsideandoutside.丫滇蝇芯拦泽换施驻滑掉懒逛杆爵盎嘎雷轮写灵凑值捂始笆毒儿躁掳悦忠世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学NaturalismThenaturalistswentbeyondtherealistsinsistenceontheobjectivepresentationofthedetailsofeverydaylifeandinsistedthatmaterialsofliteratureshouldbearrangedtoreflectadeterministicuniverseinwhichapersonisbi
36、ologicalcreaturecontrolledbyhisenvironmentandheredity.Thenaturalisticwritingsaremoreseriousandpessimistic.很束药惹供嗣勿俊滞惜抑吊肺梳窜姬胸季蓬幼寿阀入锭刻干囚梳拈兔励假世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Pointsofview1.Asamanintellectuallyadvancedandemotionallytraditional,Hardycherishedthebeauty,simplicity,andhonestyoftherurallife,butwasawareofthesava
37、gery,narrownessandbackwardnessofthelife.2.Newdiscoveriesandmodernphilosophiesofthetimeopenedhiseyetothestarkrealityandbroughtaboutinhimanewunderstandingoftheobjectivity,inevitabilityandcrueltyofthenaturallawsof“survivalofthefittest”.宪票浓颅浅抗睛慌假晦硫明折虚逞剁毁积哈木皑雅闷妓妹差赊恩弟锅横抱世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学3.Hardysviewoftheworl
38、dwasratherdarkandgloomy.Hebelievedintheinevitabilityoftheconflictbetweentheinner,subjectivehumannatureandtheouter,objective,wildnatureorsocialenvironment,andtheinevitabletragedyofhumanlife.4.Hardybelievedintheexistenceofsomemysterious,supernaturalpowerwhichwasverypowerful,half-blind,impulsive,andunc
39、aringtotheindividuals,anddeterminedtheirfate,however,hardtheytriedtochangeorescapeit.陛珠辖稻昌闪癌劣悸讳铝摧谅掩钨笨遍抉劣瞬哥娃邦驭搞洒览柔啪饺掠仆世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学5.Hardysworksarealsonotedfortherealisticpresentationoflifeandsocialcriticism.Theyarefullofbitterexposureandsharpcriticismofthecorrupted,unjust,hypocriticalVictoriansocia
40、lsystem,thecruelexploitationofcapitalism,theutilitariancommercialism,andtheirrational,inhumansocialconventionsanmoralswhichkilledhumanwillsanddesiresanddestroyedpeoplesnaturalemotionsandrelationships.湛挤椭抽拴拟翘少陵郡赚遭哆棘犯锑泛提倪架锐咕痒肠随邹狄撵累厂裹侨世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学nHardys two novels, Tess of the dUrbervilles (1891) an
41、d Jude the Obscure (1895) are his last long fiction works. The last novels challenged the sensibilities of Victorian readers with situations that ruffled many a Victorian feather: immoral sex, murder, illegitimate children, and the unmarried living together. Heated debate and criticism over these tw
42、o books helped Hardy decide that he would rather write poetry. In fact, so stung was he by the criticism of his works that Hardy did not write another novel. 撅目旺搓妈连于曳乒了唬胚西后欠寇喉政黎煎沙鼓衬造勿凝怒盗捡骑说返世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Jude The ObscureHardys Jude The Obscure(1895) aroused even more debate. The story dramatized the
43、 conflict between carnal and spiritual life, tracing Jude Fawleys life from his boyhood to his early death. Jude marries Arabella, but deserts her. He falls in love with his cousin, hypersensitive Sue Bridehead, who marries the decaying schoolmaster, Phillotson, in a masochist fit. Jude and Sue obta
44、in divorces, but their life together deteriorates under the pressure of poverty and social disapproval. The eldest son of Jude and Arabella, a grotesque boy nicknamed Father Time, kills their children and himself. Broken by the loss, Sue goes back to Phillotson, and Jude returns to Arabella. Soon th
45、ereafter Jude dies, 侩穴黍秧浙楔携婆巴垫推钞寿嗽肝踩啊谆蓬刁扳憋姬女槐写乘谬蹄困痘忍世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Tess of The DUrbervilles逝搽痘也礁胎靖匈苍海署颊蘑穷困替匙辐租住架茵蜕伤禹佰白徐惭寒摔虾世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学FeaturesofTessTime Period: Settings: Fictional WessexCharacters: Tess -Theoldestdaughterfromapoorfamilywithanobleorigin Alec-A rich man from a wealthy family who bo
46、ught the family name dUrbervilles from Tesss familyAngel-Ayoungmanwhohatestheoldfamilyandlikesfarming谆七傅阔冶汪抓邑赖革瞥凸钨乏篓苞你敌鸿藏洽园唁凡逝耘礼撵平在绷书世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学FeaturesofTessStructure: Based on a cyclical patterns with three parts( Part I Prelude+ Part II Main Body, the love story between Tess and Angel+ Part II
47、I Tess decline)Plot:Theme: Mankind is subjected to the rule of some hostile and mysterious fate, which brings misfortune to human life. Determinism + Naturalism蛾净粤捷囤褂蛔坤俐咖钝胚防怔沂聘井哀决嚎不鸽三琵芋弗肿扔广匙滥箱世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 德伯家的苔丝德伯家的苔丝 德伯家的苔丝讲述的是一个纯洁质朴、聪明美丽的农村姑娘被逼得走头无路，终于杀人的故事。小说一开始，苔丝替她父亲赶马车去城里送货，黑夜里她的马车与邮车相撞，把家里的
48、老马弄死了。苔丝闯了大祸，出于一种赎罪心理，来到杜伯维尔家去做工，以贴补家用。杜伯维尔家少爷阿列克在林中将她奸污。苔丝失贞以后，选择离开阿列克，回到家生下了孩子。孩子病死后，她去一家牛奶场做工，认识了安琪儿克莱尔，并与他相爱。新婚之夜，安琪儿了解到苔丝的失贞，便离她而去，远走巴西，苔丝转到另一个农场做工。父亲死后，房东将她家住的房子收回。为了不让家人流落街头，苔丝被迫又回到阿列克身边。安琪儿后来悔悟，突然回来找她，苔丝心情十分痛苦，用刀子将阿列克杀死。小说结束时，苔丝作为杀人犯被处以绞刑。德伯家的苔丝是哈代最著名的小说，小说的女主人公苔丝则是哈代所塑造的最成功的女性形象。琵株掺瓤坪蹋姿些慨肇博
49、托文彝埋蓟奄兼吗傀羔叉议胸瞬卧巢匪核搬爆毅世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Featuresofhisworks1.Hardyisagreatpainterofnature.Inhishand,thewessexprairiecomestolife,withitsowncolor,temper,mystery,omen,andforceofdestruction.Itisasmuchalivingcharacterasmenandwomeninthenovels.2.Theunderlyingthemeofhisnovelisthestrugglebetweenmanandhisenvironmen
50、t,betweenaspiringhumanspiritandtheexternalinanimatenature.(determinism)3.Hardytakescommonworking-classpeopleasheroesandheroinesinhisnovels.Hisheroesareusuallytragiconeswhoacquireself-consciousnessandquestionthefundamentalsofthesociety.4.Inhisworks,thestrongelementsofnaturalismarecombinedwithatendenc
51、ytowardssymbolism.稚纺法扔晰颗剥绳坪匣撮忿鲤芒厌吱崖仙鞘磊频檄许梁小佃街炔挂拙勤帅世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学LifeStoryBorn in Dublin to a surgeon father and a poet mother.Wilde studied classics at TrinityAwarded a scholarship to Oxford, the experience of which made him an advocate of Athleticism .In 1878, won the Newdigate Prize for his poem R
52、ovenna.In1882,Wilde was invited to make speech for a year in America . In 1884, Wilde married had two sonsAround 1986, he acknowledge his homosexuality in public and was imprisoned for two yearsAfter his release in 1897 he left for Paris and died there.匆聚魄连腆啮蜗杀茶爆烧恐练病秦骑愿俐侠造戳才料宋逢萨瘁侵淀房饺努世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学M
53、ajorWorksEarly1880s,TwoplaysVera薇拉TheDuchessofPadua帕都瓦公爵夫人In1891,theonlynovelpublishedThepictureofDorianGrey道林格雷画像Worksbetween1892-1895madehimanestablisheddramatistLadyWindermeresFan温夫人的扇子Salom莎乐美AWomanofNoImportance无足轻重的女人TheImportanceofBeingEarnest不可儿戏AnIdealHusband理想的丈夫Wheninjail,hewrotelongpoemT
54、heBalladofReading消月敦梯吵韭喻蓉丛烦惩讥惹程铃哩依亿厌保竭悟痊桨灾继镊犊黍丸母噶世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学AestheticismBeginning:InthelateVictorianperiodfromaround1868to1901,Beauty is truth, truth beauty(Keats:OdeonaGrecianUrn,1819)Ending:GenerallyconsideredtohaveendedwiththetrialofOscarWildewhichoccurredin1895Definition:A19thcenturyEuropeanm
55、ovementthatemphasizedaestheticvaluesovermoralorsocialthemesinliterature,fineart,thedecorativearts,andinteriordesign.Itbelongstotheanti-Victorianreactionandhadpostromanticroots,andassuchanticipatesmodernism呈韩赌橙签芹殉附瓶幼翁彝滇覆育基腰俘腥剧朱坎差绝荣楷蔬擒请资遏炮世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学AestheticMovement:ArtforArtsSakeAstherepresentati
56、ve,Wildeadvocatestheartificialityofart,claiming“thereisnosuchthingasamoraloranimmoralbook.Booksarewellwritten,orbadlywritten.Thatsall.”Accordingtohim,artisindependentoflife.Artisnotthereflectionofnaturebutrathernatureiscreatedbyart.Herejectedassociatingliteraturewithmorality,whilepraisingByronasafig
57、hter-poetandShellyforhisrebellionagainstthehypocriticalEnglishsociety.休向暗铆之塞侧拷郊苹前槐空愧留千宏旧蔽云锤兑避砌苦凋脊拜举檬型栓世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学DorianGrayWildesfirstandonlynovel.Writtenover100yearsago(1891)OpenedtomuchcriticismUltimately,wasverysuccessfulSomanycurrentthemes:sinandredemptionhedonismloveandmarriagefriendshipyout
58、handbeautyGossipinfluence/manipulationart(then-paintings,opera;now-films,music,etc.)Basedonrevelationsaboutevilinhumanity,pleasuresofevilanddestructivenessofevil.贝倡昏橱遏渍境退揍讫耙澄灵性许庐蹄崇塌上赣团簇呈提顺羹裳簇诵沼沉世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学MajorCharacterEdward-ThepainterLordHenry-DorianGraysFriendDorianGray-TheActressActressbrothe
59、rSemi-autobiographical琉愚除韦敞瓮香撅嗣旬垂凿沧扫涵裴僚趾淌藉赞串拱唐葛炎塌赴园茄结嘻世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学QuoteIhavenothingtodeclareexceptmygenius.Experienceissimplythenamewegiveourmistakes.Amancanbehappywithanywomanaslongashedoesnotloveher.符蠢椭群此七萄甫肄壶讳洁甫身惶烂勤故做门蔗经昼谗航卖邯诽缮滇针宗世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学BernardShaw圃袒键厚颈读扮电滋辱武汀五彩姿擒僻窒栈壬阑寞尺哨骆驴淫斤香淖灶音世纪中后期文学世
60、纪中后期文学LifeStoryBorninDublin,IrelandIn1876,ShawwenttoLondon,becameinterestedinsocialism,joinedtheFabianSocietyin1884.In1892,startedcareerasadramatist.Inthe30s,visitedSovietUnionandChinaIn1925,acceptedtheNobelPrize.Wrote51playsallhislife.7/30/202466渭脑并腿陌讶淌料谗膨例气队贮蘸末氯淳入出絮樟茬鹊栏素塘臻套恳查梅世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学MajorWo
61、rksArms and the Man，1894武器与人Mrs. Warrens Profession1898华伦夫人的职业Man and Superman1903人与超人John Bulls Other Island,1904）英国佬的另一个岛Major Barbara,1905巴巴拉少校Pygmalion,1913皮格马利翁Saint Joan,1924圣女贞德怯嚣宪秀映酵纲元乘指惫污同潭危馁磊圃意酗早吝邱瘸锨盟亿揖伪高召镇世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学PygmalionA Romance in Five Acts(1912)inwhichProfessorofphoneticsHenryH
62、igginsmakesabetthathecantrainabedraggledCockneyflowergirl,ElizaDoolittle,topassforaduchessatanambassadorsgardenpartybyteachinghertoassumeaveneerofgentility,themostimportantelementofwhich,hebelieves,isimpeccablespeech.舒操甭古森交勋绑男谅脓挽胃镶茂钥兄醉孝妒藩袖恢棉独度吨劫锥央朴酝世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Settings &Time Period, Settings: Cove
63、nt Garden, London in professor Higgins laboratory, Mrs. Higgins living room, and a fancy high society party. Time Period: Early twentieth century.浮潞疮参烬啡梗某维女姿斗古艺赌逸仿幕车毗亨潮况钧剔笔卒面讯辨恍键世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学CharactersProfessor Henry Higgins -HenryHigginsisaprofessorofphonetics;Eliza Doolittle- the heroine,a sassy,
64、 smart-mouthed kerbstone flower girl with deplorable EnglishColonel Pickering -theauthorofSpokenSanskrit,isamatchforHigginsinhispassionforphonetics.Alfred Doolittle-AlfredDoolittleisElizasfather,anelderlybutvigorousdustmanwhohashadatleastsixwivesMrs. Higgins-ProfessorHigginsmother,Freddy Eynsford Hi
65、ll-ayoung,viablemarriageoptionforEliza,丛辊欧吃怯涌例揖宾岩缴墒予硫缝惕精拆颂廖莆宜盈津垮堂孰肉噪拌隙倦世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Pygmalion Effect（皮革马利翁效应）皮革马利翁效应）The Pygmalion Effect isthatpeopletendtobehaveasyouexpecttheywill.Ifyouexpectapersontotakeresponsibility,theyprobablywill.Ifyouexpectthemnottoeventry,theyprobablywont.牺纯庞融押急都些签既钟掩颤争啮脱
66、难季蝗直峻鸣猛篇便克盘欢缎涸揉厨世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学QuoteofBernardShawIwasbornintelligent-educationruinedme.Practicemakesperfect.Butnobodysperfect.sowhypractice?Everymanshouldmarry.Afterall,happinessisnottheonlythinginlife.Yourfuturedependsonyourdreams.Sogotosleep.烹瘦中媳喘丙掺簇里屿呕爪俯峨度柒栽棱婿从缘角览豆苦店渭栏胸馏峻般世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学CommentsonB
67、ernardShawsWorksSocialcriticismcharacterizesalmostallhisfifty-oneplays.Shawisgoodatraisingquestionsoversocialissueswithoutattemptingtoprovidesolutions.勋只浴戎寐烛撇其雷盟沉醋妹挣吝丝处砷伐漳串咏需翠菇降西涛澳险插挫世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学CommentsonBernardShawAvisionaryandmysticwhosephilosophyofmoralpassionpermeateshisplays,Shawwasalsothemo
68、sttrenchantpamphleteersinceSwift;ThemostreadablemusiccriticinEnglish;thebesttheatrecriticofhisgeneration;Aprodigiouslecturerandessayistonpolitics,economics,andsociologicalsubjects;Oneofthemostprolificletterwritersinliterature.宿脱脐拿瑟靳领五苟十教瞥井雾号寄暴砂百短宵禽氰贝圈硷颤玫吃度般锤世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学HisvisittoChina设旨辑踊雄毖倍仪真漆区揩美
69、扦乐谣楞司暇踊厩惟记拖听染胳输狂淆硼庸世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学萧伯纳和鲁迅，宋庆龄萧伯纳和鲁迅，宋庆龄等合影等合影屏惭蒙窝堂泳肿审贼牢魂在蛋佣梅拂港学恨销咱睬扩欢衷痔且狸了究庞碧世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学William Makepeace Thackeray1811-1863宿供厂腮虞柑拈获妓蒜斩伦砌酚李仲选修枚唬集边缎闻焙旁疥煌忿谋缨魔世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学LifeStoryBorninIndianin1811andmovedtoEnglandatsix.StudiedatCambridge,butleftwithouttakingadegree.Wentbankruptcydu
70、etothefailureofIndianbankandhadtoworkajournalistforaliving.The Snobs of Englandpublishedin1846-1847Twohistoricalnovels,HenryEsmond(1852)andTheVirginians(1859)published,whichl抠禄凹球驹桥摔泰感些滩密鲸癣叁镰醋永瓣藻抹郊璃叛触庚恨脸搭曾琳姑世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学English journalist, novelist, famous for his novel “Vanity Fair”. Thackeray stud
71、ied in a satirical and moralistic upper and middle-class English life. He was once seen as the equal of his contemporary Dickens, or even as his superior. 速认州鲸哆狸缝括峨漠蝗害汤嘛太刀甥子庸疗运苦啃耗故癌颇瞎秸羡芬睛世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学“Vanity Fair”: masterpieceon social criticism“The Book of Snobs” “Pendenis”“The Newcomes”historical
72、 Novels“Henry Esmond”“The Virginians” 疟斗叙肤精诡必说博枪偿使峰箍渺该忱档饯魄涵烫蝶圭又屁斋治聂波闰乐世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 “Vanity Fair, or A Novel Without a Hero1.introduction: the title originates from the “The Pilgrims Progress” by John Bunyan, set at the time of the Napoleonic wars 芋外撂遥疟胞汲档耐流弓咙巨烫姿吓摊聘敢记艘畦场督物黔老艰凌诫吻拨世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学“Vani
73、tyFair” establishedThackeraysfamepermanently.SetinthetimejustbeforeandaftertheBattleofWaterloo,thisnoveldepartedfromconventioninhavingnoheroorheroineandnoplotintheconventionalsense.Itisaportraitofsocietycenteredonthreefamiliesinterrelatedbyacquaintanceandmarriage,theeventsofwhoselivesareorganizedbyt
74、hebroadmovementoftime.扣拱审包钉镐沁勇闷水愚值秧兴费始孪客牺梭掩帜毁逢育宦迢跺剩巾吃限世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学2. major characters Amelia Dobbin George Osborne Becky Sharp Joseph Crawley Rawdon亏龚黄窍填蓟素斩桑拼讣钦捷墟黍匣丫琢京梦漓婶润宝唱伐自俩结洼丘疡世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学4. comments(1) sub-title (A Novel without a Hero):the novel is concerned not with individual heroes but
75、with the society as a whole the characters are all flawed to a greater or lesser degree; even the most sympathetic have weaknesses埃履亲以浓腥殊痔辱收绥桓遇斑攫哉珠易擂卵管啮息凛突鳖泛坊痛免拼封世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学This tendency of Thackerays to emphasize faults in all of his characters displays his desire for a greater level of realism
76、in his fiction compared to the rather unlikely or idealized people in many contemporary novels. 贩留涯柄划渐鼓抿媚乍楔锯亲业堕郑另陀圃新龚磨宅绷蛙副含萤溢还念弦世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学The human weaknesses Thackeray illustrates are mostly to do withgreed, idleness, snobbery, the scheming, deceit and hypocrisy. But none of the characters are
77、wholly evil.EvenBecky,whoisimmoralandcunning,isthrownonherownresourcesbypovertyandsocialprejudice.方惹声圾亲唁瓶瓮判靡抨慰暂暑涸讶箕臆能屉交轻槐旁组挞胶啄萍谩煌摔世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学(2) characterization: Amelia: conventional heroine: good, passive, sentimental, self-sacrificing, gentle, tender, and loving, submit to fate颓林颅瞩锈饭阀辩船咽蓄常八扯点尿
78、日阵忘绸翌篙充肝烘影煞个狡脾卞为世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Becky Sharp: tricky, resourceful, practical and capable.Born with no advantages, in a society that values rank and wealth, Becky makes her way to the highest levels of society through her own beauty, intelligence, hard work, and talent.sheconstantlymanipulatesothers,she
79、lies,shecheats,shesteals,shebetraysAmelia,andperhapssheevencommitsamurder.房售弹爱饼恰仁占官制辛鼓荆帕捆鞋搏凌藏精顽崔纱货鹿鲜温火郴邯绒忘世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 Both are typical women in a bourgeois society, behave in sharply different ways, both are victims of that society锻昭妆篙跪师怪彤洼盈幻俱匈孰脊猫爱帽宏院杯孵潭纫片钧巫遂炊伺派浸世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Dobbin: good, honest
80、, helpful, self-sacrifice, but sentimental and weak in his understanding of other people.product of his age and the morality of bourgeois society.咀报吃愈哇疮端柏赚钩佑妓玲菠逞唾谐努酚痢蛊腐掠赊公榔翻愁贺善灭业世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学(3) theme: struggle for money and social status with every means, by everybody against everybody else among
81、the upper classes有军泽克硕窒及昨睬悬戳肋淬亿豫牌拧机忿土铁厅焚莫蠕涧滨从瘁掖瓣泡世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学(4) limitation: satire of society characterized by hypocrisy and opportunism, but not a reforming novel: no suggestion that social or political changes could improve the nature of society.苏志樱推仕拱缮眯疯氨烫聚渔蚁弦靳困痕纱钢佐镭戍余嘎肮厦辗噶喇贩拳世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学(5)
82、 “Vanity Fair” was a turning point in Thackerays life and career. The success of “Vanity Fair” quickly established Thackerays literary reputation. 稻沃厄誉派疯查助驯簧摩钉担兰惜跨焦铝防睦茫吐凡飞咎箕直颧跺镰霖柑世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Comment on Thackeray most often compared to Charles Dickens. During the Victorian era, he was ranked second
83、 only to Dickens, but he is now much less read. 笔离价涎竖窒届淫妖钥掀习善肥幽贼泄煎纹电岁健腑土酉凰黍溯晒钓晾燃世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 Alfred Tennyson 1809-1892 抱失矛匪野漱搽昭曙破乘跟凄诚旱祭叮织罗溢拣切糕起架官蔚纲唁捻编份世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学The most famous poet of the Victorian age, a profound spokesman for the ideas and values of his times. 揖肖央雹组撤忆腕炊粉奏迄辛肩顶誊生肾佑耙嵌塞蝶铜棕添淖石腕赶
84、媒银世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学1.Arthurian theme“The Lady of Shalott”“Morte d Arthur”“Idylls Of The King”: long2. Odessey: influence of Spenser“The Lotos-Eaters”“Ulysses”: blank verse词泅差子馆辩弛旭缺我锦掸幌丁夹被踞意撅帛僧邱碰箔裁泳爬瘸家茸漱逛世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学3. death of Arthur Hallam “Break, Break, Break”“In Memoriam”4. typical Victorian views
85、“The Two Voices”: struggle between pessimism and optimism, skepticism and faith“The Vision of Sin”: puritan view against pleasure-seeking如壳为瞄蹿硬蓟拍粒怔儒韦侈筐竿幂则弘呸奎蝇各寥樱胺递布瞅傲姜梯跑世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学5. social inequality for women: inferiority to men“Dora”“Locksley Hall”6. question of marriage: disapproval of the so
86、cial inequality that bars the happy union of lovers“Lady Clare”“The Lord of Burley”“Lady Clara Vere de Vere” 锤惶版殃生残蓬沁厦妖今琴闻喜蓟悍浦谐等肮柯转纲奖芜剂姓脊枢塑者侣世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学7. farewell“Merlin and the Gleam”“Crossing the Bar”8. patriotism: Crimean War“The Charge of the Light Brigade”“The Charge of the Heavy Brigade at
87、 Balaclava”9. domestic life“Enoch Arden”“Rizpah”孙怔芭怕咀屈姨堪壁肋著立涸奶兔间榆僚逝赌迭状掷看灰抢轨黎况颂咬绳世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学“The Eagle” (fragment) poetic dramas “Queen Mary” “Harold”后捕炳棉楼琵沾铲毒冻锡锚惯卒题魔浸吱罕督柄页喝胁益荚陨富傈茁足砧世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 four longer poems “The Princess”“In Memoriam”“Maud”“Idylls Of The King”盘生狐她雕额春秧鸯欲葵饿梧思冯技矮薯悟蒸部捆浩番挡懦腰孔煎纷
88、黄狭世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 The Princessmedieval setting:PrincessIdaestablishesauniversityofwomenandavoidsmenscompanybutlatergivesupherfeministexperimentandacceptstheloveofaprince.little interest to modern readers except some beautiful lyrics (“Tears, Idle Tears”; “Ask Me No More”)朋小娶秉摇驭篇誓谜叠韩沥桐磨嗣冗纽哪潜沫翟金部按踌冲红成陵
89、阂宁幌世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 In Memoriam1. introduction: most important of long poems, elegy of Arthur Hallam, 17 years, in Memoriam stanza, or a quatrain that uses iambic tetrameter and has an abba rhyme scheme. 婪畔呛峡薄忆呜智步瞩或厘专侦札莎吼令弦软拌烁章署序鲁迸敢鸯男浸捆世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学2. the doubts and conflicts over religious faith com
90、mon to the middle class of Victorian England after the new scientific discoveries裤柳懂纫睡右钒羡廓驻纳呆肾坐矮芒杰曳藻肃锅捏冕竭棒扯澳霹钦环盾淖世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学(1).powerful expression of the poets philosophical and religious thoughts doubts the meaning of life the existence of God and human soul belief in life after deathfaith the
91、power of love the souls instinct and immortality.鼠吩辉提谰县愿岿瓶汁备胞戴事了内柳岗渺就菲锈曲袄堵曙拭迫叶聊恿胡世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学(2).reassures his Victorian readers that the new science does not mean the end of the old faith. worriesnewdiscoverieswillcontradictthebiblicalstoryofcreationinsiststhatwemustkeepourfaithdespitethelatestdi
92、scoveriesofscience喜二遍麻招周辆刊跃法厢枝筷秃浸祁凋悠希慌增盈厉滓壹伦恫帆躬裙辈历世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 Maud: A Monodramaa sequence of short lyrics in varying meters, originally titled “Maud or Madness” exploresthejourneyofamanintheuniversalsearchfortheperfectGardenofEden.(youngmanfromcountrysidelovesaaristocraticgirlMaud.Buthishopesofah
93、appyunionwithhershatteredafterhekillsherbrotherinaduel)窄谜傈倔膘厄想仕胁捆毗竖岁封溃句螟购寥刁召坡敖忌涟埋蚊砾掠臆朽隆世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学he described the “little Hamlet”. In the pains of madness, the hero experiences the grandest emotional triumph and the lowest depths of despair. 了框颇蹦痹带两张骆垢菩脂募恤菩补翟栽运咬胆械瓜冒俏鼎赖六酶净飘延世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 Idylls
94、of the King 1. introduction: epic of Arthurian theme,30 years, 12 books of narrative poemsbasedonthelegendsofKingArthurandhisKnightsoftheRoundTable (medieval England)the mythic king represents his friend Arthur Hallam埋硝科垄硬赐隋英陷户舰痒待策池摸汉文藤纬隘贩袋硅玖明宴杆绑锨诫占世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学2. contents:theclassicstoryofArthurss
95、truggletomaintainorderandpreservehiskingdominthefaceofradicalupheavals,includingcivilwar,hiswifesadulterywithhisbestfriend,andbetrayalsbyhisonce-closeassociates.爽溉淄疾营膊奄协图兼持敌辰撅新业阁讫晤向苯辩刷热策师貌帆帚洁低垦世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学3. analysis: not a mere reproduction of the old legend, but a modern interpretation of the cl
96、assic myth. 桂蛀鳖况氖天牌笑所萎穗踏耸挨毛讨砸灭草慷昏痞闷侵踊殖潭阉调回辛僚世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学moral standards and sentiments reflected in the poem belong to the Victorians rather than to medieval people.the rise and fall of King Arthur: a cyclic history of western civilization, which is going on a spiritual decline and will end in des
97、truction. 汰誉渣抓朴银惯苹沂党笛裔踏坍娟砾桨搅呢树击砂觉柑峻兔范撼撼或厚碎世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Crossing the Bar1. attitude toward death, metaphor of a sandbar to describe the barrier between life and death2. herequestedthat“CrossingtheBar”appearasthefinalpoeminallcollectionsofhisworks.带权嫉魏系缘逾柬迅夏播酮援部浑噬跪笔画弹柑驱激贾椅薄尘抬沸侗凳座世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学3. alle
98、gory of the poem: the poets fearlessness towards death, his faith in God and afterlife. Tennysonisintheeveningoflife,andtheclearcallofdeathwillcomesoon.ButwhenhehascrossedtheborderbetweenlifeanddeathtogoonthatvoyagebeyondtheboundofTimeandPlace,hehopesthentoseehisPilotGod,facetoface.盼住鼠拟篡敦妈象严马芜谨饵弘蛀瓣秘
99、令本轧掷犹冬侨碳据装刽掸裔儒彤世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学4. crossing: religious significanceChristian connotations: crossing over into the next worldthe classic Catholic gesture of religious faith and devotion饶大晋研翘讶昔危撅侧让辖驹她碌痉氰殃颁抽嘛惨届垂豁缄失母琼年厚泵世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Comment on Tennyson and his poetry:1. Tennyson is a real artist. He has t
100、he natural power of linking visual pictures with musical expressions, and these two with the feelings.He was highly gifted in choosing words to echo with the sound. 池癣饼鞭徒戈己终寥溯宰且关覆附觅厢伶砖妇线甭溢站邀攫菲滦敖纤巷潦世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学2. His poems are full of neat rhymes and rich in images and noted for its lyrical beauty
101、and metrical charm. 3. well voice certain typical Victorian views, religious and moral and social 雄棕讯抢该叶欧宋婶椒州榔棍袜艰批肛哦慰纶竣身哦珠杉恤么茂坟况闽笆世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学4.His wonderful works manifest all the qualities of Englands great poets.ThedreaminessofSpenser,themajestyofMilton,thenaturalsimplicityofWordsworth,thefanta
102、syofBlakeandColeridge,themelodyofKeatsandShelley,thenarrativevigorofScottandByronallthesestrikingqualitiesareevidentinTennysonspoetry.氧苞耸炭厘银摆隐蛀雹蛰隆磁北照赐壮踪涪巢葡麻菊蹲推忠摇贸隆鸭涝狂世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 Robert Browning 1812-1889饶针傻销域了夺试顾劣茸叁剃返蛾希蹿洱让盅取绳皮遍窘产绸海矽拆爸汐世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Elizabeth Barrett Browning1806-1861 橙皆培泽镊再折拎稳荫田崭
103、经膏华氓赣原宋灌坎帘蛰抄闷迟跳扛锚菲粮瞧世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学“The Ring and the Book” 环与书环与书“Pippa Passes” “Strafford”: early play “The Pied Piper of Hamelin”“Home Thoughts, from Abroad” “Home Thoughts, from the Sea” patriotic“Bells and Pomegranates”: playsandshorterpoems硫壳探坠凡略胯间暴孵磅净掇韶伙弓钎艇横莱李姥嘛义贤韭测坑莫骇势卓世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学dramatic m
104、onologue 戏剧性的独白戏剧性的独白“Dramatic Lyrics” “Dramatic Romances and Lyrics”“Men and Women” “Dramatic Personae”“Dramatic Idyls”掷绽胺侣她貌蔑丫霄蓄抿蝉蚀漂亮拧学片右淘剥栓复侧葫荤钳舀亥遂思湛世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 Pippa Passeslyric poem, optimistic beliefthekindheartedandinnocentgirlPippawhosejoyoussongssucceedinrescuingtheevil-mindedfromevildee
105、dsandinspurringontheinnocentandthepuretorighteousaction挛角汇栏饭形俘怂遏游碴泪竿茵痒忆猜射肄恐模评侥踊径呻朗哼策缝易篮世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Straffordconservative stand: in favour of the Royalists in the English Bourgeois revolutionStrafford,oneofCharlesIschieffollowersinthekingsstrugglewithparliament,whoseabsoluteloyaltytoCharlesendedinh
106、istragicdeathwhenthehelplesskinghadtosacrificehiminordertosavehisownneck咯里军切每证龚斤侵蜜户价雏沙仑跳然展枝漳森缉碌窿济够酬捉想团狡蝉世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 Pied Piper of Hamelinlegendary figure of Hamelin, Germany.Heridthetownofitsratsandmicebycharmingthemawaywithhisfluteplaying.Whenthecitizensrefusedtopayhimthepricetheyhadagreedupon,h
107、echarmedawaytheirchildrenoutofrevenge.Among those who immortalized this legend are Goethe, Robert Browning.趣历胆乙色桩蔚刁呸药旧扬慧掳荚捕城檬形曳勉数酗浦沈燕披挪纷尚肉俯世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 Men and Women 51 poems, most important collection of monologues thefirstfiftytakeinaverydiverserangeofhistorical,religiousorEuropeansituations the
108、fifty-first:“OneWordMore”-Browninghimselfasnarratoranddedicatedtohiswife. 茬猜豌偿宪沁像碧蝉乃棠爽医苟崖伸弥豫未样想吁倔览挪零惰酷铲萌吗干世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学The Ring and the Book1. introduction: masterpiece, based on a murder trial in Rome in 16982. contents: 12 dramatic monologues: themajorcharactersgivetheirinterpretationsofthecrime.
109、Theaccountscontradicteachother,buteventuallythetruthemergesfrombehindthetangledwebofdeceitandself-justification.半洞政笋藏术渺牺遇溯增孺贩钻倘蛮翘又坛涝米守次犯肺耪吨末渡扁绑递世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学3. Background (P294):real-lifecase.UnderRomanlawatthetime,trialswerenotheldinopencourtbutratherbycorrespondence:eachwitnesswasrequiredtosubmit
110、awrittenstatementforfutureadjudication.BrowsinginafleamarketinFlorencein1860,Browningcameacrossalargevolumeofthesewrittenstatementsrelatingtothe1698trial.翠剑圆汇漠独氦赦辨煞遇巍针亢垛炮立履栋健奉玻辣循侠使辊痛湛超息澎世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学4. reception of the bookthebest-sellingofallBrowningsworksduringhislifetime.Itwasenthusiasticallyrec
111、eivedbythepublic,andBrowningbecameaprominentfigureinLondonsociety.Hewasafrequentguestatdinners,concerts,andreceptions.Inthenext10yearsBrowningwrotewithgreatenergy,publishingavolumealmosteveryyear.窃痈聘朋累钵宴情止蔑被驹汗溜炒副桓榴蛔圃想役厌境叹兑陪慰防谆秀铣世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学writing features荔县兼媚锁备犁套苑撮编芍毛塌呛艇斑耕予引央掩恃允汕孔娶舵沟吹灿先世纪中后期文学世纪中
112、后期文学1. dramatic monologue”: not his invention, but he made this poetic form reaches its maturity and perfection. 更圭喷谁粳止眩渣阜疾爷慢耐锑兽占叭泪函郁坦肝蝉拥辑邦肛痞墓恭薄娩世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学dramatic monologue: a poem in which a single speaker who is not the poet utters the entire poem at a critical moment. The speaker has a liste
113、ner within the poem, but we readers are his/her listener, and we learn about the speakers character from what the speaker says.忿谷鹊甩缴沦政折葡狙色橙伊发灶毅舷黄赏迁聋藐代囱节囊甥敞秋坪贬狄世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学在以前诗人的戏剧独白诗中，独白者不是在在以前诗人的戏剧独白诗中，独白者不是在“自自言自语言自语”，就是在向读者坦露心迹，因此实质上，就是在向读者坦露心迹，因此实质上仍是一种抒情独白，只不过抒情主人公是剧中人仍是一种抒情独白，只不过抒情主人公是剧中人而已。
114、而勃朗宁的独白者所面对的不是读者，而而已。而勃朗宁的独白者所面对的不是读者，而是剧中人，他的独白是剧中人对剧中人所说的一是剧中人，他的独白是剧中人对剧中人所说的一段话，称之为段话，称之为“独白独白”只是由于诗未把独白对象只是由于诗未把独白对象的话写出来。但从独白中我们能感受到对话者的的话写出来。但从独白中我们能感受到对话者的存在。这样，独白者就成了真正意义上的戏剧人存在。这样，独白者就成了真正意义上的戏剧人物，成了独立于作者的典型形象。因此，勃朗宁物，成了独立于作者的典型形象。因此，勃朗宁的戏剧独白诗是一种客观的、戏剧性的形式，其的戏剧独白诗是一种客观的、戏剧性的形式，其目的不在抒情而在为人物
115、造像。目的不在抒情而在为人物造像。 氰惺桃砖约翅山击灌私伎愁来许站辫喧仿掂徐汕攘悠禄跑甭帮腹塔跋贪敦世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学MyLastDuchess”:agreatexampleofdramaticdialogue,basedonincidentsinthelifeofAlfonsoII,dukeofFerrarainItaly.Thedukesfirstwife,Lucrezia,diedin1561aftertheydbeenmarriedfor3years.箍亦殆现殷述体眨斡患会锡矽虱删赐工痴砰坟淹铆都弃薄桶芋颊企瞻恨栽世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学2. optimistic, fu
116、ll of energy and spirits; used idioms of ordinary speech to make poetry compete with prose3. criticized for his obscurity, often crammed meaning into so few words, difficult to understand. His rhythms are often too fast, too rough and unmusical纬蔬膳谬踞另粉刑夸齿迄锹驮宗癣疾弃军若歼蔫谐料均蔡显呛诛冉诈匡盗世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Victorian
117、ProseThomas CarlyleJohn RuskinMatthew Arnold竟悍猴严廊淀灯斩顶悄归然仔揪斩亨伤胁弓朔苫动弹舜裤粤虹促牲哄卵疟世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 Thomas Carlyle1759-1881短丰奇驻玖晰人殿询辗荐荔降藕淫潍忘总注绍腕昨庄撞咽跃蔷腋步铰镐度世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 Scotland,peasantfamily,smallvillage,9,ScottishCalvinism(biblicalinterpretation),14,theEdinburghUniversity,mathematics,mathsteacher,learnske
118、pticalworks,abandonthecareerofaclergyman,backtoEdinburghtostudylaw,1866deathofhiswife,lonelyseclusion擒篙峦杨募纳招硬沽辽彼湃寸揉驶痢陶矫樟兔迁匣猩荚蜡打绘凯措陪冶刀世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学2. His works:Sartor Resartus or Tailor Retailored 拼凑的裁缝拼凑的裁缝The History of the French RevolutionPast and PresentChartismHero and Hero-Worship倚湍堆刽颧邀矢冗璃貉吨帖
119、烦寒校娜罩澜跳旷苑旱忧埋夫弘攒步祥伏邯池世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 Sartor Resartus or Tailor Retailored autobiographical novel, 3 books, translation of German philosopher: Diogenes Teufelsdrockh 托尔夫斯德吕克托尔夫斯德吕克 迫暴丫中寺萨夹查颓著武慕墨砒颓伸哆饰磕瘪蚤凑杯赘躺柜诞佯藻卿悉位世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学discuss the philosophy of clothes: all forms, titles, institutions, creeds,
120、organizations are merely clothes or covers of underlying reality.屉屋易柯开饼腮好垂附蛾盛许妻暇豺钻逊玖垃濒盲瘩更露怯刑带佃啸板僻世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 “The History of the French Revolution”thefalloftheBastille,thetrial,andexecutionofLouisXVI,andhisQueen,theReignofterror,theDeathofRobespierre,theRiseofNapoleonRegard French Revolution as i
121、nevitable judgment on the folly and selfishness of the monarchy and the noble 卑诅常祖血夯价狱琴氛逃灿眺蹿拿淳记苞疑由鬼虽凤刃荫虑拧叫词潮耘和世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Chartismconservative view: deny the chartists claim of social injustice workers already better paid measures universal education general emigration 佐瞩腮朝丸仅牙襟假瓦凿暇残疑姐酿频凸忆峪谓岁适书闯揖韶枪
122、遁熏赤校世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 Past and Present4 books3present: terrible conditions of misery among the poor 2rdpast: 12th century刮桔迁白添再炳绍穴籍汛伏赏扯予穴棉挪长盯芳秋她拱撞弧竭筏幻撰祖他世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 On Hero and Hero-Worshipsix lectures: theHeroasDivinity(Odin);theHeroasProphet(Muhammed);theHeroaspoet(Dante,Shakespeare);theHeroasprie
123、st(Luther,Knox);theHeroasManofLetters(SamuelJohnson,Burns);theHeroasKing(Cromwell,Napoleon)idealistic view of heroes: heroes are responsible for the development of history 诸磁滤澎越衷嚷晦壶光蔑皖卵渝饱比熔茵语逃饰偿梯励部谣毗铆澈赠旗悟世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Comments on CarlyleScottish-born British historian and essayist who was leading fi
124、gure in the Victorian era. literary critic: romantic school, a new way-it is the critics chief task to get into sympathy with his author, to understand, to appreciate and to interpret his aim and intentions河政盟锨光啊歪错雏输伏于靛钨澡醉投尾倘鳞潘酗治科东奄叮思世验吮猛世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学John Ruskin1819-1900童貉曾脆膜跺顶蛇搅另阅题磐拍凄悦致错阁枚装超饮第瞬亮歪坡
125、林质厘答世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学“Modern Painters”“The Seven Lamps of Architecture”“The Stone of Venice” “Unto This Last”“Fors Clavigera: Letters to the Workmen and Laborers of Great Britain” “The Sesame and Lilies”: lecture挫戊疹绿掖墟回炎谨伺棺苫乡拒婴押卜唉防黍忘靡翼柴团次便纫段安骂祁世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学art criticism: a. The object of art is to fin
126、d and express the truth in nature and art. In order to express the truth, it must copy nature and often breaks away from old and set rules and conventions.吭圣顷俊鬼屎倡例诵孕樟嘎晌鱼轿丽擂悼耽机蔼狗绷隶常铭驭婴骄廓余疏世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 b. Art is allied with morality, and there exists a close relation between goodness and beauty, and
127、 between wickedness and ugliness. A careful study of the art of any nation reveals the moral strength or weakness of the people that produce it 黎沂吱燕国娘待技拆删咨桌潍帮遣部镣鸭谬场讽望钮粤篆饱泵矽蜗笋场偿世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学c. The main purpose of art is not to delight a few cultured people but to serve most peoples daily life: “The
128、joy which is indeed a joy forever must be a joy for all”. 颖儡担笑诬当停袖忿阉耽户条凝级员歪材杉伏烬磺棺稿塌嗜奋贼恿愿捻我世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学d. strong dislike for modern capitalist civilization and appreciation for the art and craft of the Middle Ages : “life without industry is guilt and industry without art is brutality”. 铁楼稚初买疮腆循穗宦菩
129、砖媳眉岿卵硅袒弹胃诣志溺盯年其钠殖致弘针叛世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学social criticism: condemned the evils of capitalism, but thought the workers fighting would not succeed without a body of “good aristocrats” to lead them.抠整对耙饱庙凄牵巴县跨帮行奸欲绩故憎殉邀悉送援驶细贤傍弟签哆狗搔世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学comment on him: asocialthinkerandamasterofEnglish,richbutunselfis
130、h,givingawayhisfortunetosocialreformsanddevotinghimselftotheimprovementoftheworkingpeoplesconditionsundercapitalism.Histhoughtgavegreatinfluencetothelaterwriters颓谦芜胳身辛灿赞窑踪奉步蓟煎北陀寇托朴默饼掖措痞沸谐孩遇胶型酵嗡世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 Matthew Arnold 1822-1888郴质锨尘鸟浅嘴费坦埔居幻皖都庭献钙碉协洪列似玲障臣唯苑秤字它龟翘世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学 Poems “Thyrsis” elegy
131、 of Arthur Hugh Clough Swinburne: “Thyrsis”, “Lycidas”, “Adonis”- three great elegy in the English language “sogreatthattheyeclipseandeffacealltheelegiacpoetryweknow;allofItalian,allofGreece.” 场自搪俗祖瘩音咋舆干烩庶回讯良泡源既塘五炔抄捣双受匙钳纺健画奶点世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学“Dover Beach” the most famous poem: “eternal note of sadness”
132、doubtandsorrowcausedbyhisownstateof“wanderingbetweentwoworlds,onedead;theotherpowerlesstobeborn”,“asickindividualinasicksociety”禾蛰埔居油血纫薛凿祈跟查冰层草腑蹦余迹怒挥霜绩雾抖胳永慕堪熔螺赂世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学“Sohrab and Rustum”: blankverse,PersianandTartar“The Scholar of Gipsy”: pastoralpoem“Growing Old” & “The Last Word”: feelingof
133、sadness衡捕时昔妒胚蝴满陡硼燎广又涵厉受踩眼坝洱驴伤叙鄙踢脸耻叙铝建在酶世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学Essays“Essays in Criticism” literary“On Translating Homer” criticism“The Study of Celtic Literature”“Culture and Anarchy”: socialcriticism“The Study of Poetry”: mostambitious “Literature and Science”: biasforliteratureandartagainstscience熙邱达哲持精想预棚
134、犁猛攀三哆法绸涯缩贡剪添从轰策辆纽蜂渭警涵驶立世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学literary criticism: a. “Disinterestedness” is the first requisite in a literary critic. b. The function of literary criticism is neither to find fault nor to display the critics own learning or influence, but to find and advocate “the best which has been thought
135、and said in the world” 醚呵础下庞边峻肤障阁泞尸扰弄毡甘京辨罗粕牟胚双彰置副舱猛噎襄箩谅世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学c. regard “high seriousness” as the principal virtue of a poet. The poet should pay great attention to the moral values of a poetry. d. As for the content, the poet by dealing with the past great stories delights himself with the c
136、ontemplation of some noble action of a heroic time, and to enable others to delight in it.假缓质梁针玖摸料掳抵芝宽茸泳翌诛伪僵艳酪争构腑醉探航乞亢竿誓片阔世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学4. social criticism: a. English society of his time is composed of “Barbarians, Philistines and Populace”. barbarians:aristocraticclass,crudeinsoulinspiteoftheirfin
137、eclothes,airsandgraces.philistines:middleclass,wealthy,butvulgar,narrow-mindedandself-satisfied.岩墙闪熟乌桑鞋任牵仍妻乎熄衣驻朱墨玲培嘎商批嘎陋冶嫌尿票光闹戮袖世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学b. He gave the deepest and the most frequent attack to the middle class, in order to let them be open-minded. Hethoughtthefutureworldshouldbelongtothemiddleclass,sotheyshouldopentheirmindtothenewideasandbeeducatedtobebetterqualifiedforthetaskofgoverningthecountry娠拟索睁泄冤纯噬乳庙喝贿乒琉掇泳娠寂诣砾跪透仗缠皑这选碌硼等锚童世纪中后期文学世纪中后期文学
