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1、完型填空完型填空 之能力训练目标之能力训练目标：1)词语辨析能力词语辨析能力2)语法结构分析能力语法结构分析能力3)语篇理解能力语篇理解能力4)逻辑推理能力逻辑推理能力5)文化背景透析能力文化背景透析能力6)作者意图剖析能力作者意图剖析能力7)生活常识综合运用能力生活常识综合运用能力1.1.题材常为记叙文或题材常为记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章夹叙夹议的文章. .2.2.内容完整内容完整, ,逻辑性强逻辑性强, ,语言结构严谨语言结构严谨. .3.3.考察近义词语细微差别的辨析考察近义词语细微差别的辨析. .4.4.考察重点多为实词考察重点多为实词: :名名/ /代代/ /动词动词/ /形容形容/ /
2、副词等副词等. .5.5.关注语境背景知识关注语境背景知识, ,侧重上下关联侧重上下关联, ,暗示暗示判断能力判断能力. .6.6.侧重于篇章侧重于篇章, ,体现语用判断和内在逻辑体现语用判断和内在逻辑. .完型填空特点完型填空特点: :完形填空总体要求完形填空总体要求完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。读理解能力和总体语言水平。解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知识等识
3、等进行解题。进行解题。解题方法：解题方法：总的原则总的原则: : “先完意，后完形先完意，后完形”。八字方针：八字方针：上下求索，瞻前顾后。上下求索，瞻前顾后。三步曲：三步曲：读读填填读读三步答题三步答题Step1Skip(跳读跳读) the passage to get the general idea and pay attention to the first sentence.In the cloze test, there is no blank in the first sentence ( (首句首句) ). . It helps us to know the topic of
4、the whole passage. .( (完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）Step2 Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods.(在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案的方法选择最佳答案)Four methods(四种常用的方法四种常用的方法)：1、context (上下文语境上下文语境)2、word distinctions or collocations (词语辨析和固定搭配词语辨析和固定搭配)3
5、、information given in the passage (利用文章中的信息利用文章中的信息-原词复现、近义词和原词复现、近义词和反义词等反义词等)4、cultural background and common sense (文化背景和常识文化背景和常识)Step3 Read the passage again and check the answers.（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查）将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查） Tips:1.thetenseandthevoice，theaccordbetweensubjectandpredicate(时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致
6、时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致)2.grammarandcollocations(语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致)3.theconnectionbetweensentencesandparagraphs(段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯)4.themeaningofthewholepassage(整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文的衔接是否合理文的衔接是否合理)完形填空之完形填空之 九大解题技巧九大解题技巧1.利用首句来解题利用首句来解题Ididverybadly
7、atschool.MyheadmasterthoughtIwas36andwhenIwas14,hesaid,“Yourenevergoingtobe37(anything)butafailure.”36.A.brightB.uselessC.simpleD.hopeful2. 根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题Ourfatherwasastruggling36(lawyer),butIalwaysknewhewas37.Henevercriticizedus,butused38tobringoutourbest. 37.A.strictB.honestC.speci
8、alD.learned38.A.helpB.peaceC.smileD.praisePracticeHisbigstomachhasalwaysballoonedoutbetweenhisT-shirtandtrousers.Althoughhisfamilyoften43aboutthat,Edrefusedtobuya44T-shirtortoloseweight.43.A.caredB.forgotC.quarreled D.joked44.A.cleanB.straightC.largerD.darker常见的标志性的词语有以下几种常见的标志性的词语有以下几种:结构层次结构层次:fir
9、stly,secondly,thirdly；逻辑关系：逻辑关系：thus,therefore,so；递进关系：递进关系：besides,whatsmore,furthermore;转折关系：转折关系：but,while,however等。等。3. 利用语篇的标志性的词语解题利用语篇的标志性的词语解题Shetoldthefront-deskclerkshehadhada(n)_1_vacation,butwasheart-brokenaboutlosingseveralrollsofKodakcolorfilmshehadnotyetdeveloped.1.A.disappointingB.wo
10、nderfulC.uncomfortableD.important_andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange_37_quitepleasanttaste.37.A.besidesB.butC.andD.or 4. 根据逻辑推理解题根据逻辑推理解题Studentsgenerallyappreciatethesespecial50opportunities.Theyarealmostalwaysfunandinteresting,andprofessors51themtoobecauses
11、tudentslearnsomuchinjustafewshortmonths.50.A.workingB.livingC.teachingD.learning51.A.holdB.likeC.dislikeD.discoverPracticeTheamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld.36(Owning)springsandstreamssometimesmeanscontrol,particularlyinthe37areaslikethedesert.AdryBdistantCdesertedDwild5. 根
12、据常识和文化背景的角度来选择根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择Iwentintoacafandaskedforacoffee.21Iwaswaitingformydrink,Irealizedthattherewereotherpeopleintheplace,butIsensed22(loneliness).ABeforeBSinceCAlthough DWhile6.从语法角度来解题从语法角度来解题1)Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming_1_.Soheshouldnthavegoneintothatplace.1.A.afterallB.inall
13、C.atallD.forall2)SoItriedhardwithmywritingandwenttocollege.Myfirstnovel45whileIwasatcollege.45.A.cameonB.cameinC.cameoutD.cameback7.从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题8.利用词汇的复现解题利用词汇的复现解题Howdoesatoothgobad?The51beginsinalittlecrackintheenamel(珐琅）珐琅）coveringofthetooth.Thishappensaftergermsandbitsoffoodhav
14、ecollectedthere.Thenthedecayslowlyspreadsinsidethetooth.Intheend,poisongoesintoblood,andwemayfeelquiteill.51.A.destructionB.decayC.faultD.hurt上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。空空51和红体单词在和红体单词在意义上是一致的，意义上是一致的，属于属于同义词复现现象同义词复现现象。.Iraisedthepistolandfired.Theanimalfellbackwardswithanangrycry.Fathertookthe_38_smoki
15、ngpistolfrommyhand,andfiredanothershot,whichkilledthegorilla.38.A.stillB.yetC.evenD.already9.利用语气副词的情景解题利用语气副词的情景解题完形填空之完形填空之 实战训练实战训练 Are dreams of any use tothe dreamer or to anybody else? We may remember the traveler who _1_ the ship Waratah at Durbanbecause of his terrible_2_. The Waratah laterd
16、isappeared entirely, witheveryone on _3_. Thetravelers dreams helped him and saved him from _4_, but they didnthelp the other people. Whywas this man treated_5_ from everyone else? 1. A. leftB. got C. droveD. enter 2. A. ideas B. suggestions C. dreamsD. words 3. A. boardB. ship C. seaD. deck 4. A. l
17、ifeB. death C. illnessD. disease 5. A. similarly B. differently C. strangely D. unfortunatelyleftboarddeathdifferentlydreams Another man _6_ hada dream about the BlackForest in Germany. In hisdream he was walking inthe forest _7_ two menran out and tried to throwhim to the _8_. He ranoff as fast as
18、he could, butthey followed. He reacheda place _9_ he saw two_10_ roads in front ofhim, one to the right andthe other to the left. Whichroad ought he to _11_ ? 6. A. aloneB. once C. stillD. even 7. A. whileB. as C. beforeD. when 8. A. floorB. earth C. soilD. ground 9. A. whichB. that C. whereD. who10
19、. A. sameB. separate C. dividedD. crossed11. A. takeB. bring C. carryD. go句型下文有暗示宾语separatewheregroundwhenoncetake He heard the two men_12_ him, getting nearerand at the same time he heard a voice in his ear. Ittold him to go to the _13_ ,and he did so. He ran on and soon came to a smallhotel. He wa
20、s _14_here kindly and given a room, and so he was _15_from the two men. Thatwas the dream. 12. A. next to B. in front of C. besideD. behind13. A. houseB. hotel C. leftD. right14. A. accepted B. received C. refusedD. closed15. A. killed B. murdered C. savedD. robbedbehindright下文有暗示receivedsaved16. A.
21、 exactly B. really C. sincerely D. actually17. A. happened B. performed C. actedD. chose18. A. forgot B. remembered C. missed D. noticed19. A. arrivedB. left C. reachedD. got20. A. agoB. before C. laterD. after Twenty years later he was_16_ in the Black Forestand as it _17_ in thedream long before,
22、two menran out and tried to throw himdown. He ran off, and came toa place with two roads as in the dream.He_18_ thedream and took the road to the right. He soon _19_asmall hotel, was taken in, andso was safe. His dream oftwenty years _20_ had Saved his life.reallyhappenedrememberedreachedbefore第11题答
23、案第13题答案20201 10 0年全国各地完形填空词性分布年全国各地完形填空词性分布序序号号试卷名试卷名称称动动词词名名词词形容词形容词 副词副词介词介词 连词连词 代词代词1全国卷全国卷I66314002全国卷全国卷II71630123北京北京64431014天津天津74431015重庆重庆111411116辽宁辽宁75221307浙江浙江66421108湖北湖北94411109湖南湖南8442110汇汇总总673535181185高考英语完形填空考查热点高考英语完形填空考查热点热点热点1 语篇理解语篇理解热点热点2 逻辑推理，归纳概括逻辑推理，归纳概括热点热点3 情景运用，常识应用情景运
24、用，常识应用热点热点4 上下文联系上下文联系热点热点5 词语辨析词语辨析二、二、完形填空的解题技巧完形填空的解题技巧1）根据根据上下文语境上下文语境解题解题5）根据根据生活常识及文化背景生活常识及文化背景解题解题4）根据词语固定搭配及根据词语固定搭配及辨辨析解题析解题2 2）根据句段间的逻辑推理关系解题）根据句段间的逻辑推理关系解题3 3) ) 根据根据词汇的复现词汇的复现解题解题1 1）上下文语境）上下文语境把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考示，对
25、整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，快速若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。例例1： Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwith
26、twomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas1andthesametimefeelinglonely.Worsestill,Dad2astepandfell,sendingmynewsuitcaserollingdownthestairs.（01全国）全国）1.A.helplessB.lazyC.anxiousD.tired2.A.tookB.mindedC.missedD.picked例例2:ButEllaFant,whowasfilledwith1,shoutedatthetopofhervoice,Lookat2Theyrealloutofstepe
27、xceptmyJohn步调不一致步调不一致Isnthethebest（04天津）天津）1.A.sadnessB.happinessC.surpriseD.regret2.A.themB.herC.thatD.him2 2）句际间的逻辑推理关系）句际间的逻辑推理关系完形填空中的任何一句话往往都不是孤立存完形填空中的任何一句话往往都不是孤立存在的，而是要靠上下问作依托，看前因后果在的，而是要靠上下问作依托，看前因后果才能确立的。它涉及到文章的起承转合、上才能确立的。它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系
28、、因果关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。对比关系等。 例例1： IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon,_Istillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.wA.and B.forC.butD.as例例2： Atransistorradio半导体收音机半导体收音机issometimesverysmall.Itisveryeasytocarry48,radiobroadcastsarebetterforblindp
29、eople.48.A.BesidesB.HoweverC.YetD.Sometimes例例3andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange38quitepleasanttaste.38.A.besidesB.butC.andD.or例例4： Theyaresomeofthepoorestpeopleinapovertystrickencountry.53,nowtheyhaveanextrasourceofincome.53.A.ButB.AndC.HoweverD.Therefore3)3
30、)词汇的复现词汇的复现“词汇的复现词汇的复现”是指某一词以原词、同义是指某一词以原词、同义词或近义词、概括词以及其他形式重复出词或近义词、概括词以及其他形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。大体上说，成一个完整和有机的意义整体。大体上说，词汇的复现包括：原词复现、同义词复现、词汇的复现包括：原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、概括词复现和近义词复现、反义词复现、概括词复现和注释性复现注释性复现。例例1： The strange thing w
31、as that practically all the students went to class, and very few people stayed up late at night. Only the new people stayed up or _ class. (NMET2000春） A. attended B. took C. missed D. studied文章中文章中or连接的是并列成分，所以空格中的内容应连接的是并列成分，所以空格中的内容应与上文与上文wenttoclass构成相反的意义，该题属于反构成相反的意义，该题属于反义词复现现象。义词复现现象。4)词语固定搭配
32、及词语固定搭配及辨辨析析 完形填空题中完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查主要体现对词汇知识的考查主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两个方在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两个方面面。习惯用法是英语中某些固定的结构形态，。习惯用法是英语中某些固定的结构形态，不能随意变动。所以，考生应掌握习惯用法，不能随意变动。所以，考生应掌握习惯用法，用它来分析破解完形填空题或许可算得上是用它来分析破解完形填空题或许可算得上是一件秘密武器。词义辨析题的比重有加大的一件秘密武器。词义辨析题的比重有加大的趋势。要做好这类题目，非得有较大的词汇趋势。要做好这类题目，非得有较大的词汇量、较强的词语搭配能力。量、较强的词语
33、搭配能力。例例1：Irealizedstrengthandcouragearentalways1inmedalsandvictories,butinthe2weovercome.克服克服(2004天津天津)1.A.measuredB.praisedC.testedD.increased2.A.sadnessB.struggles奋斗奋斗C.diseasesD.tiredness 例例2: TheotherdayIwassittinginasmallrestauranthavingaquietdrinkandatalkwithafewfriendswhenitsuddenly1methatalm
34、osteveryoneintherestaurantwassmoking.Itwasntlong2thewholeroomwasfilledwithsmoke.1.A.seemedB.struckC.sankD.showed2.A.agoB.afterC.beforeD.now5)5)生活常识及文化背景知识生活常识及文化背景知识完形填空题以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信完形填空题以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，其间无不渗透着各类相关的常识与知识。息，其间无不渗透着各类相关的常识与知识。考生做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背考生做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，将会大大简化复杂的分
35、景知识和生活常识，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的答案。因此，这就要求考生平地选出正确的答案。因此，这就要求考生平时注意知识的积累，并加强不同学科间的知时注意知识的积累，并加强不同学科间的知识融合，有意识地了解一些英语国家的文化识融合，有意识地了解一些英语国家的文化背景知识，这对英语学习和应试将大有帮助。背景知识，这对英语学习和应试将大有帮助。例例1：,shewasalwayswaitingatthebusstoparound8:00.On39days,sheworeheavyclothesandapairofwool
36、engloves.39.A.sunnyB.rainyC.cloudyD.snowy例例2：Immediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothehospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest例例3：. Onethingwealldonowandagainistoloseour54withafriendandcloserelatives.Theoddthingisthatwemoreoftendisplaygreat55towardssomeonewearefondofthantowards56.(2
37、002上海卷）上海卷）54.A.mindB.memoryC.mannerD.temper55.A.angerB.interestC.loveD.respect56.A.strangersB.friendsC.relativesD.colleagues在日常生活中人们通常会对亲戚朋友或者自己发脾在日常生活中人们通常会对亲戚朋友或者自己发脾气，但却不在陌生人身上。气，但却不在陌生人身上。加上加上morethan的句的句型，则可以判断出答案了型，则可以判断出答案了。 完形填空的解题技巧完形填空的解题技巧课堂小结课堂小结1 1）根据上下文语境解题）根据上下文语境解题2 2）根据句段间的逻辑推理关系解题）根据句段间的逻辑推理关系解题3) 3) 根据词汇的复现解题根据词汇的复现解题4 4）根据词语固定搭配及辨析解题）根据词语固定搭配及辨析解题5 5）根据生活常识及文化背景解题）根据生活常识及文化背景解题
