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1、Grammar过去分词的用法过去分词的用法Look at the dialogue and find the use of the past participle.- Look at the excited boy! Why is he so happy?- He has got the first prize in the contest.- No wonder he is excited!定语表语课文回顾课文回顾 请分析下列课文句子的过去分词的用法。 He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from
2、London. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. He became interested in two theories.(定语)(定语)(表语) But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. He immediately told the aston
3、ished people in Broad Street to remove the handle.Question:什么是定语？什么是表语？表语表语定语定语表语表语定语定语定语的概念：表语的概念:相当于形容词，在句中修饰名词或代词的成分相当于形容词，在句中修饰名词或代词的成分。说明主语的身份、特征或状态；位于系动词之说明主语的身份、特征或状态；位于系动词之后，如后，如be, appear, look, get, become, turn, grow, feel, smell, touch, taste, remain, seemfallen leaves 落叶落叶the risen sun
4、升起的太阳升起的太阳a retired worker 一位退休教师一位退休教师(被动被动)(完成完成) 1.过去分词作过去分词作定语定语放在被修饰的名词放在被修饰的名词_，做，做前置定语前置定语表示表示_ 或或_。前面前面被动（被动（vt.)完成完成(vi.)a respected doctor 一位受人尊敬的医生一位受人尊敬的医生polluted water 受污染的水受污染的水a newly invented machine 一台新发明的机器一台新发明的机器过去分词短语作过去分词短语作后置定语后置定语，放在被修饰的名放在被修饰的名词词_，它的作用相当于一个，它的作用相当于一个定语从句定语从
5、句.后面后面The Story of Ah Q written by Lu Xun is familiar to us.=The Story of Ah Q which is written by Lu Xun is familiar to us.The city surrounded by mountains is my hometown.= The city which is surrounded by mountains is my hometown.现在分词和过去分词做定语，有何区别呢？falling leavesfallen leaves区别区别 1boiling waterboil
6、ed waterthe rising sunthe risen sun 正在正在沸腾的水沸腾的水已经已经烧开的水烧开的水正在正在升起的太阳升起的太阳升起升起了的太阳了的太阳V-ing表主动意义或动作正在进行，表主动意义或动作正在进行， V-ed表被动意义或动作已经完成表被动意义或动作已经完成1. disappointing news disappointed people2. exciting story excited people3. tired people/ Im tired4. tiring film1. 令令人人失望的消息失望的消息 感感到到失望的人们失望的人们2. 激激动人心的动
7、人心的故事故事 （感到）感到）激动的人们激动的人们3. 累累了的人了的人/我我感到感到累了累了 （使人觉得）使人觉得）无聊的电影无聊的电影区别区别 2V-edV-ing感到感到的的令人令人的的1.As is known to us all, traveling is_, but we often feel_ when we are back from travels. A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring. C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired2. Hearing the_ news, we a
8、ll felt_ A. encouraging; encouraging B. encouraged; encouraged C. encouraged; encouraging D. encouraging; encouraged1. Will you attend the meeting _ on Saturday?A. held B. being heldC. to be held D. hold2. The woman _a lesson is our teacher.A. giving B. givenC. to give D. give还没发生的动作还没发生的动作正在发生的动作，表
9、主动正在发生的动作，表主动 A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing解析 过去分词做定语：过去分词做定语：表被动，表完成表被动，表完成。现在分词作定语：现在分词作定语：表主动，表进行表主动，表进行。不定式作定语：表示不定式作定语：表示将要发生将要发生的动作。的动作。3.The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.区别区别 1 14. I have read plenty of p
10、lays _ by Shakespeare. A.written B. wrote C. write D. writing 5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English came out in the 16th century. A.to be produced B. producedC. being produced D. having produced 过去分词过去分词donedone、 不定式（被动式不定式（被动式to be doneto be done）、）、 现在分词（被动式现在分词（被动式being donebeing done）作定语
11、的区别：作定语的区别：e.g.：The house built last year is our new library.The house being built now will be our new library.The house to be built next year will be our new library.（表将要进行的被动（表将要进行的被动 ）（表正在进行的被动）（表正在进行的被动）（表完成或被动）（表完成或被动）位于位于系动词系动词后，不表示后，不表示“被动被动”或或“完成完成”，而表示主语的，而表示主语的状态或情绪，状态或情绪，相当于形容词相当于形容词。1.Th
12、ey are excited.2.He looked worried after reading the letter.3.When we heard of this, we were deeply moved.2. 过去分词过去分词作表语作表语系动词的分类：系动词的分类：“似乎类似乎类”：“感觉类感觉类”： “变成类变成类”：“仍然类仍然类”：基本形式基本形式：Be( am, is, are)seem, appear, lookfeel, sound, smell, tastebecome, go, get, grow, fall, turnremain, stay, keepWhat he
13、 said was _ (encourage).We were _ (encourage )at what he said.The football game is very _(bore). We were _(bore) at the football game.V-ing 与与V-ed 作表语的区别作表语的区别encouragingencouragedboringbored注意：表示注意：表示“感觉流露感觉流露”的一些过去分词的一些过去分词(如如:interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去和一些过去 分词分词(如如d
14、ressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用常用 作表语作表语,表示状态表示状态.其中有些其中有些仅表示状态仅表示状态,毫无被动毫无被动 意味。意味。 How did the audience receive the new play? They got very_ （excite) She was very _ (disappoint) to hear the result. How did Bob do in the exams this time? Well, his father seems _ (please)with his results.exci
15、tedpleaseddisappointed有些表示位置移动的不及物动词的-ed形式也可以做表语。 Spring is gone and summer is come. The sun is already set.注意：注意： 2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被 动语态的区别：动语态的区别：(1)过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构，被动意味很弱，主要强调主语所处的状态。(2)被动语态说明主语是动作的承受者，后常跟by短语，强调的是动作。例：The cup is broken.The cup was broken by Tom.杯子碎了。(强调杯子目前的状态
16、)杯子是Tom打碎的。(强调打碎的动作)be prepared to do be interested in doing/sthbe worried aboutbe dressed in sthbe concerned aboutbe absorbed in doing/sthbe lost in doing sth be devoted to doing sth be buried in doing sth准备好做某事准备好做某事对对感兴趣（习惯）感兴趣（习惯）担心担心穿着穿着关心关心专注于专注于全神贯注于全神贯注于献身于献身于埋头于埋头于短语积累短语积累C解析该题考查分词作表语的用法。该题
17、考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded, get married,get dressed, get changed, get lost等等. .Cleaning women in big cities usually get _by the hour.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay3.V-ed used as Object Complement 过去分词做过去分词做宾
18、语补足语宾语补足语1.表示状表示状态的的动词: keep ，leave They kept the door locked for a long time. Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.2.带有有“致使致使”含含义的的动词: have, make（1）注意）注意”have sth done”的两种用法：的两种用法：表示表示让某人做某事，如某人做某事，如：I have had my bike repaired .The villagers had many trees planted just then.过去分去分词通
19、常用在以下几通常用在以下几类词后作后作宾补表示表示“遭遇到某种不幸；受到打遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击”等。等。 如：如：My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.The old man had his wrist broken in the accident.(2)”make + 宾语+过去分去分词” I raised my voice to make myself heard.They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English.3.表示
20、感官与心理状表示感官与心理状态动词: watch ,notice, see, hear, listen to, feel, find, etc.I saw him _ in bed.I saw him _ by a dog.sleepingbittenI saw him _ .我看见他摔倒了。我看见他摔倒了。fall down5. “with+宾语宾补” 1.With many brightly-colored flowers _(plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.2.With the boy
21、 _(lead) the way，we found he house easily.3. With so many essays _ (write)，he wont have time to go shopping this morning. plantedleadingto write1.(2004全国卷） Helen had to shout _ above the sound the music.A.making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D. to make herself heard.2.
22、(2004, 重庆卷) Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents_.A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worryDA高考链接高考链接 过去分词表完成、被动过去分词表完成、被动, 作作状语状语时时, 可表时间可表时间, 原因原因, 让步让步, 方式方式, 条件，条件，伴随等。伴随等。4. 过去分词过去分词作状语作状语1.Heated, ice will be changed into water.When it is h
23、eated, ice will be changed into water. 2.Caught in the heavy rain，he was wet to the skin.Because he was caught in the heavy rain，he was wet to the skin时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语3. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much bet
24、ter. 4. The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog.条件状语条件状语伴随状语伴随状语1._ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. （陕西（陕西2010）A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see 高考回顾高考回顾2. _ twice, the postman ref
25、used to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. （北京（北京2009）A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten 3. Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _ with his old one. （重庆（重庆2009）A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared 4. _ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. （福建（福建2009）A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded
