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1、Part FourWriting and Translation1. Translation2. WritingKnowing About TranslationTranslation PracticeWriting PracticeKnowing About TranslationPart Four: Writing and Translation Translation1 1、顺译法、顺译法 顺译法是指基本上按照汉语顺序顺译法是指基本上按照汉语顺序进行翻译，但如果同时能选用恰当的进行翻译，但如果同时能选用恰当的英语句型，译文就能自然、流畅。英语句型，译文就能自然、流畅。 汉译英长句翻译汉译
2、英长句翻译(2) (2) 汉译英长句翻译的方法汉译英长句翻译的方法Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation中国的统一和富强，不仅是祖国大陆各族人民的根本利中国的统一和富强，不仅是祖国大陆各族人民的根本利益所在，同样是台湾各族同胞的根本利益所在，而且有益所在，同样是台湾各族同胞的根本利益所在，而且有利于远东和世界和平。利于远东和世界和平。 例例 1译文译文The reunification of China and her prosperity not only represent the vital interests of the peop
3、le of different nationalities on the mainland and those of the compatriots of various nationalities in Taiwan, but also favor the peace in the Far East and the world. 分析分析此句句子包含三个分句，翻译时基本按照原句顺序，此句句子包含三个分句，翻译时基本按照原句顺序，选用了英语选用了英语“not only. but also. ”这一结构，使译这一结构，使译文较为紧凑。文较为紧凑。 Part Four: Writing and T
4、ranslation Translation例例 2译文译文如果你远离垃圾食品，饮食有规律且高质量，确保每日如果你远离垃圾食品，饮食有规律且高质量，确保每日膳食中都含有丰富的新鲜水果，新鲜蔬菜和谷类作物，膳食中都含有丰富的新鲜水果，新鲜蔬菜和谷类作物，那你就不太可能会有严重的压力，你会更加精神振奋！那你就不太可能会有严重的压力，你会更加精神振奋！ If you stay away from junk food, eat regular meals of high quality, and make certain fresh fruit, fresh vegetables, and grain
5、s are well represented in your daily diet, you are far less likely to experience severe stress and you will be more motivated as well! Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation例例 3译文译文建设民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、建设民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会主义和谐社会，要广泛团结一切可以人与自然和谐相处的社会主义和谐社会，要广泛团结一切可以团结的
6、力量，充分调动一切积极因素，激发全社会的创造活力；团结的力量，充分调动一切积极因素，激发全社会的创造活力；要妥善处理各方面的利益关系，让全体人民共享改革和建设的要妥善处理各方面的利益关系，让全体人民共享改革和建设的成果；要正确处理改革发展稳定的关系，努力为经济社会持续成果；要正确处理改革发展稳定的关系，努力为经济社会持续发展创造有利条件和良好环境。发展创造有利条件和良好环境。 To build a socialist society that is democratic and law-based, fair and just, trustworthy and friendly, full o
7、f vigor and vitality, secure and orderly, and in which man and nature are in harmony, we need to unite all forces that can be united, bring all positive factors into full play and stimulate the creativity of the entire society. We need to properly balance the interests of all quarters and ensure tha
8、t everyone shares the fruits of reform and development. We also need to balance reform, development and stability and strive to create favorable conditions and a good climate for sustained economic and social development.Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation2 2、断句法、断句法 所谓断句翻译法，就是把一个汉语句子所谓断句
9、翻译法，就是把一个汉语句子分译成两个或两个以上的英语句子。汉语长分译成两个或两个以上的英语句子。汉语长句常常是复句，内容较复杂，需要断作几个句常常是复句，内容较复杂，需要断作几个单句来译，才能使意思清晰，结构紧凑，符单句来译，才能使意思清晰，结构紧凑，符合英语的表达习惯。合英语的表达习惯。 Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation例例 1译文译文分析分析2.1 内容复杂的句子，按照句子意思进行断句内容复杂的句子，按照句子意思进行断句 中国学生很灵，一挥而就，中国学生很灵，一挥而就，(1)洋教师阅后，评出了最佳作文洋教师阅后，评出了最佳作文一篇
10、，一篇，(2)学生们听后大为不解，学生们听后大为不解，(3) 这种文章怎么能被评为这种文章怎么能被评为“最佳最佳”？(4) His Chinese students, quick at writing, finished the homework at one go and turned it in in no time. He went through the papers and picked the one that he thought the best. When he read it out to the students, they were generally perplexe
11、d. Of all the comments, why did he like this one best? 此句汉语仅为一句话，但包含着四层意思，第一层讲中国学生此句汉语仅为一句话，但包含着四层意思，第一层讲中国学生的特点，第二层讲洋教师的行动，第三层讲学生们对洋教师的的特点，第二层讲洋教师的行动，第三层讲学生们对洋教师的反应，第四层进一步挑明学生们的疑问。翻译时按照这四层意反应，第四层进一步挑明学生们的疑问。翻译时按照这四层意思进行断句，译成四个句子，表达流畅。思进行断句，译成四个句子，表达流畅。 Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation
12、例例 2译文译文分析分析经济全球化发展迅猛，国与国之间的相互依存关系日益加深，经济全球化发展迅猛，国与国之间的相互依存关系日益加深，多极化和全球化的发展带动国际关系的调整。多极化和全球化的发展带动国际关系的调整。 Economic globalization is developing rapidly and the interdependence between countries is deepening. Multi-polarization and globalization bring about adjustment in international relations. 按照原文
13、的两层意思进行断句。按照原文的两层意思进行断句。Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation例例 1译文译文分析分析此句是先总说后分述的句子，第一部分是概括，译文就在此句是先总说后分述的句子，第一部分是概括，译文就在此处断开。此处断开。 2.2 总分复句总分复句 总分复句包括总说和分述两个部分，先总说后分述的句子，可在总分复句包括总说和分述两个部分，先总说后分述的句子，可在句子的开头部分断句；先分述后总说的句子，可在句子的结尾部句子的开头部分断句；先分述后总说的句子，可在句子的结尾部分断句。分断句。这王冕天性聪明，这王冕天性聪明，(1) 年纪不满
14、年纪不满20岁，就把那天文、地理、经岁，就把那天文、地理、经史上的大学问，无一不贯通。史上的大学问，无一不贯通。(2) Wang Mian had genius. While still in his teens, he mastered the whole field of astronomy, geography, the classics and history. Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation例例 2译文译文分析分析此句是先分述后总说的句子，在句子的结尾处断句。此句是先分述后总说的句子，在句子的结尾处断句。另一种态度另一种态
15、度, 学习的时候用脑筋想一下学习的时候用脑筋想一下, 学那些和我国情况相学那些和我国情况相适合的东西适合的东西, 即吸取对我们有益的经验即吸取对我们有益的经验, 我们需要的是这样一我们需要的是这样一种态度。种态度。The other attitude is to use our heads and learn those things which suit our conditions, that is, to absorb whatever experience is useful to us. That is the attitude we should adopt. Translatio
16、n PracticePart Four: Writing and Translation TranslationPromising new technologies can power our homes, factories and cars with cleaner, more efficient energycutting emissions while strengthening our economy.Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. They may be useful in your writi
17、ng.1) 前景广阔的新技术可以为我们的家庭、工业和汽车提供更干前景广阔的新技术可以为我们的家庭、工业和汽车提供更干净、更有效率的能源净、更有效率的能源既能减少废气排放，又能促进经济既能减少废气排放，又能促进经济发展。发展。Part Four: Writing and Translation TranslationIndeed, unless we reach across borders and face threats to the environment together, the earth may be confronted with an ecological crisis, wi
18、th half of all species gone, and our grand children enduring deadly floods, droughts and disease brought on by global warming.2) 如果我们不超越国界，共同面对环境威胁，地球将可能面临生如果我们不超越国界，共同面对环境威胁，地球将可能面临生态危机：有半数的物种将消失，我们的子孙也将承受全球变暖态危机：有半数的物种将消失，我们的子孙也将承受全球变暖所带来的致命的洪水、干旱和疾病。所带来的致命的洪水、干旱和疾病。Our planet is a biosphere, whic
19、h demands that nations work in global partnership to solve complex environmental problems such as the long-range transport of air pollutants and hazardous waste disposal.3) 我们的地球是个生物圈我们的地球是个生物圈 （biosphere），），它要求各国携手，共它要求各国携手，共同解决空气污染物长距离转移，有害废物处理等复杂的环境问题。同解决空气污染物长距离转移，有害废物处理等复杂的环境问题。Part Four: Writi
20、ng and Translation TranslationOnly 100 years ago man lived in harmony with nature. Today this harmonious relationship is threatened by mans lack of foresight and planning, and by his carelessness and greed, for man is slowly poisoning his environment.4) 风险是生活中不可避免的一部分，或者来自于地震、火灾等罕风险是生活中不可避免的一部分，或者来自
21、于地震、火灾等罕见事件，或者来自于有害环境缓慢的、日积月累的侵害。它们见事件，或者来自于有害环境缓慢的、日积月累的侵害。它们可能造成财产的损失，甚至生命危险。可能造成财产的损失，甚至生命危险。Risks are an unavoidable part of life. They stem from rare events such as earthquakes and fires or from slowly accumulating effects of exposure to hazardous conditions and probably cause loss of property,
22、 even loss of life.5) 100年前，人类仍与自然和谐相处。今天这种和谐的关系正在年前，人类仍与自然和谐相处。今天这种和谐的关系正在面临危险。由于缺乏远见、计划不周、粗心大意和贪得无厌，面临危险。由于缺乏远见、计划不周、粗心大意和贪得无厌，人类正在逐渐毒害着环境。人类正在逐渐毒害着环境。Writing PracticePart Four: Writing and Translation WritingDirections: Write a composition entitled “Are Environmental Risks Worth Taking?” basing o
23、n the results of your discussion in Weighing the Risks in Part Three. Your composition should be no less than 120 words. Remember to write neatly.SamplePart Four: Writing and Translation WritingSample 1 Are Environmental Risks Worth Taking? It seems that environmental risks are worth taking. China i
24、s a great nation and she must compete in the modern world. In order to do this, she has to take risks of all kinds. Pollution is one of the major consequences of technological and economic growth. If stricter controls are placed on companies and if laws are made to help limit pollution, we can reduc
25、e the risks on the environment. Unfortunately, installing anti-pollution devices on chimneys and cleaning up the rivers and lakes are very costly.To be continuedPart Four: Writing and Translation Writing It is too late to turn back. The market economy has brought many good changes that have improved
26、 peoples lives. Progress of any kind has always involved risks. We must be prepared to take risks in order to move ahead. However, we must not move blindly. We must remain vigilant with regard to the environmental consequences of our economic development. We must not proceed so quickly that we put t
27、he health of the population at risk.Part Four: Writing and Translation WritingSample 2 Are Environmental Risks Worth Taking? I dont think environmental risks are worth taking. Man has already done much damage to the planet. We will all suffer the consequences of increased global warming, massive pol
28、lution of rivers and oceans, and continued destruction of forests. We must start looking for more ways to improve the environment rather than continuing to damage it. Of course, we all want to have a more comfortable life. We want refrigerators, television sets, and other household items. We want ca
29、rs instead of bicycles. We want to be able to buy more and more things. To be continuedPart Four: Writing and Translation WritingEnd of Part 4Go to Part 5But at what cost? If we produce more garbage, if we pollute the air, the land and the great rivers, we will suffer. We will not be able to breathe
30、 fresh air or drink clean water. Health risks will increase and our life span will decrease.The environmental risks we are taking today are not worth taking in the long run. The short-term gains cant outweigh the long-term pain and suffering. We shouldnt use our own hands to destroy the place we are living in and our future generations will depend on for their living.Sample 2
