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1、非谓语动词非谓语动词就是不能充当句子谓语的动词Warming-upTo be or not to be is a question.生或死是一个问题。Believing in yourself is very important.自信很重要。Greatly encouraged, I made up my mind to go on with the study of English.由于受到很大的鼓舞，我决心继续学习英语。非谓语动词不定式：to do Her ambition is to become a teacher.现在分词: doingHearing the exiting news
2、, the boy jumped for joy.过去分词: doneNot interested in the talk, he left earlier than others.不定式的特征Vt. 不定式可跟宾语They tried to paint the people and nature as they really were.可以被状语修饰Its still all about being able to run faster, jump higher and throw further.没有人称和数的变换，不受主语人称和数的影响She worried about her son
3、and told her husband to call the police.不定式的特征其否定形式是在to前加notRemember not to miss any point.不定式有自己的逻辑主语时，常用for或of结构引出Its impolite of you to visit someone without telling him in advance.exercisePassengers are permitted A only one piece of luggage onto the plane.A. to carry B. carryingC. to be carried
4、D. being carriedWe are astonished B the temple still in its original condition.A. finding B. to findC. find D. to be found不定式的句法功能：不定式相当于n./ a./ adv,可作主、表、宾、定、状、补和插入语。作主语To describe a person is a difficult task.To see is to believe.眼见为实。作表语The aim of the treaty is to prevent the commercial and milit
5、ary use of the continent.这个公约的目的是为了防止商业和军事上使用这个洲。To see is to believe.眼见为实。不定式作宾语Does anyone want to show your opinion?当不定式作宾语，其后又有宾补时，常用it作形式宾语，将不定式后置。I feel it necessary to learn English.作介宾She did nothing except (to) complain while she was here.不定式作宾语带to的不定式作宾补He asked me to give him an explanati
6、on for my absence last time.不带to的不定式作宾补(感官、使役动词) The rain will make the plants grow quicker.常见的不能跟不定式作宾补的动词有hope, demand, agree, suggest, insist等，此时应用句子表达。I hope you will come earlier tomorrow.作定语：必须放在被修饰词后面I am always the first person to get to the classroom.(主谓关系)I know there are lots of interesti
7、ng things to see there. (动宾关系)“prep. + which/whom + 不定式”结构作定语The young couple needs a lot of money with which to buy a new house.作定语：必须放在被修饰词后面不定式动词为vi.,其后应有相应的prep.Someone says Australia is dangerous place to live in or visit.不定式作定语时，多表将来的动作。The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance. （
8、of importance= important）exerciseThe ability to express (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.That is the only way we can imagine to reduce (reduce) the overuse of water in students bathrooms.作状语：表目的、原因、结果或比较，表原因、结果时不置于句首。To make a living, he had to write and sell stories.The students
9、 form a English Club in order to improve their oral English.She arrived the airport only to find the plane had already taken off.不定式复合结构：用for或of引出逻辑主语，可作主、宾、定、状语。It is unusual for a woman to live in the forest.Its time for the people to protect all the living things in the sea.It is kind of you to s
10、ay so.(表示人的性格、品质)It is difficult for you to learn Spanish.不定式的各种形式 主动形式被动形式一般式to teachto be taught进行式to be teaching完成式to have taughtto have been taught完成进行式to have been teachingTo catch the plane, wed better go to the airport by taxi.Im glad to be singing with you.I am sorry to have brought you so m
11、uch trouble.He is said to have been writing the novel for years.All the tasks needs to be finished next week.exerciseIf they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city A by their enthusiastic supporters.A. to be cheered B. be cheeredC. were cheered D. being cheered疑问词与不定式连用疑问词
12、who, what, which, when, where, how等后加上不定式相当于名词性从句，可作主、宾、表、同位语等。I dont know how to play volleyball.I dont know how I shall play volleyball.The problem is how to educate the young generation.Could you show me how to play the computer games?省去to的动词不定式感官动词和使役动词后作宾补(“一感二听三让五看半帮助”)Will you please have Jim
13、 come over tomorrow?以why开头的省略疑问句中Why not join us in the game?“前有do,后省to”, but, except, besides, such as等介词所在的句中Dont do anything silly, such marry him.此前省略toexerciseThe director had her assistant B some hot dogs for the meeting.A. picked up B. pick upC. picking up D. picks up不定式中to后面内容的省略可以省略，保留至to W
14、ould you like to study English with me? Yes, I would like to.部分省略:若省略的不定式内容是助动词have, be的任何形式，to 后要保留原形have和to.He has won the game but in fact, he ought to have.不定式主动形式表被动意义动宾关系I had an important lecture to attend.“be+性质adj. + 不定式”The problem is impossible to solve.不定式与疑问句连用时What to do next hasnt bee
15、n decided.某些不定式与be连用时: blame, rent, seek等。The house is to rent.不定式构成的特殊句式在tooto结构中,当too与ready, easy, willing, eager, anxious等adj.连用时，too相当于very.Everyone was too eager to tell him the truth. very eager to在tooto结构中,当too在not, never, only, all , but后，其后不定式的意思为肯定.You are never too old to learn.动名词：可表事物功能
16、、用途动名词构成与现在分词完全相同，具有v.特性，可在句中作主、表、宾、定语；又有n.的特性，可有自己的状语和宾语。I look forward to writing to you about my new school.Traveling around the world will be an amazing experience.It no use talking about it at present.My main job is collecting information about emigration.动名词作定语表示用途dancing room 舞厅fishing pole 钓
17、鱼竿sleeping pill 安眠药smoking room 吸烟室working hours 工作时间writing course 写作课filling station 加油站动名词作宾语作动宾(P135)He will keep trying out new ideas so he can help farmers around China.作介宾(P136)We should prevent the lake from being polluted.其他情况(P136)do some washinggo shopping动名词的各种形式 主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeing do
18、ne完成式 having donehaving been done否定式not doing动名词的各种形式Drinking enough water will improve your skin and give you healthy hair.（无时间先后）She denied having stolen anything.(谓语动词之后发生)Thank you for giving us so much help.He could not bear being made fun of like that.She regretted not having studied the compu
19、ter hard.动名词的复合结构His coming made me very happy.I dont like young people smoking.In 1949, New China, like a sun rising in the east, appeared in the world.现在分词：具有v./a./adv的特性，表“令人”或动作正在进行句法功能：表、定、补、状语The lecture you gave is very encouraging.There is a sleeping boy under the tree. 正在睡觉的There is a boy w
20、ho is sleeping under the tree.She could feel her heart beating with fear.The naughty boy is found very annoying. 令人讨厌的作状语：时间、原因、伴随或方式、结果、条件、让步及评注性状语Believing in your brother, I asked him to do an important job. (主语一致)The old lady stood by the door, looking out and feeling sad.(主语一致)Generally speakin
21、g, boys are more interested in such activities than girls. (评注性状语，主语无须一致)exerciseSit down, Emma. You will make yourself more tired, keeping (keep) on your feet.Listening (listen) to music, I heard the doorbell ring.Working (work) hard, youll succeed.过去分词（pp）：具有v.特征，可有自己的宾语和状语，又具有a./adv.的特征，可作表、补和状语。
22、Vt.的pp.,表被动含义和动作的完成Greatly encourage, we made our mind to go on with the training.Vi.的pp.,只动作的完成You could see fallen leaves everywhere in the fall.过去分词否定：“not/never+ pp.”Not seriously injured, you just need a rest at home.pp.句法功能:作表、定、补及状语I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted frie
23、nd and helper of the human race.As a result, now we are an endangered species.Paper cuts used for religious purposes are often found in temples.Paper cuts which/that are used for religious purposes are often found in temples.作补足语I saw the horse tied to a tree.I must go to town to have my MP4 repaire
24、d.(宾补)This song is often heard sung in our school.（主补）作状语：表时间、条件、原因、伴随等。Seen from the hill, the town looks beautiful. (时间)Frightened by the noise outside, the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom. (原因)Given the chance, I would work in the countryside.（条件）Followed by the famous detective, the l
25、ady returned home. （伴随）非谓语动词的用法比较不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，动名词作主语时，只有以下句型中可用it作形式主语： It is no good/ no use/ useless/funIt is fun talking with a foreign teacher.There be no+ doingThere is no parking around here.动名词复合结构Does our helping mean a lot to the poor students?成分对等关系Seeing is believing.= To see is to b
26、elieve.不定式和动名词作主语时Some of my classmates like reading/to read these novels written by Han Han.After a short rest, he went on to writing the letter.(P144)After a short rest, he went on writing the letter.want, need, require表“需要”时My computer needs repairing/ to be repaired.I saw a little boy walk in th
27、e street last midnight. (to do表示动作全过程)I saw a little walking in the street last midnight.（doing表示动作正在进行）I saw the rising sun in the east.(表正在进行)I bought a walking stick yesterday.(表名词用途)作定语的用法比较作状语的用法比较We arrived here only to find the concert over.(表意料之外的结果或失望之情)The snow lasted three days, causing g
28、reat damage.(顺其自然的结果)Looking around, I found there was no one nearby.独立主格结构非谓语动词的独立主格结构其他词类的独立主格结构with/without+ 复合宾语独立主格结构的特点修饰整个句子，位置灵活，独立主格结构和句子间不能使用连接词独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子主语不同，其间一般用逗号隔开Nearly 100 million people live here, most of them in the east.非谓语动词的独立主格结构Lots of homework to do, the boy had to stay
29、at home all day.The little girl ran away, her hand waving in the air.The mother sat alone, head bent.其他词类的独立主格结构His stomach empty, he looked for something to eat when he came back.Class over, the students rushed out of the classroom.He came out of the library, a thick dictionary under his arm.with/without+ 复合宾语The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing.All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.Dont speak with your mouth full.The boy headed home, with his schoolbag on his back.
