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1、专题八特殊句式及主谓一致专题八特殊句式及主谓一致一、倒装句主语和谓语有两种语序。主语在谓语之前称为自然语序；反之，若谓语在主语之前，称为倒装语序。倒装的形式有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。种类定义倒装条件热身训练先练后背完全倒装整个谓语动词提到主语前面(主语是代词除外)here，there，then，up，down，in，out，off，away等副词开头的句子表示强调Look! There _(come) our teacher.Under the tree _(stand) two tables and four chairs.Present at the meeting _ (be) 1,0
2、00 students.表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡comes stand/stood were/are 种类定义倒装条件热身训练先练后背部分倒装助动词，be动词和情态动词提到主语前面，行为动词仍在主语的后面never，hardly，scarcely，seldom，little，not until，not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首Hardly _ I know what had happened.Only then _ he realize the importance of English.Not only _ he know French，but
3、also he is expert at it.Neither _ I know it, nor _ I care about it.only和修饰的状语放于句首not only.but also连接并列的句子，前倒后不倒neither.nor.连接并列的句子，前后都倒装did did does do do 种类定义倒装条件热身训练先练后背部分倒装助动词，be动词和情态动词提到主语前面，行为动词仍在主语的后面so.that，such.that中的so或such及修饰的成分放于句首时前倒后不倒So busy _ he that he can not go on a holiday.Child _
4、 he is, he has learned a lot.He can play the piano, _can I._you be in good health!_I you, I would not do it in this way.as引导的让步状语so，neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事用于表示祝愿的祈使句中省略if的虚拟条件isassoMayWere二、强调指要突出句子中的某一部分，使其显得更加重要。倒装语序其实就是强调的手段之一，除此之外还可以用以下几种方法来达到强调目的。情况说明热身训练先练后背助动词do用do强调谓语动词_be careful!Do 情况说
5、明热身训练先练后背句型表强调it强调句：(1)It is/was被强调部分that/who句子其他成分。(2)It is/was not until.that句子其他成分。(3)特殊疑问句中的强调：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat其他成分？(4)在名词性从句中的强调句式：特殊疑问词itis/was that其他成分。_was at his office that we called on Mr.Wang this morning.It was not until he told me _ I knew it.What was it _ caused the party to be put o
6、ff?I do not know what _ was that he said at the meeting.What.be.，利用此句型，把被强调的部分后移。这种结构多用来强调主语和宾语。What I need most _ (be) your help.Itthatthatitis三、省略情况说明热身训练先练后背动词不定式的省略保留不定式符号to，省略动词，以避免重复。Would you like to come to the party? Id like_.两个(以上)不定式并列，第一个带to，后面的to省略。Her job is _ (look) after the children
7、 and teach them everyday English.toto look情况说明热身训练先练后背状语从句的省略感官动词和使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to。在被动语态中不能省略。在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果主句、从句的主语一致，从句中谓词动词又包含be或主语是it，常可以把从句中主语和谓语的一部分省略。His boss had Tom _(do) his work on Sundays.Look out for cars when _ (cross) the street. He wouldnt speak though _ (ask)do crossin
8、g asked 四、There be结构形式用法热身训练先练后背There be“某地(或某时)存在有某人(或某物)，而并非某地(某人、某物或某时)拥有什么东西”，其形式为“There be代词或名词(短语)地点/时间状语”。(其实质句式为倒装句)这里there是引导词，没有词义，be是谓语动词，代词或名词(短语)是主语。be要与主语保持人称和数的一致，如果是并列主语，要遵守邻近原则。There _ (be) a desk and two chairs in the room.We expect there _ (be) no objections.There _ (be)a railway
9、station in the town is a great advantage.isto bebeing形式用法热身训练先练后背there being主语作主语、宾语或状语。 _ is someone at the door. I think it is the man to deliver the papers. _ is a fact that our income is increasing.there to be主语作主语、宾语或状语。There is和It is的区别There is.指客观存在，It is意为“这/那是”，可用来指代前面出现过的人或物，也可用作形式主语或强调句型。
10、ThereIt五、主谓一致.谓语动词用单数应用情景热身训练先练后背(1)时间、距离、重量、价值、数目等复数名词作整体看待时Serving students _ (be) my great happiness.Whether well go _ (depend) on the weather.More than one student _ (have) passed the examination.(2)不定式、动名词、句子作主语时(3)由“s”结尾的学科名词作主语时(maths/physics/politics)(4)书、报、地名、组织以复数形式出现时(5)由and连接的并列主语表示同一概念或
11、同一人时isdependshas应用情景热身训练先练后背(6)some，any，no，every与thing，one，body等构成不定代词时Many a boy _ (learn) to swim before he can read.The number of the guests _ (be) much smaller than she had expected.(7)each/every/no/many a名词单数andeach/every/no/many a名词单数时(8)many a/more than one名词单数时(9)each/every/neither/either/th
12、e whole名词单数时(10)each/either/neither/oneof名词复数时learnswas应用情景热身训练先练后背(11)money/information/clothing/equipment/furniture/luggage/baggage等不可数名词作主语时Every boy and every girl _ (be) welcome to attend the contest.(12)主语为the number of 形式时(13)物质名词如glass/iron/paper/wood/water作主语时is.谓语动词用复数应用情景热身训练先练后背(1)the姓氏复
13、数表示一家人时Cattle _ (allow) to graze here.The police _ (be) searching for a tall man with a beard.The blind _ (teach) trades in special schools.What I think and what I seek _ (have) been fairly reflected in my paper.(2)以复数形式出现的表示群岛、山脉、瀑布等专有名词时(3)theadj.表示一类人时(the blind/deaf/poor/living/young/old/wounded
14、/rich/dead)(4)people/police/cattle/clothes/the English/the Americans/the Chinese等名词作主语时(5)由and，both.and连接的两部分名词作主语时(指同一概念除外)were/are allowed are are taught have .谓语动词与前面名词保持一致as well as/rather than/along with/together with/with/such as/like/unlike/but/except/besides/in addition to等连接两部分名词时My mother,
15、 as well as my father, _(have) a key to the office.The man together with his wife and children _ (sit) there watching TV right now.hasis sitting.谓语动词与最近的名词一致(就近一致原则) (1)or/either.or/neither.nor/not only.but also/not.but连接两部分名词时Either you or he _ (be) not telling the truth.Not only the switches but a
16、lso the old wiring _ (have) been changed.(2)there be句式/here 开头的句子ishas.视情况而定的类型应用情景热身训练先练后背(1)army/class/crew/family/team/enemy/group/party/government/audience/committee/company/crowd/staff等集合名词作主语时，指整体用单数，强调个体用复数The majority of criminals _(be) nonviolent.There _(be) plenty of eggs in the box.Half o
17、f this building _(be)to be completed by spring.What the students in earthquakestricken areas want _(be) books.(2)分数、百分数、half/all/some/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of/most of等后接名词复数时，谓语用复数；后接单数或不可数名词时；用单数谓语动词areareisare应用情景热身训练先练后背(3)what/which/who/such等作主语时，谓语动词看表语的单复数来确定All of the research w
18、ork _(be) designed by the chief engineer.None of this meat _ (be) fit to eat.Great quantities of milk _ (need) in this city.A large number of students _ (be) going to take parttime jobs during summer holidays.Twothirds of the people present _ (be) against the plan.(4)kind/sort/type of等位于名词复数前时，看of 前
19、的名词单复数判断谓语(5)one of the复数名词谓语单数one of the复数名词(后跟定语从句谓语用复数)the only one of the复数名词(后跟定语从句谓语用单数)wasisare neededarewere/are应用情景热身训练先练后背(6)population谓语的单复数由其前有无数词决定(与数词连用时用复数，无数词时用单数)Seventy percent of the earth _ (cover) with water.The population of China _(be) over 13 million and eighty percent of the
20、 population _(be) peasants.I was the only one of the teachers who _ (have) got the chance to study abroad.(7)the number of名词复数谓语单数；a number of名词复数谓语复数(8)a large quantity of不可数谓语单数/名词复数谓语复数large quantities of不可数/名词复数谓语复数a large amount of不可数谓语单数large amounts of不可数谓语复数is coveredisarehas应用情景热身训练先练后背(9)t
21、he majority/minority谓语单数或复数a majority/minority of名词复数谓语复数He is one of the men who _ (be) chosen to represent the group.Chopsticks _ (be) very common at the Chinese tables.Every means _ (have) been tried but failed.(10)none of名词复数谓语单数或复数none of不可数名词谓语单数(11)glasses/shoes/trousers/stockings/socks/gloves/chopsticks/scissors等，成双成对的名词作主语时，谓语用复数，但是有pair修饰时，由pair的单复数形式决定(12)deer/sheep/means/species/fish/works/Chinese/Japanese等，单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语看表语形式或看语境arearehas
