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1、情态动词情态动词常用的情态动词常用的情态动词can（could）may（might）shall（should）will（would）must（must）dare（dared）need（need）havetooughttobeabletousedtoThefeature（特点）（特点）ofthemodalverbs: 1. 情态动词本身有词义情态动词本身有词义, 但词义不完全但词义不完全. 2. 不能单独作谓语不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语只能和动词原形一起构成谓语. 3. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化情态动词没有人称和数的变化( 除除“have to”). 4. 没有没有不定式不定式
2、、V-ing 、V-ed 形式形式. He can/could/must/may/might/shall/ should/need/dare/dared/will/would/ought to/ used to + work in that factory.He has to go home now.He had to look after his sick mother.在情态动词的使用中在情态动词的使用中, , 我们要注意以下考点我们要注意以下考点: :1.情态动词的基本用法。情态动词的基本用法。2.情态动词情态动词+have+P.P的用法。的用法。3.情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。情态动词
3、在虚拟语气中的用法。4.情态动词的反意疑问句的用法。情态动词的反意疑问句的用法。5.情态动词特殊短语的用法。情态动词特殊短语的用法。6.情态动词表推测的用法归纳情态动词表推测的用法归纳1.表表“能力能力”Canyouliftthisheavybox?Icouldntunderstandwhathesaidatall.注意：注意：be able to 表示经过一番努力后,成功完成成功完成某一具体事情时，用某一具体事情时，用was/wereableto.且有多种时态. Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_getoutA.hadtoB
4、.wouldC.couldD.wasabletocan ,could的用法的用法2.表“请求请求,许可许可”could用来表示请求的时候比用来表示请求的时候比can更委婉更委婉HesaidIcouldborrowhisbike.CouldIuseyourbike? CouldIborrowyourdictionary?Yes,ofcourseyou_A.mightB.willC.canD.should3.表“可能性可能性”can ,could用在用在疑问句疑问句中表推测中表推测,表示可能性表示可能性Whatonearthcanthismean?can ,could用在用在否定句否定句中表推测，
5、翻译成中表推测，翻译成“不不可能可能 ”Wethoughtthestorycouldntbetrue.vcan ,could 用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，“有时候可能”vAs a human being, anyone can make a mistake.vIt is usually warm in Chengdu in March, but it _ be rather cold sometimes.vA. can B. must vC. would D. should 1.Mary_beinParis， ，forIsawherinthetownonlyafewminutesago A
6、 mustntB cantC shouldntD maynot2.MyMP4playerisntinmybag.Where_Ihaveputit?A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would1.表表“询问询问”(might比用比用may更客气更客气.) MayI?(=CanI?)MightI?(=CouldI?)MayIborrowyourbook?may与与might用法用法MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?_.A.No,youneedntB.Not,please.C.No,youmustntD.No,youwont注意：注意：mayI?的答语的答语.肯定肯定:Y
7、es,youmay.否定否定:No,youmustnt(语气强硬语气强硬)No,youmaynot.或或No,youdbetternot.2.表表“许可许可”YoumaytaketheboythereHesaidthatImightusehistelephone.MightIwatchTVaftersupper?Yes,you_.A.mayB.mustC.mightD.could3.表表推测推测，表示主观上的推测，表示主观上的推测，“可能，可能，也许也许”，不用于疑问句不用于疑问句,可能性小。可能性小。might比比may的可能性更小的可能性更小Shemaynotlikethisplace.I
8、mafraidhemightnotlikethisplace.Petercomewithustonight， ，butheisntverysureyet A mustB mayC canD will1.must 表示主观上的表示主观上的必须必须，应该应该，没有时态，没有时态变化。变化。 You must do everything as I do.注意注意:MustIfinishmyhomeworktoday?Yes,youmust.No,youneednt./No,youdonthaveto.must 的用法的用法“必须必须、不得不不得不”must表示的是说话人的主观看法。表示的是说话人的主
9、观看法。 have to 表示的是客观需要。（表示的是客观需要。（是由于某种外界是由于某种外界（客观）原因而（客观）原因而“必须必须”，“不得不不得不”做某事，做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须必须”做。）做。）have to的否定形式表示的否定形式表示不必不必。have to可用于可用于多种时态中。多种时态中。 You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.I have to be at my office every evening.1.Incrowdedplaceslikeairp
10、ortsandrailwaystations,you_takecareofyourluggage.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will2.Musthecometosignthispaperhimself?Yes,he_.A.needB.mustC.mayD.will3.Someaspectsofapilotsjob_beboring,andpilotsoften_workatinconvenienthours.A.can;havetoB.may;canC.haveto;mayD.oughtto;must2. must表示肯定的推测。表示肯定的推测。 The light is still
11、 on, so he must be at home.Look at his new car. He _ have a lot of money.A. should B. shall C. may D. must3.must表示表示“一定要一定要”、“坚持坚持”“偏要偏要”、“偏偏偏偏”。表。表示与说话人的愿望相反示与说话人的愿望相反. Ifyoumustgo，atleastwaittillthestormisoverMustyoumakesomuchnoise？你偏要弄出那么？你偏要弄出那么多噪音？多噪音？MayIsmokehere?Ifyou_,chooseaseatinthesmokin
12、gsection.A.shouldB.couldC.mayD.must4. mustnt 表示表示禁止禁止做某事。做某事。 You mustnt smoke in the office.WhenIwasyoung,IwastoldthatI_playwithmatches.A.wouldntB.needntC.mustntD.darentshall作作助动词助动词，用于第一人称，表示将来，用于第一人称，表示将来，should是是shall的过去式的过去式WeshallstartforBeijingtomorrow.shall作作情态动词情态动词1：用于用于第一人称第一人称和和第三人称疑问句中第
13、三人称疑问句中，表，表示征求对方意见或请求指示示征求对方意见或请求指示Shallwebeginourlesson?ShallI/shesithere?shall与与should用法用法-Sir,_hegoorstay?-Lethimgo.A.willB.shallC.mightD.could2:shall用于用于第二、三人称陈述句中，第二、三人称陈述句中，表示表示允诺、允诺、警告、威胁、命令、决心警告、威胁、命令、决心等。等。Youwantedjustice,soyoushallgetjustice,morethanyouwanted.Youshallhaveanicepresentforyo
14、urbirthday.Youshallbesorryforwhatyouhavedone. Whenhecomesinnobodyshallsayaword.Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingoutthisplan.(允诺允诺)(允诺允诺)(警告警告)(命令命令)(决心决心)1.Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.You_havemycomputerifyoudonttakecareofit.A.shantB.mightnotC.needntD.shouldnt3).shall用于用于条约，规定，规章条约，规
15、定，规章等文件等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称陈中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称陈述句中。述句中。“Theinterest_bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall1.should=oughtto表示劝告，建议，意表示劝告，建议，意为为“应该应该”，A:Illstarttheworktomorrow.B:Ithinkyoushouldstarttoday.C:No,yououghttostartatonce.(语气更强
16、）语气更强）should/oughtto的否定形式表示的否定形式表示“不应该不应该”Childrenshouldntsmoke.WhattimeoughtI_?AarrivedBarrivingCarriveDtoarriveHe_speaktohismotherlikethat.AoughtnottoBdoesntoughttoCnotoughttoDoughttonot2.should可表示说话人的感情如可表示说话人的感情如“惊奇惊奇”“愤怒愤怒”“失望失望”“不满不满”等等.翻译为翻译为“竟然，居竟然，居然然”Idontbelievethatthelittlegirlshouldspea
17、ktwodifferentlanguages!我不相信这个小女孩竟然能说两种不同的语言！我不相信这个小女孩竟然能说两种不同的语言！Icantbelievemyeyes.Suchwell-educatedgentleman_behavelikethis!A.wouldB.shouldC.canD.must3.should表表推测推测,意为意为“可能；该可能；该”,相当于相当于beexpectedto。往往。往往根据经验或惯例对某一根据经验或惯例对某一情况进行推测，情况进行推测，“按道理应该按道理应该”1.WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafte
18、rnoon.They_bereadyby12： ：00 A canB shouldC mightD need2.Itsnearlysevenoclock Jack_behereatanymoment A mustB needC shouldD can1.will作情态动词用时在陈述句中可作情态动词用时在陈述句中可用各人称作主语用各人称作主语,表示其表示其“意志意志”“意意愿愿”“决心决心”等等.Iwillneverdothatagain.Iwillgiveupsmoking.will 和和would 的用法的用法2.will在疑问句中用第二人称作主语在疑问句中用第二人称作主语,表表示说话人向对
19、方示说话人向对方提出请示或询问提出请示或询问.不如不如would委婉委婉Will/Wouldyoupassmethebook?Willhepayforme?Wouldyouliketocomewithus?3.will有时表示一种状态，主语所具有的一种有时表示一种状态，主语所具有的一种属性。属性。“能，行能，行”Thedoor_open.这门打不开。这门打不开。wont3.would还可以表示过去习惯发生的动作还可以表示过去习惯发生的动作.Heusedtotakeawalkneartheforestintheevening.（现在可能散步也可能不散步了）现在可能散步也可能不散步了）usedto
20、表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。但现在已不复存在了。 Hewouldtakeawalkneartheforestintheevening. （而现在不散步了）而现在不散步了）Ronald_stayinhissmallgardenforalongtimeeverydayinthepast.A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.would注意对注意对need问句的回答问句的回答:-NeedIfinishtheworktoday?-Yes,_.No,_.No,_.youmustyouneedntyoudonthavetoneedn
21、t对其它情态动词的回答对其它情态动词的回答:-ShallItellJohnaboutit?-No,you_.-Mustwedoitnow?-No,you_.neednt(donthaveto)neednt(donthaveto)1.must+have+过去分词，表示现在对过去分词，表示现在对过去过去事事物的推测。物的推测。否定式为：否定式为：cant/couldnt/+have done情态动词情态动词+have+P.P.Hemusthavetoldmyparentsaboutit.他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。Itssixoclockalready,wemu
22、sthavebeenlateagain.已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了n2.Can/could have done 1.本来能够做但事实上没有做（肯定句）本来能够做但事实上没有做（肯定句） 2.过去可能会做（否定句或疑问句）过去可能会做（否定句或疑问句）ncant/couldnt+have+P.P表示对表示对过去过去某某事的事的否定否定猜测猜测nHe couldnt have been to that town.3.may(might)+have+P.P,表示对表示对过去过去事事情的猜测情的猜测,认为某事认为某事“可能可能”发生发生.一般只一般只用于肯定句或否定句
23、中（在否定句中表用于肯定句或否定句中（在否定句中表示示“可能不可能不”)(might比比may更含蓄或更更含蓄或更不肯定不肯定.)Hemay(might)haveplayedelectricgameonTVthewholenight.(Forhelooksverysleepy.)4.should/oughtto+have+P.P.过去过去本该做，而事实上却没有做本该做，而事实上却没有做，表，表“责备责备”或或“惋惜惋惜” shouldnot/oughtnotto+have+P.P. 过去本过去本不该做，而事实上却做了不该做，而事实上却做了，表，表“责备责备”或或“惋惜惋惜”Theplantis
24、dead.Ishouldhavegivenitmorewater.Youshouldnothaveleftyourbabyaloneinthehouse.5.neednt+have+P.P.表示表示本来不本来不必做，但做了必做，但做了.Sheneednothaveattendedthemeetingyesterday,butshedid.(她昨天本不必参加会议，可她参加了她昨天本不必参加会议，可她参加了.)n6. had better (not) have done n当时最好（没）做了某事当时最好（没）做了某事nYou had better not have scolded her.n7.w
25、ould rather (not) have donen宁愿当时（没）做了某事宁愿当时（没）做了某事nI raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that.n8.would like/love to have donen过去愿意做但未做成过去愿意做但未做成nI would love to have gone to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.n昨晚我本来很想去参加聚会的，但我得昨晚
26、我本来很想去参加聚会的，但我得加班完成一个报告。加班完成一个报告。1.Theriverisrising.It_lastnight.A.mustberainingB.mustrainC.mighthaverainedD.musthaverained3.-WedidntseeTomatthemeetingyesterday.-Heit.A.mustnthaveattendedB.cannothaveattendedC.neednthaveattendedD.wouldhavenotattended4.-Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanage
27、dtotakemeaswell.-It_acomfortablejourneyA.cantbeB.shouldntbeC.mustnthavebeenD.couldnthavebeen5.Youyesterdayifyouwerereallyseriousaboutyourwork.A.oughttocomeB.oughttobecomingC.oughttohavecomeD.oughthavecome6.You_alltheseparcelsyourself.Theshopwouldhavedeliveredthemifyouhadaskedashopassistant.A.didntne
28、edtocarryB.neednthavecarriedC.needntcarryD.didntneedcarry7.Mr.White_at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidntshowup.A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can Children under 12 years of ag
29、e in that country_ be under adult supervision when in a public library. A. must B. may C. can D. need -I dont mind telling you what I know. -You _. Im not asking you for it. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt -Excuse me. Is that the right way to the Summer Palace? -Sorry, Im not sure, but it _ b
30、e. A. might B. will C. must D. can You _ be tired-youve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not -Who is the girl standing over there? - Well, if you _ know, her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying
31、 himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant 情态动词短语的使用情态动词短语的使用:wouldliketodowouldratherdowouldrather+从句从句wouldprefertodo.hadbetterdo.情态动词特殊短语用法情态动词特殊短语用法can和和could的一些固定搭配的一些固定搭配1.cant/couldnthelpdoing 忍不住；不禁忍不住；不禁 He cant help laughing.2.cant/couldntbut+动词原形动词原形只好只好 ；不得不；不得不I could
32、nt but admit that he was right and I was wrong.我不得不承认他对了，我错了。3.cannot/couldnttoo+副词副词/形容词形容词;cannot/couldnt+副词副词/形容词形容词+enough无论无论也不过分；也不过分；越越越好越好Youcantbetoocarefulwhencrossingthestreet.Icannotthankyouenough.我对你感激不尽。我对你感激不尽。 may和和might的某些固定搭配的某些固定搭配1.maywell+动词原形动词原形理应理应 ；有足够的理由；有足够的理由Wemaywellsays
33、heisagoodteacher.我们大可说她是一位优秀的老师。我们大可说她是一位优秀的老师。2.may/mightaswell+动词原形动词原形不妨不妨 ；还不如；还不如Youneverlisten-Imightaswelltalktoabrickwall.你从来不听我的话，我还不如对着一堵墙说话。你从来不听我的话，我还不如对着一堵墙说话。3.maybut或许会或许会但是但是 Shemaybebeautiful,butsheiscool.她也许算的上美丽，但太冷漠了。她也许算的上美丽，但太冷漠了。情态动词的情态动词的反义疑问句反义疑问句haveto用于反意问句用于反意问句Youwonthav
34、etoworryaboutrankorspy,willyou?Hehadtowaitforthenextbus,didnthe?Hermotherisill.Shehastoleavehere,doesntshe?带带must句子的反意问句句子的反意问句Hemustdoitalloveragain,mustnthe? (必须)Wemustfinishtheworkinanhour,needntwe?(必要)Youmustntwalkongrass,mustyou?(禁止)You must be hungry now, _?= Im sure you are hungry now.He must
35、 be watching TV now, _?= Im sure he is watching TV now.Tom must have lived here for a long time, _?= Im sure Tom has lived here for a long time.She must have arrived yesterday, _?= Im sure she arrived yesterday.陈述部分的must表示“一定”,“想必”等推测意义时,要根据陈述部分的不定式结构, 在附加疑问部分采用与其相适应的主动词或助动词形式.arent youisnt hehasnt
36、hedidnt she1.Jennymusthavewonthematch,_?A.hasntsheB.doesntsheC.mustntsheD.cantshe2.Youmusthaveseenthefilmlastnight,_you?A.haventB.mustntC.didntD.hadnt3.Mr.Zhoumustbeworkingintheoffice,_he?A.mustntB.cantC.doesntD.isnt情态动词表情态动词表推测归纳推测归纳表示推测表示推测情态动词的重要用法情态动词的重要用法肯定的推测肯定的推测可能的推测可能的推测否定的推测否定的推测疑问的推测疑问的推测must 对将来对将来对现在对现在对过去对过去情态动词情态动词may,mightcould,cancant,couldntcan,could+V.+V.+havedone常见常见mustbe+bedoing+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing
