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1、组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分：1. 主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人” ， “ 什么事”.通常由名词,代词,动词不定式,动名词来充当.1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.主谓宾 定状补表2.谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.1.they 1.they workwork very hard. ve
2、ry hard.2.Tom 2.Tom feelsfeels much better now. much better now. ( (系动词系动词: :表示状态表示状态, ,后面往往接形容词后面往往接形容词 seem get is am are sound smell look become)seem get is am are sound smell look become)情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They They can speakcan speak English well. English well.They They are play
3、ingare playing over there. over there.3. 表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态. My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful . To see is to believe . 3.宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在及物动词或介词后面.由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词和宾语从句构成.1.We study English. 2.I saw him yesterday.3.He wanted to have a pen
4、. 4.She likes playing basketball.5.Our teacher said that he would go there.双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.4.定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词.形容词,形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语,不定代词等. This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in fr
5、ont of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.5.状语:说明动作或状态特征用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子.副词,介词短语,动词不定式,以及 after, when, as soon as , until, if, before等引起的从句.You are quite right.They often draw in the park. We came here in order to learn English.If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.6. 宾补：补充
6、说明宾语。(宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）宾语+ 宾补叫复合宾语，复合宾语有以下几种类型： 1 名词（代词）+ 不定式 2 名词（代词）+ 分 词 3 名词（代词）+ 名 词 4 名词 （代词）+ 形容词 1 名词（代词）+ 不定式John asked me to help him. Let him go home. I saw her come out of the room. 名词（代词）+ 分词 （现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）I found him standing at the gate .She could feel her heart beating violently
7、.He spoke slowly in order to make himself understood.He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard. 名词（代词）+ 名词（作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.)They appointed her head of the English Department.They made him captain of the ship .名词（代词）+ 形容词 We must keep the room clean. We found her busy. I found the story inte
8、resting.简单句的五种基本句型1 主语+谓语（不及物动词）（S+Vi型）He came.She dances.2 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(S+Vt+O)I saw her.They like watching TV. 3 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+IO+DO) (IO indirect) I gave her a book. She showed her friends all the pictures.4 主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P) I am a student. She looks very young.5 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S+Vt+O+OC) I asked Mary to help me.We call our headmaster a wise man.
