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1、第四章第四章第四章第四章 主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致考点一：就近原考点一：就近原则考点二：主考点二：主谓意意义一致原一致原则考点三：主考点三：主谓语法一致原法一致原则主谓一致：英语语法要求句子的谓语在人称和数方面必须与主语保持一致,简称主谓一致。考点一：就近原则考点一：就近原则 在在“either or ”（或者（或者或者或者），），“neither nor ”（既不（既不也不也不），），“not only but also ”（不（不仅而且而且）和和there be句型中，句型中，谓语采用就近原采用就近原则，即，即谓语动词的形式与它的形式与它邻近的名近的名词保持一致。保持一致。如：Ne
2、ither my classmates nor I am going to the evening party. There is going to be a football match and two basketball matches in our school tomorrow.即学即练即学即练用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Neither the students nor the teacher _ (be) in the classroom now.2. Not only he but also I _ (be) from Canada. We are also Canad
3、ians.3. Either the teacher or the students _ (see) the film before.4. There _ (be) an English teacher and thirty-five students in the classroom.5. There _ (be) thirty-five students and an English teacher in the classroom.考点考点一：就近原则一：就近原则isamhave seenisare考点二：主谓意义一致原则考点二：主谓意义一致原则1. 不定代不定代词 something，
4、anything，nothing，everything，somebody，anybody， nobody，everybody，someone，anyone，no one，everyone作主作主语时，谓语动词用用单数形式。数形式。 如：No one wants to read such books.2. 表示表示时间、距离、价格、重量、数目、数学、距离、价格、重量、数目、数学运算等的运算等的词或短或短语作主作主语时，表示整体概念，表示整体概念，谓语动词用用单数形式。数形式。3. “分数分数 / 百分数百分数 + of + 名词名词”，谓语动词的单复，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于数形式取决于of后
5、面的名词后面的名词。 如：70% of the land is covered by water.4. “each / every + 名词名词”，“none，either，neither of + 名词名词”或或“none，either，neither，another”等词作主语时等词作主语时，谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数形式形式。”all / some / most of+名词名词“作主语作主语时时，动词的单复数形式取决于后面的名词动词的单复数形式取决于后面的名词。考点二：主谓意义一致原则考点二：主谓意义一致原则5. people，police，clothes（衣服），（衣服），cattl
6、e（牲畜）（牲畜），goods（货物），（货物），arms（武器）等集体名词（武器）等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The police are searching for the suspect.6. family，class，group，team等集体名词作主语等集体名词作主语时，如侧重整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如侧时，如侧重整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如侧重成员，谓语动词用复数形式。重成员，谓语动词用复数形式。如：My family has four people. My family are watching TV. 7. furniture（家
7、具），（家具），clothing（衣服）等总称名（衣服）等总称名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。考点二：主谓意义一致原则考点二：主谓意义一致原则考点二：主谓意义一致原则考点二：主谓意义一致原则即学即即学即即学即即学即练练用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Listen! Somebody _ (follow) us.2.Nobody _ (be) late for school yesterday.3.Everyone in their class _ (like) playing basketball.4.There _ (be) something wron
8、g with my computer.5.Two months _ (be) a long time.6.Twenty pounds _ (be) not so heavy.is followingwasisisisis考点二：主谓意义一致原则考点二：主谓意义一致原则即学即即学即即学即即学即练练7.Ten miles _ (be) a long distance for the old man.8. Eleven minus four _ (equal） seven.9. Two thirds of the students in our class _ (have) already join
9、ed the League.10. Two thirds of the water _ ( have) been polluted in this river.11. One of the best students _ (be) Tom.12. Every / Each student _ (be) in class now.isequalshavehasisis考点二：主谓意义一致原则考点二：主谓意义一致原则即学即即学即即学即即学即练练13. Each of the students _ (be) in class now.14. Most of us _ (like) watching
10、basketball matches. 15. Either of us _ (have) ever been to Beijing.16. Neither of the two brothers _ (live) with their parents.17. Each of them _ (have) an English dictionary.ishaslikehaslives考点二：主谓意义一致原则考点二：主谓意义一致原则即学即即学即即学即即学即练练18. All of the students _ (be) present at the meeting yesterday.19. Th
11、e police _ (help) a little girl look for his father now.20. Class Five _ (be) on the second floor of that building.21.His family _ (be) all teachers,and they are in the same school.22.His family _ (be) a big family.23.A lot of new furniture in their shop _ (have) already been sold out.wereare helpin
12、gisareishas考点三：主谓语法一致原则考点三：主谓语法一致原则1. 当当单个不定式或个不定式或动名名词作主作主语时，谓语动词用用单数形式。数形式。 当两个或两个以上的不定式或当两个或两个以上的不定式或动名名词短短语并并列作主列作主语时，如果是两种不同的事物，如果是两种不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式，但如果属于同一概念用复数形式，但如果属于同一概念,谓语动词仍用仍用单数形式。数形式。 如：Swimming does good to our body. To lie is wrong. Watching TV and reading books are really interesting
13、. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 考点三：主谓语法一致原则考点三：主谓语法一致原则2. 当主当主语后出后出现with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like，including，rather than（而不是）等介（而不是）等介词或或介介词短短语时，采用就，采用就远原原则，即，即谓语动词的的单复数形式由前面主复数形式由前面主语的的单复数决定。复数决定。 如：Tom as well as his parents is against
14、the advice. 考点三：主谓语法一致原则考点三：主谓语法一致原则3. trousers（裤子），子），shoes（鞋子），（鞋子），glasses（眼（眼镜），），scissors（剪刀）等表示复数意（剪刀）等表示复数意义的的词作主作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。用复数形式。前面有前面有a / this / that pair（双，副）（双，副）/ sort / kind / type（种（种类）of 时，谓语动词用用单数形式。前数形式。前面有面有two / these / those pairs（双，副）（双，副）/ sorts / kinds / types（种（种类）of 时，谓语
15、动词用复数用复数形式。形式。 如：His shoes are the same as his brothers. This pair of glasses fits him well. 考点三：主谓语法一致原则考点三：主谓语法一致原则4. 一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时，谓语动词一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时，谓语动词单复数的使用视所接名词而定，如下表所示：单复数的使用视所接名词而定，如下表所示：短语短语汉语意思汉语意思所接名词所接名词谓语动词谓语动词a number of一些复数名词复数the number of的数量复数名词单数an amount of大量不可数名词单数the amount
16、 of的数量不可数名词单数考点三：主谓语法一致原则考点三：主谓语法一致原则4. 一些表示数量的短一些表示数量的短语与名与名词连用用时，谓语动词单复数的使用复数的使用视所接名所接名词而定。而定。 如：A large number of people were present. The number of companies has decreased from 198 to 96. A large amount of money was spent on the bridge5. news，Maths，physics，politics等以等以s结尾表尾表示示单数的名数的名词作主作主语时，谓语动词
17、用用单数形式。数形式。考点三：主谓语法一致原则考点三：主谓语法一致原则即学即即学即即学即即学即练练用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。1. To see _ (be) to believe. 2. Doing physical exercises every day _ (be) good for our health.3. Ben with her parents _ (be) in China since three years ago.4. Everyone except Tom and John _ (be) there when the meeting began.5. Tom, lik
18、e his father, _ (enjoy) playing football very much.6. His trousers _ (be) white.isishas beenwasenjoysare考点三：主谓语法一致原则考点三：主谓语法一致原则即学即即学即即学即即学即练练7. This pair of his trousers _ (be) white.8. A number of boy students _ (be) football fans.9. The number of boy students _ (be) 40 in our class. 10. A large amount of waste water _ (be) poured into the river every day. It is so serious that we must do something to stop it.11. No news _ (be) good news.12. Physics _ (be) my favourite subject.areisisisisis
