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1、英语十大词类英语十大词类词类名称名称句法作用句法作用词形形变化化实词名名词Noun(n.)表示人或事物的表示人或事物的名称名称1.有有单数名数名词和复数名和复数名词、不可数名、不可数名词和可数名和可数名词之分。之分。2.复数名复数名词变化形式多化形式多样；3.另有少数另有少数单、复数形式相同或、复数形式相同或变形形较特特殊的名殊的名词。4.有所有格形式有所有格形式“s”.代代词Pronoun(prop.)代替名代替名词，形容，形容词，数，数词等等代代词分分为：人称、物主、反身、相互、指：人称、物主、反身、相互、指示、疑示、疑问、连接、不定、关系代接、不定、关系代词九大九大类。数数词Numera
2、l(num.)表示数目和表示数目和顺序序绝大多数序数大多数序数词由基数由基数词加加the构成。构成。动词Verb(v.)表示表示动作或状作或状态一般有原形、一般有原形、过去式、去式、过去分去分词、不定式、不定式、ving式（式（动名名词和和现在分在分词）等形式。）等形式。形容形容词Adjective(adj.)修修饰名名词，表示，表示人或事物的性人或事物的性质和特征和特征1.有原有原级，比，比较级，最高，最高级的的词形形变化。化。2.有有10来个形容来个形容词和副和副词的的变形形较特殊。特殊。副副词Adverb(adv.)用来修用来修饰动词，形容形容词或副或副词有比有比较级和最高和最高级的的词
3、形形变化。化。虚虚词冠冠词Article(art.)表示事物的表示事物的泛指或特泛指或特指，限制指，限制名名词的意的意义a在元音开在元音开头的的词前前时改改为an,“只看音素只看音素（标），不看字母），不看字母”。介介词Preposition(prep.)表示名表示名词或或代代词和其他和其他词的关系的关系主要与名主要与名词类词语构成介构成介词词组；与名；与名词、形容、形容词、动词构成千千万万的构成千千万万的惯用搭配用搭配和灵活搭配。和灵活搭配。连词Conjunction(conj.)连接接词与与词、短短语与短与短语、句和句、句和句无无感感叹词Interjection(interj.)表示表示说
4、话的的感情和感情和语气气无无 短文改错短文改错解题技巧解题技巧Whats the main trouble when correcting a composition?1.看不出句看不出句子是否有子是否有错。错。2.看出句子出错的地方看出句子出错的地方,但无法改正。但无法改正。3.知道改正句子错误的地方知道改正句子错误的地方,但答案不正确。但答案不正确。Anyrules？Anyskills？Howtocorrect？1.浏览全文，掌握大意。浏览全文，掌握大意。Gothroughthewholepassagetogetageneralidea.2.分句阅读，逐行找错。分句阅读，逐行找错。Read
5、thepassagesentencebysentenceandfindthemistakes.3.检查核对，攻克难点检查核对，攻克难点Readthepassageforthethirdtime,checktheanswersandcorrectthedifficultones.4.规范答题，不超十个。规范答题，不超十个。2006-2010高考高考短文改错错题考点分布统计表短文改错错题考点分布统计表动词动词名名词词冠冠词词形副形副词词代代词词连连词词介介词词时态时态非谓语非谓语200612012111200710112112200812111102200912111012201021211101
6、项目项目年份年份测试点分布测试点分布词法词法句法句法行文逻辑行文逻辑1、名词、名词2、动词、动词3、代词、代词4、冠词冠词5、介词、介词6、形容词、副词、形容词、副词动词动词形形，名词名词数数还要注意还要注意形形和和副副代词代词格格，细领悟，细领悟介词短语介词短语须关注须关注冠词连词冠词连词常光顾常光顾短文改错口诀：短文改错口诀：非谓语非谓语，细辨，细辨别别句子成分句子成分多分析多分析习惯逻辑习惯逻辑要记住要记住句法句法行文逻辑行文逻辑请先念一遍请先念一遍咒语吧咒语吧一、动词一、动词形形 1.1.动词的动词的时态时态和和语态语态错误错误. . 高考链接高考链接1：However,myfathe
7、rhadtoreturntoworkonMondaysoweflybacklastSaturday.(2011全国）全国）flewGrowingupisnoteasy.Sometimesallthatisneedissomeonetorelyon.（2008全国）全国）needed 2.主、谓不一致主、谓不一致的错误的错误.高考链接高考链接: :Istayedthereforoneandahalfhoursandmadesurethatthegirlwereallright.(2009全国卷全国卷2)wasGoodnightandremember,you,deardiary,ismyonlys
8、ouvenirfrommypastlifeandmyonlyfriend.(2013浙江浙江)are3. 3. 非谓语动词非谓语动词 错误错误高考链接高考链接: :IwasattheShanghaiRailwayStationbuyatickettoHangzhou.（2011新课标全国卷）新课标全国卷）buyingIwasreallydisappointingandabouttoleavewhenhewalkedoutofabuilding.(2011陕西卷陕西卷)disappointedSolution(1)通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主旋律主旋律.(2) 结合
9、语境，灵活运用时态形式结合语境，灵活运用时态形式.(2)仔细审查，主语管制仔细审查，主语管制.(3)认真推敲，准确认真推敲，准确把握谓语与非谓把握谓语与非谓语语.(4) 格外审视，主动语态与被动语态的格外审视，主动语态与被动语态的混用，尤其被动语态中分词的词形混用，尤其被动语态中分词的词形.5.Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,whichwillnotbeserveddrunklikesexcitingHaving1.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherlikethefi
10、lm.2.Whentheycamehere,Iwillshowthem.3.TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.4.Ifoundthegameexcitedandmydadexplainedtherules.practicepracticecome_二、名词二、名词数数 指指名词单、名词单、复数形式复数形式及可数名词与不及可数名词与不可数名词可数名词的用法错误的用法错误。高考链接高考链接2：It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.（2011新课标全国卷）新课标
11、全国卷）luggage In early January this year, the rate of UFO reports was steady, around three per weeks.(2011辽宁卷）辽宁卷）week Its a shame to break your words. You should mean what you say.word1.理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联系。系。2.记清一记清一些固些固定词组中名词的特殊用法定词组中名词的特殊用法。3.根据语境辨别名词单复数根据语境辨别名词单复数Solutionchange/cha
12、nges,word/words,experience/experiences,1.Dontlosehearts,youllbesuccessfulintime.2.Ineedsomemoreinformations.3.Thesemachineslookthesame,buttheyareofdifferentkind.4.TherearetwogirlsfrommycoursehereandIplantomakefriendwiththem.heartinformationkindspracticepractice绝不可数绝不可数名词名词progress,furniture,weather,
13、fun,news,information,adviceequpmentfriends三、还要注意形和副三、还要注意形和副 形容词和副词的误用形容词和副词的误用高考链接高考链接3：Whenshedroppedmeoff,Ipulledoutthetoyslowandgaveitback.（2011浙江卷）浙江卷）slowlyIgottothefinishinglinefirst.Iwontherace.Ifeltveryproudlyofmyself.(2007浙江浙江)proudHehasacomfortableroom,patientlynurses,andagreatdealoftimet
14、oread.(2009陕西陕西卷卷)patient. 解题策略解题策略(1)熟知形容词和副词的句法功能熟知形容词和副词的句法功能.(2)理清短文中形容词和副词比较理清短文中形容词和副词比较等等级的关系级的关系.(3)结合短文内容，准确使用形容词和副结合短文内容，准确使用形容词和副词词.修饰修饰名词名词、bebe动词、动词、系动词系动词要用要用形容词形容词；修饰修饰动词动词、形容词、整个句子、形容词、整个句子用用副词；副词；Thedoctorsaysheisrecoveringfastthanexpected.(2009陕西）陕西）faster2 2Adj./advAdj./adv级的混用或误用
15、级的混用或误用. .1.Heaskedangryifwehadfinishedthework.2.Yes,itisclearlythatyourlifeinyourcountryisquitedifferentfrommine. 3.Hisfatherlooksmuchmorehappiertoday.angrilyclear4.SoIgratefulacceptedtheoffer.gratefullypracticepractice四、非谓语，细辨别四、非谓语，细辨别高考链接高考链接4：2007浙江卷：浙江卷：Icouldnottorunveryfastandfellbehind.2007
16、宁夏卷：宁夏卷：LiMengcameseemeeveryday.to这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现现在分词、过去分词，动名词在分词、过去分词，动名词和和不定式不定式错误。错误。SoIhelpedthemgoingtothenearesthospital.(2009全国卷全国卷2)goMyclassmate,Joseph,isatpresentinhospitalwithabreakingleg.(2009陕西卷陕西卷)broken(1)纵观全文或全句，明确句中纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词所动词所作的作的句子成分句子成分.(2)系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能
17、系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能.(3)前后联系，整体把握前后联系，整体把握.解题策略解题策略Note:(1)谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用.(2)非谓语动词之间的混用非谓语动词之间的混用.(3)在并列结构在并列结构中谓语与非中谓语与非谓语动词的误谓语动词的误用用.1)MyparentswilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.to2)Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.talking3)SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwasle
18、arningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish.visited4)Somestudentsmayalsotosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.practice5)Imwritingtoinviteyoutovisitchinaandspendingthesummervacationwithme.spend五、代词五、代词格，格，细领悟细领悟3. it3. it作形主、形宾或指代时有缺漏作形主、形宾或指代时有缺漏 (make,find,think) 高考链接高考链接5：1.WiththehelpofKatia,aroommateofme(20
19、11重庆卷）重庆卷）mine2.ItwasonlywhenwedidtheirchemistryprojecttogetherthatIbegintounderstand(2010辽宁卷）辽宁卷）3.Hefounddifficulttolearnmathwell.ourit1. 1. 人称代词，物主代词人称代词，物主代词, ,反身代词的使用反身代词的使用2. 2. 代词指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误代词指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误. .4.Afterthinkingforsometime,Ilethercopymyanswers.Butafterthetest,allofuswerecall
20、edtotheteachersoffice.both4.both,all,either,neither,none的使用的使用.解题策略解题策略(1)顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代指代关系，注意联系上下文。关系，注意联系上下文。(2)系统掌握系统掌握it的各种用法的各种用法 . (3)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使使用用。 2.IwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.3.IalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish.4.Oned
21、ayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher. myselfeverythingit1.Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.theirpracticepractice主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭多词、少词和搭配错误。配错误。inSundayafternooncatchasightoflosemyheartinhurryaon六、介词短语需关注六、介词短语需关注 1 1. .主要考查主要考查固定短
22、语，固定介词固定短语，固定介词的搭配。的搭配。高考链接高考链接6：TherewasoneonparticularIdreallywanted.(2011浙江卷浙江卷)2.2.不定式后的动词短语中介词不能省不定式后的动词短语中介词不能省3 3.时间状语前有指示代词时间状语前有指示代词this, thatthis, that或或one, one, next,lastnext,last等修饰时不用介词等修饰时不用介词. . inHehadonlyasmallcoldroomtolive.inHepaidavisittohisgrandfatheronthatafternoon.Solution:平平
23、时的学习中注意积累语言知识，特别是时的学习中注意积累语言知识，特别是一些固定搭配的记忆一些固定搭配的记忆.practicepractice1.Imsuretheywilllaughtomeandseemeas2.afool.2.Atlastwereachedtothevillageatthefootofthehill.3.Whenayoungmanstartstoearnhisownliving,hecannolongerexpectotherstopayhisfood.4.Thegentlemaninsistedatmyreceivingthemoney.atforon连词连词butbut，
24、andand，oror, , soso和和althoughalthough的的逻辑性用法错误逻辑性用法错误高考链接高考链接7：七七、冠词、连词冠词、连词常光顾常光顾Hewasrighthereinthefrontofme. (2011陕西卷）陕西卷）Iboughtmyticketbutturnedaroundtopickupmybagfromthefloor.(2011新课标卷）新课标卷）. . 冠词冠词a,ana,an和和thethe的用法错误的用法错误and错用错用and与与but，勿连勿连so与与bucause，Although不与不与but连连，肯是肯是and，否是否是or。2007浙
25、江卷：浙江卷：TodayIwashavingaPElessonwhileIfelldownandhurtmyfoot.2007四川卷：四川卷：Hethoughtthepooranimalwasinjured,butthekindfarmertookoffhisjacketandputontheanimal.whenand / so 八、句子成分八、句子成分多分析多分析，习惯逻辑习惯逻辑要记住要记住1.Icameintothelivingroomandsawoneofthemjustgothroughthekitchendoorbutturnonthelight.2.Hewillstayther
26、eoneandtwodays.3.EverykindoftheChinesefoodisworthtrying.4.Thedriverputthewindowdownandofferedusaumbrella.andoran再叮嘱几句：再叮嘱几句：1.单词拼写不改单词拼写不改.2.大小写不改大小写不改.3.词序不改词序不改.4.标点符号不改标点符号不改.四不改原则四不改原则 My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m.and ends at 3:30 p.m.They are three lessons in the morning and two in the af
27、ternoon.We didnt need to do so many homework.Therefore,we have more time with after-school activities.For example,we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day. Theredonthoursformuch My dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.We can lie on the grass for a rest,or sat by the lake listening music.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.They are not only our teachers but also our friends.lookssithelpfultoGood luck in your coming exam!
