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1、词类词类I wish you .Im sure well .It was a party.We crossed the river.success succeedsuccessfulsuccessfully必须弄清每一个词的词类，必须弄清每一个词的词类， 要从要从头树立词类概念。头树立词类概念。句子成分和结构词类词类(parts of speech)词类 英语名称作 用例 词名词形容词数词表示人和事物的名称表示人和事物的名称人和事物的特征人和事物的特征表示数目和顺序表示数目和顺序book gunbrave bignine third n.a. , adj.num.代词动词副词代替名称代替名称
2、动词等动词等表示动作和状态表示动作和状态动作特征或性状特征动作特征或性状特征pron.v.adv.they manyfight knowbravely very实义词实义词句子成分和结构词类词类英语英语名称名称 作作 用用例例 词词冠词冠词介词介词连词连词感叹词感叹词art.prep.conj.interj.用在名称前，帮助说明用在名称前，帮助说明其意义其意义在名称，代词前，说明在名称，代词前，说明它与别的词之间的关系它与别的词之间的关系用来连接词与词或句与用来连接词与词或句与句句说话时的感情或口气说话时的感情或口气a, an, the, for , from with withoutand,
3、 if .asoh, ah不能独立担当成分不能独立担当成分虚词虚词句子成分和结构句子成分句子成分主主谓宾表表定状定状补同位同位语句子成分和结构Different parts of a sentenceDifferent parts of a sentence 概 念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的.组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。句子成分和结构1. 主主语表示所表
4、示所说的的对象是象是“谁”或者是或者是“什么什么”.主主语一般由一般由名名词、代、代词或相当于名或相当于名词的的词,短短语或从句充当。或从句充当。I like English.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.What he said upset me.（主（主语从句）从句） It hasnt been decided whether the sports game will be held. (主主语从句从句)句子成分和结构2. 谓语位置一般在主位置一般在主语之后，之后，说明主明主语的的动作作或或状状态。谓语只能由只能由动词或或动词短短语充当充
5、当。 Nobody knows him.The rich are not always happy.I am getting off at the next station. Will you have to go tomorrow?I wonder if it is because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 句子成分和结构3. 宾语宾语是是及物及物动词所表示的所表示的动作的作的对象象，或或介介词所支配的所支配
6、的对象象。名。名词、代、代词（宾格）、数格）、数词或相当于名或相当于名词的的词、短、短语或或从句都可以作从句都可以作宾语。We love our motherland.He gave up smoking last year.Do you understand what I mean?He bought me a gift.We must fight for peace.句子成分和结构4. 表表语表表语放在系放在系动词(be等等)之后，用来之后，用来说明明主主语的特征、性的特征、性质、身份或状、身份或状态等。名等。名词、形容、形容词、副、副词、代、代词、分、分词、动词不定式、不定式、动名名词、
7、介、介词短短语或从句都可以用作表或从句都可以用作表语。That sounds good.He became angry.My dream has come true.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.This is where he lives. 句子成分和结构句子成分和结构5. 定定语主要由形容主要由形容词或与之相当的其他或与之相当的其他词类，短，短语或从句充当。或从句充当。定定语用来用来修修饰名名词或代或代词.You are hard-working students.A broken heart /a swimming poolA baby
8、 girl Anne was a strong girl who was very found of nature.Lots of machines were made which used this kind of power.句子成分和结构6.状状语主要由副主要由副词，或与之相当的其他，或与之相当的其他词类，短，短语或从句充当。状或从句充当。状语用来用来修修饰动词、形容、形容词、副副词或整个句子。或整个句子。They are working hard.Surely, we will help you.Have you ever tried any adventure travel?He w
9、as reading yesterday afternoon.He was reading when his mother came in.句子成分和结构7.补语补充充说明主明主语或或宾语。由形容。由形容词，名，名词，代代词，数，数词等充当。等充当。The bad news made us upset.We call her Jenny.They found him out.Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.句子成分和结构8. 同位同位语对前面名前面名词或代或代词做做进一步解一步解释说明。由名明。由名词，数，数词，代，代词或从句充当。或从句充当。This is M
10、iss Cao, our English teacher.She herself said so. Are you two ready?9.插入语 Parenthesis He, I think, is a good student.By the way, what time is it by your watch句子成分和结构（简单句）句子成分和结构句子成分和结构 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英
11、语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： + （主谓） 基本句型二： + + （主系表） 基本句型三： + + （主谓宾） 基本句型四： + +IO +DO（主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五： + +O +OC（主谓宾宾补）句子成分和结构基本句型 一 +（主谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词（Vi），后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。句子成分和结构i （不及物动词）（不及物动词）1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He10.Th
12、eyflies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink.laughed? woke. talked (for half an hour).walked (yesterday )is playinghave gone句子成分和结构基本句型 二 + +（主系表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。系动词：句子成分和结构句子成分和结构Linking-V系动系动词）词）(表语表语)1. This 2. The dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. T
13、he book 7.The weather 8. His face is smellsfell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warmer. red. 句子成分和结构 基本句型 三 + +（主谓宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词（Vt）。句子成分和结构t（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语) 1. W
14、ho 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.to have a cup of tea. Good morning. 句子成分和结构 基本句型 四 + +IO +DO（主谓间宾直宾） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 句子成分和结构（及
15、（及物）物）IO（多（多指人）指人）DO（多指物）（多指物）1. She2. She 3. He 4. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 8. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. 句子成分和结构1.give, p
16、ass, tell , teach , send, write, show, bring, offer 等sth. to sb.2.buy, get, fetch, build, choose, make, save 等sth. for sb.搭配不同要记准句子成分和结构 基本句型 五 + + +（主谓宾宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。句子成分和结构（及物）（及物） （宾语）（宾语）（宾补）（宾补）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7.
17、He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 句子成分和结构（二）句子成分和结构1.They work hard. 主 + 谓2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表3.Plants need water. 主 + 谓 + 宾4.He gives me som
18、e seeds. 主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 谓句子成分和结构1.They work hard. 主 + 谓2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表3.Plants need water. 主 + 谓 + 宾4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 +
19、 宾补6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 谓句子成分和结构 1) make/let/have/get 四个使役动词四个使役动词 make sb. do Sb. be made to do make sb./sth. done Sb./Sth. be made done let sb. do have sb. do/doing/done get sb. to do/doing/done 2) leave/keep sb./sth. doing/ done 3) 一感觉，二听，六七看一感觉，二听，六七看 feel, listen to/hear, see/watch
20、/notice/find/observe/catch see sb. do Sb. be seen to do see sb. doing Sb. be seen doing see sb. done Sb. be seen done help，call, tell，ask，think，want sb. to do 4) 6123 consider/think/find/feel/make/believe it + n./adj.+ to do/doing/that句子成分和结构用括号内的词适当形式填空用括号内的词适当形式填空1. The teacher caught her _(cheat)
21、in the monthly exam.2. Suddenly, she felt some water _(flow) over her right leg.3. Can you notice some clouds _(move) fast?4. In order to make herself _(hear), the teacher had to raise her voice.5. The boss makes his workers _ all day.句子成分和结构6. Dont leave todays work _(undo) until tomorrow.7. She is
22、 always keeping others _(wait) for her.8. Do you want your child _(study) hard? 9. I want to have my hair _(cut).10. The harvest had all the machines _(work) all day.句子成分和结构简单句的五种基本句型句子成分和结构句子成分和结构句子成分和结构请说出下列句子类型请说出下列句子类型1.Autumn is coming.2.They wont let me go.3.He showed me his new bike.4.She kno
23、ws what to do.5.The weather is very cold.句子成分和结构句子成分和结构英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句并列句并列句 复合句复合句 句子成分和结构.简单句简单句 A.只包含一个主谓结构只包含一个主谓结构 Mary opened the door.B.两个主语和一个谓语两个主语和一个谓语 Steve and his friend are coming to dinner. C.一个主语和一个主语和并列谓语并列谓语 Mary opened the door and greeted the guests.句子成分和结构 把两个或几个简把两个或几个简单句用单句用
24、并列连词并列连词连接连接起来，则成为一个并起来，则成为一个并列句。列句。.并列句并列句句子成分和结构常用并列连词常用并列连词表平行的并列连词表转折的并列连词表因果的并列连词 表选择的并列连词and, bothand, neither nornot only but also,but, however, while, yetfor, so or, eitheror句子成分和结构句子成分和结构 1. I turned on the TV. I watched it. I turned on the TV and watched it. 2. I bought my sister a present
25、. She didnt like it. I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it. 句子成分和结构常用并列连词常用并列连词表平行的并列连词表转折的并列连词表因果的并列连词 表选择的并列连词and, bothand, neither nornot only but also,but, however, while, yetfor, so or, eitheror句子成分和结构句子成分和结构1.He was tired. He went to bed. 2.The child hid behind his mothers skirt.
26、He was afraid of the dog.He was tired, so he went to bed.The child hid behind his mothers skirt,for he was afraid of the dog.请用合适的请用合适的并列连词并列连词把每组句子把每组句子合并为一个并列句合并为一个并列句句子成分和结构3. He made a promise.He didnt keep it.He made a promise, but He didnt keep it. 4. Mary is opening the door.John is greeting
27、her guests.Mary is opening the door, and John is greeting her guests.句子成分和结构由一个主句加一个或多个从句构成复合句由一个主句加一个或多个从句构成复合句 主句是一个完整的句子主句是一个完整的句子(independent (independent sentence),sentence),它可以独立存在。它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子从句是一个不完整的句子, ,它必须由它必须由连接词连接词和和一个主句连用，不能独立存在一个主句连用，不能独立存在. .复合句（复合句（Compound Sentence)句子成分和结构I
28、wonder if you could give me a hand.请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分。从句主句句子成分和结构Anne wished she could tell people everything that she had gone through in the concentration camp（集中营）.复合句中，主句只有一个，从句可以有n个 . ( n 1 )She said that she was unhappy and that she would tell my manager about this.句子成分和结构1.名词性从句名词
29、性从句在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：1）主语从句）主语从句2）宾语从句宾语从句3）表语从句）表语从句 4）同位语从句）同位语从句2.状语从句状语从句3.定语从句定语从句句子成分和结构句子成分和结构指出下列各从句的类型：指出下列各从句的类型：vI hope that everything is all right.vShe was reading the newspaper when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best of all.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从定语从句句句子成分和结构vIt is s
30、uch a big box that nobody can move it. vHe didnt come yesterday because he was ill. vIll give the letter to him when I see him. vWell go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow. vAlthough the place is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the time.指出下列各从句中的从属连词指出下列各从句中的从属连词 句子成分和结构He has found o
31、ut .She was late. (why)请用括号中所给的词把每组句子请用括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句连接为一个复合句I still remember the day .I first came to Beijing on that day.(when)I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.He has found out why she was late.句子成分和结构1. My roommate was sleeping, we didnt want to wake her up.请用所学知识改正下列病句
32、请用所学知识改正下列病句句子成分和结构改正：改正：My roommate was sleeping .We didnt want to wake her up.My roommate was sleeping, so we didnt want to wake her up.句子成分和结构2. I went to bed. Because I was tired.改正： I went to bed because I was tired.句子成分和结构Thats all for the class！Thank you!句子成分和结构此课件下载可自行编辑修改，供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！句子成分和结构
