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1、电子科技大学电子科技大学 贾宝富贾宝富 博士博士阵列天线仿真阵列天线仿真阵列天线仿真Array OverviewArray OverviewAnalysis ApproachesAnalysis Approaches电子科技大学电子科技大学 贾宝富贾宝富 博士博士阵列天线仿真阵列天线仿真Unit Cell Analysis with Master Unit Cell Analysis with Master / Slave Boundaries/ Slave BoundariesUnit Cell SimplificationUnit Cell SimplificationMaster/Sla
2、ve BoundariesMaster/Slave BoundariesUnit Cell CreationUnit Cell CreationVerifying the Unit Cell GeometryFloquet Ports OverviewFloquet Mode VisualizationFloquet Ports: Determining the Modes to IncludeModes CalculatorFloquet Port SetupFloquet Port SetupWhat if the Lattice is TriangularFloquet Port Set
3、upFloquet Port SetupFloquet Port SetupResults Matrix DataResults: Return Loss/Insertion Loss电子科技大学电子科技大学 贾宝富贾宝富 博士博士阵列天线仿真阵列天线仿真Finite Array AnalysisChallenges for Large Finite Array ModelingDomain Decomposition OverviewSolution: Finite Array DomainDecompositionFinite Array DDM Tool AdvantagesHow It
4、 Works!How It Works!How It Works!How It Works!Probe Fed Patch Array with Feed NetworkFinite Phased Array Setup Using DDMnUnit cell is analyzed to create meshnUnit cell mesh is then replicated to form remaining elements in the arrayMutual Coupling DataActive Return Loss with Phase TaperEmbedded Eleme
5、nt PatternsArray Pattern in the E-PlanenArray has no phase shift taper so thebeam is pointed toward boresitenSidelobe Levels are -10.86dB and-13.23 dB in the E & H Planes.Array Pattern Scanned to 45o in the E-PlaneExplicitly Solved Patch Array vs. DDM Comparison用用CST Microwave StudioCST Microwave St
6、udio仿仿真真阵列天列天线OutlinenAntennasimulationqDifferentsolversfordifferentantennasnAntennaarraysimulationqSmallarraysqFeednetworksqLargearraysqActiveelementpatternnOnlinedemoA small selection. Antenna SimulationnDifferentantennatypesrequiredifferentsolvertechnologies.Transient SolverFrequency SolverIntegr
7、al Equation Solver阵列天线仿真基本方法n由单个天线计算天线阵；q未考虑天线之间的耦合。n由整体模型单独激励计算辐射场；q计算涉及天线结构之间的影响。n整体模型，同时激励；q同时涉及结构和激励状态的影响。计计算模型算模型n单个天线的设置求解求解设设置置求解求解设设置置天天线阵设线阵设置置计计算算结结果果单单独独计计算用后算用后处处理理叠叠加加求解求解设设置置n频率设置与前面相同求解求解设设置置计计算算结结果果计计算算结结果果计计算算结结果果计计算算结结果果计计算算结结果果设设置后置后处处理理计计算算结结果果直接直接计计算方式算方式n模型、边界条件和场观察器等与前面的设置相同。求
8、解求解设设置置计计算算结结果果计计算算结结果果Antenna ArraysSmall Arrays Distributed Computing (DC) Multiple Element ExcitationArray Feeding NetworksLarge ArraysInfinite ArrayInfinite Array FarfieldArrayInfinite ArrayActive Element PatternFinite Array AnalysisCST Array WizardSummary用用HFSSHFSS仿真阵列天线仿真阵列天线序言序言nHFSS计算实际的阵列天线
9、是基于阵列天线中的一个单元。对于模式驱动和端口驱动的设计，使用分布仿真过程。使你能够快速定义、显示和仿真阵列天线设计。设计步骤n1.Drawtheunitcell,containingallappropriateboundariesandsourcedefinitions.n2.Createtheantennaarray,includingname,dimensions,masterandslaveboundarieswhereneededforconformalmeshing,andselectionofrowandcolumnmaster/slavepairsforimplicitdefi
10、nitionoflatticepropagationvectors.Designatewhichcellsareactive,passive,andpadding.n3.Setupthedistributedprocessorpool.DesignswitharraysrequireHPClicenses.n4.ProvideamemorystatisticfortheamountofRAMguaranteedoneachDSOprocessor.Creating a Unit Cell for an ArraynTheunitcellcanberectangular,parallelogra
11、morhexagonal.nYoumustdefineappropriatemasterandslaveboundaries,aswellasotherboundariesrequiredforthemodel.Deletingamasterorslaveboundarythatisreferencedbyanexistingarrayalsodeletesthearray.Typically,youdefinemasterandslaveboundariesasoppositesidesofacell.简单阵列的单元电路nInsuchcases,withmasterandslavebound
12、ariesonoppositesides,thearraysidesalign.nInmakingsourcedefinitionsforunitcellfortheunitcell,youcannotassignaFloquetport.nEachdrivenModalordrivenTerminaldesigncancontainasinglearray.复复杂阵列列设置置nHowever,youcanarrangemasterandslaveboundariestocreateanoffsetarray.Insuchcases,youcreatebothamasterandaslaveb
13、oundaryforcorrespondingsectionsofacellside,andassignmasterandslavetocreateoffsetalignment.nWithallboundariesdefinedinthismanner,thearraycanbeoffset.Create Array CommandnTheCreate ArraycommandisenabledforModalandDrivenTerminalproblemsafteryouhaveassignedmasterandslaveboundariestoyourunitcellmodel.You
14、canaccessthecommandinthreeways:clickHFSSModelCreate Array,right-clickontheModeliconintheProjecttreeandselectCreate Arrayfromtheshortcutmenu,orselecttheunitcellinthemodelerwindow,andselect Create Array fromtheshort-cutmenu.nThisdisplaystheRegular Planar ArraydialogwhereyouspecifyparametersforNumberof
15、Cells,UnitCellPositionandLatticeVectors.Create Array CommandnIfyouhaveVisibleenabled,youcanseeanychanges.qToDefineLatticeVectordirectionsforAandBVectors,specifythemasterboundary.qTodefinethearraysize,fortheAandBvectors,specifythenumberofcellsforeachrowandcolumn,respectively.qFor example,thefollowing
16、figureshowstheresultswhentheinitialLatticeVectorsareswapped.tnTocreateanirregulararray,selecttheActiveCellstab,selecttheradiobuttonforMousemakescellasPaddingCreate Array CommandnOnceyouhavespecifiedtheparameters,theArrayobjectappearsintheProjecttreeundertheModel.OnlyoneArrayispermittedforamodel.TheC
17、reate Arraycommandisdisabledifanarrayisdefined.nByselectingtheArrayiconintheProjecttree,youright-clickfortheshortcutmenu.Create Array CommandnSelectingDeleteremovesthearrayfromtheModel.qSelecting PropertiesdisplaystheRegular Planar Array dialog.qSelectingVisualizeArrayletsyoutogglethearraydisplay.Ac
18、heckmarkindicatesthatthearrayisbeingdisplayed.nWiththeArrayiconintheProjecttreeselected,ifyouhaveadockedPropertieswindowdisplayed,youcanseeandeditArrayProperties.AlleditsareundoableandinformationalmessageswillbepostedtotheMessagewindowwhendesigndataisdeleted.Setup and Run an Array SimulationnThereis
19、nochangeintheGUIforsettinguptheadaptivesimulationfordesignswithanarray.However,thesolutionquantitiesofthevirtualcellswillbeavailableforconvergencesetup(Inbothadaptiveandinterpolatingsweep).TherearenochangesinthewayconvergenceinformationispresentedontheConvergencetaboftheSolutionDisplaypanel.nIfyourd
20、esigncontainsavirtualarray,thesetupcanhavesomedifferences.nEnable Solver Domainsshouldnotbechecked(theseareUIdefineddomains,notsolverdefineddomains).nSetupthedistributedprocessorpool.DesignswitharraysrequireHPClicenses.nGeneralSetupforVirtualArraySimulationforMatrixConvergence,ifyouchooseSelectedEnt
21、ries.nInterpolatingSweepAdvancedOptionsforArraySimulationnFastsweepisnotsupported.Setup and Run an Array SimulationnYoucanalsosetuptheexpressioncacheatsolvesetup.Theexpressioncacheinterfaceforaccessingarrayelementsisthesameasthoseusedinreportsetup.nUsetheActive CellstabontheRegular Planar Arraydialo
22、gtodesignatewhichcellsareactiveorpassiveforasimulation.YoucanmakeAllActive,AllPassiveorselectwhichcellsareactiveorpassive.Themoreactivecellsthereareforasimulation,themoreprocessingrequired.Bydefault,clickingthecorrespondingarrayelementstogglesthecurrentselection,YoucanalsochoosetheMouse makes cell s
23、ettingtoclickforActiveorPassive,whicheverismostconvenient.Clickingonaroworcolumnnumberappliesthemouseclickcommandtoallcellsinthatroworcolumn.Draggingthecursorovercellsperformsthecurrentoperationonthem.Setup and Run an Array SimulationnItisimportanttounderstandtheimpactofpassiveportsonantennaparamete
24、rs.Foracceptedpowercalculations,passiveportsarenotincludedwhencomputingthetotalpowerpassingthroughtheunionofallportsurfaces.Thismeansthatthepassiveportscanbeviewedasalossmechanismforthedeviceanditisnotequivalenttoviewingthepassiveportsasactiveportswithzeroexcitations.nReportsetupforArrays.nThesoluti
25、on/matrixquantitiesaregroupedbycategory.Theentriesineachcategoryarelistedaccordingtotheirrow,columnorderinthecorrespondingmatrix.nTheentryinrow1,column1willbelistedfirst,followedbynrow1,column2,row1,columnN,row2,column1,nrow2,columnN,rowN,columnN.Notethattherow,columnorderofeachentryinthematrixiscon
26、trolledbytheMatrixorderasspecifiedbyuser.nTheexistingFiltercapabilitycanhelplocatethedesiredquantityfromthepotentiallyverylonglist.General Setup for Virtual Array SimulationnForaprojectwithanarraytheGeneralSetupsomedifferencesappearinhowyoucanspecifyMatrixconvergence.nIfyouselectMatrixConvergence,an
27、dclickSet Magnitude and Phase,youwillseetheMatrixconvergencedialog.IntheMatrixConvergencedialogue,ifforEntry SelectionyouchooseSelectedEntries,(ratherthanAllorDiagonal/OffDiagonal),youwillseescrollabledropdownmenusthatletyouselectfromallArrayelementstodefinepairsofMatrixentries.Interpolating Sweep A
28、dvanced Options for ArraysnForanInterpolatingSweepAdvancedOptions,ifyouselectUse Selected Entries,nclickingtheSelect EntriesbuttondisplaysanInterpolationBasisConvergencedialogthatliststheArrayelements.nNotethatthematrixentriesarelistedaccordingtotheMatrixSortOrderasspecifiedbyuser.nEntry Selectionca
29、nbeAll,Diagonal,orOff-Diagonal.nMode SelectioncanbeAll,DominantOnly,orHigher-OrderOnly.Array VisualizationnYoucontrolthevisualizationofanarraybyselectinganexistingArrayintheProjecttreeandtogglingtheVisualize Arraycommandontheshort-cutmenu.nVirtualobjectsinanarraydisplayaswireframes.Iftheallvirtualob
30、jectsforanarraydonotappearintheviewmodelerwindow,performaViewFit Alloperation.Ifyouchangetheview,youcanalsouseCtrl-Dtofitthearrayintothecurrentview.nYoucandisablethearrayvisualizationbyclickingontheVisualize Arrayoptionagain.AcheckmarkappearsinfrontofVisualizeArrayiftheoptionisalreadyON.Thisoptionwi
31、llalsobepresentingeneralactiveviewvisibilityoptions,ViewActive View Visibility.Post Processing for Array ModelsnSolutionquantitiesofbothphysicalandvirtualcellsareavailableforpost-processing.nRadiationfields(nearandfar)postprocessingisoverthewholearray.Youcanplotandanimatefieldsonnon-modelcutplanes,v
32、ectors,andpoints,aswellasonselectedmodelobjectfaces.Anypaddingcellsinoraroundthearrayaretreatedasbackgroundmaterial.Youcanplotandanimatefieldsoncutplanes,vectors,andpoints.nYoucanusetheFieldscalculatortodefinecalculatedexpressions.nHFSScanalsopostprocessindividualcellsinanarrayoneatatime.Youcanselec
33、tanarbitrarycellanddofieldspostprocessingonthatcell.HFSSpostprocessesonasingleuserselectedcellinthearray.nForPortFieldDisplaythereisnoGUIchange.Onlyphysicalports/terminalswillbelisted.Thereisnoneedtosupportvisualizationofuser-selectedcell(likefieldoverlayplot)becausethefieldpatternsofthevirtualmodes
34、arethesameasthoseinthephysicalcells.Reports for ArraysnTherearesomedifferencesintheReportsetupforArrays.1.Thesolution/matrixquantitiesaregroupedbycategory.Theentriesineachcategoryarelistedaccordingtotheirrow,columnorderinthecorrespondingmatrix.Theentryinrow1,column1willbelistedfirst,followedbyrow1,c
35、olumn2,row1,columnN,row2,column1,row2,columnN,rowN,columnN.Notethattherow,columnorderofeachentryinthematrixiscontrolledbytheMatrixorderasspecifiedbyuser.2.TheexistingFiltercapabilitycanhelplocatethedesiredquantityfromthepotentiallyverylonglist.Field Plots for ArraysnYoucangeneratefieldplotsonobjectf
36、aces,aswellasonnon-modelplanes,lines,andpoints.Theplotsdisplaycalculatedfieldswhereevertheselectedgeometryintersectsthearraycellsbasedonwhetherthecellsareactive,passive,orpaddinginthearrayproperties.Locationsdesignatedaspaddingaretreatedasbackgroundmaterialinfieldcalculations.Thevirtualcellsdonotnee
37、dtobevisibletoaffectthegeneratedfieldplots.nYoucanalsocreateanimationsoffieldplots.Iftheplottedgeometryiscontrolledbyasweptvariable(suchasplaneangleorapointlocation)theanimationdisplaysthecorrectvalueswhereevertheyintersectthearraybasedonthedesignationsasactivecells,passivecells,orpaddingcells.Field
38、s Calculator Applications for ArraysnGeometriesselectedforFieldsCalculatorexpressionscanintersectanyactive,passive,orpaddingcellsdefinedforthearray.Youcangenerateanimatedfieldoutputinwhicheachframeisasnapshotofthefieldsonadifferentplaneofthemodeledvolume.TheFieldsCalculatorcookbookdescribesanexample
39、ofthetechnique.Anyderivedfieldquantitycanbeplottedinthismanner.Fields Post Processing on a Designated Array CellnForpostprocessingfieldsinformationforarrays,youcanselectanarbitrarycellanddofieldspostprocessingonthatcell.nTheunitcellmeshfromposition(1,1)willbetranslatedtotheuserselectedcellandfieldsw
40、illbeplottedintheuserselectedcell.nTheprocedureis:1.Selectobjectsintheunitcell2.UsetheArraydialogtospecifythecelltopostprocessforfields,eitherbyclickingonathecorrespondingarraypositionindicatorinthePostProcessingCelltabinorbygivingtheAandBdirectionindices(rowandcolumnrespectively).nTheFieldplotwillbevisibleintheuserselectedcell.nRadiationfieldspostprocessingwillbeoverthewholearray.nJsurfiscalculatedinsidethegeometryofthecellbutitwillbeequalto0alongcellborders.
