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1、单元语法聚焦(十一)宾语补足语宾语补足语英英语语中中，有有些些及及物物动动词词后后接接宾宾语语时时，还还需需要要加加一一个个词词或或短短语语来来补补充充说说明明宾宾语语的的情情况况，这这样样的的词词或或短短语语叫叫做做宾宾语语补补足足语语。可可以以作作宾宾语语补补足足语语的的有有名名词词、形形容容词词、副副词词、介介词词短短语语、动动词不定式、词不定式、v.ed形式或形式或v.ing形式等。形式等。一、具体情况如下：一、具体情况如下：1名名词词作作宾宾语语补补足足语语，通通常常放放在在call，name，keep，make，find，think，consider等等动动词词之之后后，补补充充说
2、说明明宾宾语语的的身身份份或特性等。或特性等。eg：We call him Smith.我们都喊他史密斯。我们都喊他史密斯。2形容词或副词的原级或比较级作宾语补足语，通常放在make，keep，find，get，let等动词之后，补充说明宾语的状态或特征等。eg：Singing makes her happy.唱歌使她快乐。3带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，通常放在ask，tell，like，want，get，teach，order，prefer，warn，advise，remind，wish，would like，would love等动词(短语)之后。eg：My brother often
3、 asks me to teach him to play chess.我的弟弟经常叫我教他下象棋。4省省略略to的的动动词词不不定定式式作作宾宾语语补补足足语语，通通常常放放在在使使役役动动词词make，let，have和和感感官官动动词词see，watch，hear，feel，notice等等之后。但是之后。但是，变为被动语态时省去的变为被动语态时省去的to要还原。要还原。eg：Nobody could make him change his mind.没没有有人人能能使使他他改改变变主主意。意。【注注意意】作作动动词词help的的宾宾语语补补足足语语的的动动词词不不定定式式可可带带to，
4、也也可可省略省略to。eg：He often helps his mother (to) do housework.他他经经常常帮帮助助他他妈妈妈妈做家务。做家务。5v.ed形形式式或或v.ing形形式式作作宾宾语语补补足足语语，通通常常放放在在have，make，keep，hear，watch，see，notice，find等动词之后。等动词之后。【注意】感官动词see，hear，watch等后接省略了to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，往往表示动作的整个过程，着眼于动作已经完成或经常发生；后接ing形式作宾语补足语，则表示动作正在发生或进行。eg：He raised his voice to m
5、ake himself heard.他提高了自己的嗓音让大家能够听到。I kept my friend waiting at home.我一直叫朋友在家等我。6介词短语作宾语补足语，通常放在find，make，keep等动词之后。eg：At that time she found herself in trouble.那时，她发现自己处于困境中。二、二、make作使役动词的用法：作使役动词的用法：make作作为为及及物物动动词词，有有一一种种特特殊殊用用法法，即即“使使役役用用法法”，在在表表示示“使使(要要)某某人人(事事物物)做做什什么么(怎怎么么样样)”时时，它它除除了了要要有有一一个个
6、“宾宾语语”之之外外，还还要要求求宾宾语语后后面面带带上上一一个个宾宾语语补补足足语语，整整个个句句子子才才能能完完整整，这这种种“宾宾语语宾宾语语补补足足语语”是是英语简单句的五种基本句型之一英语简单句的五种基本句型之一，其用法有：其用法有：1“make名名词词/代代词词十十形形容容词词(短短语语)”意意为为“使使某某人人/某某物物(感感到到)”。make是是谓谓语语动动词词，名名词词/代代词词是是make的的宾宾语语，后面的形容词或形容词短语在此作宾语补足语。后面的形容词或形容词短语在此作宾语补足语。eg：Drinking coffee can make me energetic.喝咖啡能
7、给我活力。喝咖啡能给我活力。2“make名名词词/代代词词动动词词原原形形”意意为为“使使某某人人做做某某事事”，此处的动词原形是省略此处的动词原形是省略to的不定式的不定式，也作宾补。也作宾补。eg：Cloudy days make me want to sleep.多云的天气使我想睡觉。多云的天气使我想睡觉。The teacher made her copy the whole text.老老师师让让她她抄抄写写整整篇篇课文。课文。【注注意意】如如果果将将此此类类句句型型改改为为被被动动语语态态，主主动动语语态态中中的的宾宾补补，即即不不带带to的的不不定定式式，应应改改为为带带to的的不
8、不定定式式作作主主语语的的补补足足语语。eg：The boss made him work for 15 hours a day.变变为为被被动动语语态态应应为为：He was made to work for 15 hours a day by the boss.3“make名名词词/代代词词名名词词(短短语语)”意意为为“使使某某人人/某某物物(变变得得)”，名词名词(短语短语)作宾补。作宾补。eg：We made him our monitor.我们选他当我们的班长。我们选他当我们的班长。4“make宾宾语语过过去去分分词词”意意为为“使使某某人人/某某事事被被”。宾宾语语补补足足语语是
9、是过过去去分分词词时时，宾宾语语是是过过去去分分词词的的逻逻辑辑宾宾语语，宾宾语语与与过过去去分分词词之之间间存存在在逻逻辑辑上上的的被被动动关关系系。eg：We must make it done in two hours.我我们们必必须须在在两两个个小小时时内内做完这件事。做完这件事。5“make宾宾语语现现在在分分词词”意意为为“使使某某人人/某某事事一一直直在在”。现现在在分分词词与与宾宾语语之之间间存存在在逻逻辑辑上上的的主主谓谓关关系系。eg：He makes the boy standing all the time.他他让让那那个个男男孩孩一一直直站着。站着。6make还用于以
10、下短语：还用于以下短语：make a decision做决定做决定make a face/faces 做鬼脸做鬼脸make a mistake/mistakes 出差错；犯错误出差错；犯错误make (a) noise 制造噪声制造噪声make friends with 与与交朋友交朋友make a living 谋生谋生make progress 取得进步make sure 确信；弄清楚make up ones mind 下决心make the bed 整理床铺make money 挣钱；赚钱make a sentence with 用造句一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1Our tea
11、cher advises us (study) hard.2We often see him (play) football on the playground.3We must make computers (serve) us better.4My parents told me not (spend) too much time watching TV.5I saw him (play) basketball when I passed the playground.6My roommate often asks me (teach) her to play chess.7I am of
12、ten made (do) some housework.to studyplayserveto spendplayingto teachto do8I just couldnt make myself (understand) while talking to a foreigner.9The news made me (surprise)10She was heard (leave)11Dont get your parents (worry)12I found him (run)understoodsurprisedto leaveworriedrunning13How can you
13、get him (study) hard at home? 14I often hear this song (sing)by many people，but I have never heard her (sing) it.Listen！You can hear her it now.15Soccer makes him (excite)to studysung singsingingexcited二、单项选择。( )16.What will they do with the accident?Ten doctors and five nurses have_a medical team a
14、nd will start out right now.Aworked out Bmade upChelped out Dbelonged to( )17.The little boy_by his brother this morning.Awas made to cry Bwas made cryCmade to cry Dmade cryBA( )18.We all like Miss Wang.I agree with you.She always makes her English classes_Ainterested BinterestCinteresting Dinterest
15、s( )19.The boss made him work 14 hours a day.That means，he_work 14 hours a day.Awas made BmadeCwas making Dwas made toCD( )20.His family is poor，so he needs to think of ways to_Amake a decision Bmake moneyCmake progress Dmake sureB三、根据汉语提示完成句子。21那位父亲想让他的女儿学法语。The father his daughter French.22他可以听到自己
16、的心跳动(beat)得很快。He could his heart very fast.23我发现地上有一块手表。I found a watch .wantsto learnhearbeatingon the ground24吃得多使他生病了。Eating too much .25昨晚父亲让我学习到12点钟。My father till twelve last night.made him illmade me study四、按要求完成句子。26Hot days make her uncomfortable.(改为否定句)Hot days her uncomfortable.27Hard sea
17、ts make people stay a_short_time(对画线部分提问) hard seats make people stay?28They usually make me read two hours a day.(改为被动语态)I usually two hours a day.dont makeHow long doammade to read29I had fun with my friends last Sunday.(改为同义句)I with my friends last Sunday.30It made me kind of angry to wait for him.(改为同义句) for him me kind of angry.had a good timeWaitingmade
